CWE-939
AllowedImproper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a handler for a custom URL scheme, but it does not properly restrict which actors can invoke the handler using the scheme.
46 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-43582 (GCVE-0-2023-43582)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 23:12 – Updated: 2024-09-19 13:52- CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom Clients |
Affected:
see references
|
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CVE-2022-20736 (GCVE-0-2022-20736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-15 17:55 – Updated: 2024-11-01 19:02| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco AppDynamics |
Affected:
n/a
|
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CVE-2021-31384 (GCVE-0-2021-31384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:17 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:37| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/ | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 20.4R1
(custom)
Affected: 20.4R1 , < 20.4* (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2 (custom) |
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CVE-2020-11000 (GCVE-0-2020-11000)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-04-08 16:30 – Updated: 2024-08-04 11:21- CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/luchua-bc/GreenBrowser/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/luchua-bc/GreenBrowser/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| luchua-bc | GreenBrowser |
Affected:
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GHSA-499R-H8WP-RFVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-09-16 14:37Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in "@cosme" App for Android versions prior 5.69.0 and "@cosme" App for iOS versions prior to 6.74.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-09T07:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in \"@cosme\" App for Android versions prior 5.69.0 and \"@cosme\" App for iOS versions prior to 6.74.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.",
"id": "GHSA-499r-h8wp-rfvm",
"modified": "2024-09-16T14:37:25Z",
"published": "2024-09-09T09:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN81570776"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4W34-678C-Q5HP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-15 00:31 – Updated: 2024-09-19 15:30Improper authorization in some Zoom clients may allow an authorized user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43582"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-15T00:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in some Zoom clients may allow an authorized user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.\n",
"id": "GHSA-4w34-678c-q5hp",
"modified": "2024-09-19T15:30:47Z",
"published": "2023-11-15T00:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43582"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://explore.zoom.us/en/trust/security/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-589R-WG5P-VWJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 21:31Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme in Zoom Workplace before version 7.0.4 for Android and before 7.0.3 for iOS may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T19:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme in Zoom Workplace before version 7.0.4 for Android and before 7.0.3 for iOS may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-589r-wg5p-vwjq",
"modified": "2026-06-12T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-26010"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MF6-5MJF-6V7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-03-10 21:32Cwe is not in rca categories in Microsoft Authenticator allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26123"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T20:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cwe is not in rca categories in Microsoft Authenticator allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.",
"id": "GHSA-5mf6-5mjf-6v7r",
"modified": "2026-03-10T21:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-03-10T21:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-26123"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5QHV-X9J4-C3VM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 05:37 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:43Summary
The mobile_open_url tool in mobile-mcp passes user-supplied URLs directly to Android's intent system without any scheme validation, allowing execution of arbitrary Android intents, including USSD codes, phone calls, SMS messages, and content provider access.
Details
The vulnerable code passes URLs directly to adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d <url> without checking the URL scheme. This can enable malicious schemes such as tel:, sms:, mailto:, content://, and market:// to be executed.
Since MCP servers are designed to be operated by AI agents, which are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, a malicious document or website could inject instructions that cause the AI to execute dangerous intents on a connected mobile device.
Impact
An attacker via prompt injection can:
- Execute USSD codes (e.g., tel:*#06# to display IMEI - confirmed on Pixel 7a, behavior varies by device; or device-specific factory reset codes)
- Initiate phone calls to premium rate numbers
- Draft SMS messages with attacker-controlled content
- Access content providers (contacts, SMS, call logs)
- Open app installation prompts
Proof of Concept
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"mobile_open_url","arguments":{"device":"<id>","url":"tel:*#06#"}}}
Result: IMEI displayed on device.
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"mobile_open_url","arguments":{"device":"<id>","url":"sms:1234567890?body=HACKED"}}}
Result: SMS app opens with a pre-filled message.
Remediation
Upgrade to version 0.0.50 or later, which restricts mobile_open_url to http:// and https:// schemes by default. Users who require other URL schemes can opt in by setting MOBILEMCP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_URLS=1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@mobilenext/mobile-mcp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.50"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T05:37:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T21:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `mobile_open_url` tool in mobile-mcp passes user-supplied URLs directly to Android\u0027s intent system without any scheme validation, allowing execution of arbitrary Android intents, including USSD codes, phone calls, SMS messages, and content provider access.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable code passes URLs directly to `adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d \u003curl\u003e` without checking the URL scheme. This can enable malicious schemes such as `tel:`, `sms:`, `mailto:`, `content://`, and `market://` to be executed.\n\nSince MCP servers are designed to be operated by AI agents, which are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, a malicious document or website could inject instructions that cause the AI to execute dangerous intents on a connected mobile device.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker via prompt injection can:\n- Execute USSD codes (e.g., `tel:*#06#` to display IMEI - confirmed on Pixel 7a, behavior varies by device; or device-specific factory reset codes)\n- Initiate phone calls to premium rate numbers\n- Draft SMS messages with attacker-controlled content\n- Access content providers (contacts, SMS, call logs)\n- Open app installation prompts\n\n### Proof of Concept\n```json\n{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"mobile_open_url\",\"arguments\":{\"device\":\"\u003cid\u003e\",\"url\":\"tel:*#06#\"}}}\n```\n\nResult: IMEI displayed on device.\n```json\n{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"mobile_open_url\",\"arguments\":{\"device\":\"\u003cid\u003e\",\"url\":\"sms:1234567890?body=HACKED\"}}}\n```\n\nResult: SMS app opens with a pre-filled message.\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpgrade to version 0.0.50 or later, which restricts `mobile_open_url` to `http://` and `https://` schemes by default. Users who require other URL schemes can opt in by setting `MOBILEMCP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_URLS=1`.",
"id": "GHSA-5qhv-x9j4-c3vm",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:43:53Z",
"published": "2026-04-04T05:37:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/security/advisories/GHSA-5qhv-x9j4-c3vm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/pull/299"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/releases/tag/0.0.50"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@mobilenext/mobile-mcp: Arbitrary Android Intent Execution via mobile_open_url"
}
GHSA-6WM5-G9M5-854V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-17 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-17 06:30Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in "Shonen Jump+" App for Android versions prior to 4.0.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-939"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-17T06:15:21Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in \"Shonen Jump+\" App for Android versions prior to 4.0.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.",
"id": "GHSA-6wm5-g9m5-854v",
"modified": "2024-12-17T06:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-12-17T06:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN08430039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shonenjumpplus.com/article/info20241216"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Utilize a user prompt pop-up to authorize potentially harmful actions such as those modifying data or dealing with sensitive information.
- When designing functionality of actions in the URL scheme, consider whether the action should be accessible to all mobile applications, or if an allowlist of applications to interface with is appropriate.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.