Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-939

Allowed

Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product uses a handler for a custom URL scheme, but it does not properly restrict which actors can invoke the handler using the scheme.

46 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-43582 (GCVE-0-2023-43582)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 23:12 – Updated: 2024-09-19 13:52
VLAI
Summary
Improper authorization in some Zoom clients may allow an authorized user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-29 15:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
Assigner
Zoom CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 60/100 over 18 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2023-11-14 16:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2022-20736 (GCVE-0-2022-20736)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-15 17:55 – Updated: 2024-11-01 19:02
VLAI
Title
Cisco AppDynamics Controller Authorization Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco AppDynamics Controller Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access a configuration file and the login page for an administrative console that they would not normally have authorization to access. This vulnerability is due to improper authorization checking for HTTP requests that are submitted to the affected web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected instance of AppDynamics Controller. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access the login page for an administrative console. AppDynamics has released software updates that address this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-01 18:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
cisco CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 377 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-06-15 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2021-31384 (GCVE-0-2021-31384)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:17 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:37
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: SRX Series: Under a specific device configuration an attacker can access the devices J-Web management services from any interface, regardless of security settings protecting the service
Summary
Due to a Missing Authorization weakness and Insufficient Granularity of Access Control in a specific device configuration, a vulnerability exists in Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series whereby an attacker who attempts to access J-Web administrative interfaces can successfully do so from any device interface regardless of the web-management configuration and filter rules which may otherwise protect access to J-Web. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS SRX Series 20.4 version 20.4R1 and later versions prior to 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 20.4R1.
CWE
  • CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
  • CWE-551 - Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization
  • CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
  • CWE-1220 - Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
Assigner
juniper CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 175 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://kb.juniper.net/ x_refsource_MISC
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Unaffected: unspecified , < 20.4R1 (custom)
Affected: 20.4R1 , < 20.4* (custom)
Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-10-13 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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            "baseScore": 7.2,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
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            },
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              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-551: Incorrect Behavior Order: Authorization Before Parsing and Canonicalization"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-939: Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-1220: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
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        },
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          }
        ],
        "source": {
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    "datePublished": "2021-10-19T18:17:28.030Z",
    "dateReserved": "2021-04-15T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-09-16T17:37:44.972Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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CVE-2020-11000 (GCVE-0-2020-11000)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-04-08 16:30 – Updated: 2024-08-04 11:21
VLAI
Title
Improper URL validation in GreenBrowser
Summary
GreenBrowser before version 1.2 has a vulnerability where apps that rely on URL Parsing to verify that a given URL is pointing to a trust server may be susceptible to many different ways to get URL parsing and verification wrong, which allows an attacker to circumvent the access control. This problem has been patched in version 1.2.
CWE
  • CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7637 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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GHSA-499R-H8WP-RFVM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-09-16 14:37
VLAI
Details

Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in "@cosme" App for Android versions prior 5.69.0 and "@cosme" App for iOS versions prior to 6.74.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-45203"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-939"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-09T07:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in \"@cosme\" App for Android versions prior 5.69.0 and \"@cosme\" App for iOS versions prior to 6.74.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-499r-h8wp-rfvm",
  "modified": "2024-09-16T14:37:25Z",
  "published": "2024-09-09T09:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN81570776"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4W34-678C-Q5HP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-15 00:31 – Updated: 2024-09-19 15:30
VLAI
Details

Improper authorization in some Zoom clients may allow an authorized user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-43582"
  ],
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      "CWE-287",
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    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-15T00:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper authorization in some Zoom clients may allow an authorized user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4w34-678c-q5hp",
  "modified": "2024-09-19T15:30:47Z",
  "published": "2023-11-15T00:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://explore.zoom.us/en/trust/security/security-bulletin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-589R-WG5P-VWJQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme in Zoom Workplace before version 7.0.4 for Android and before 7.0.3 for iOS may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
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    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T19:16:30Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme in Zoom Workplace before version 7.0.4 for Android and before 7.0.3 for iOS may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.",
  "id": "GHSA-589r-wg5p-vwjq",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T21:31:45Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T21:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-26010"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5MF6-5MJF-6V7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-03-10 21:32
VLAI
Details

Cwe is not in rca categories in Microsoft Authenticator allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26123"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
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    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T20:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cwe is not in rca categories in Microsoft Authenticator allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-5mf6-5mjf-6v7r",
  "modified": "2026-03-10T21:32:17Z",
  "published": "2026-03-10T21:32:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-26123"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
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    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QHV-X9J4-C3VM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 05:37 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:43
VLAI
Summary
@mobilenext/mobile-mcp: Arbitrary Android Intent Execution via mobile_open_url
Details

Summary

The mobile_open_url tool in mobile-mcp passes user-supplied URLs directly to Android's intent system without any scheme validation, allowing execution of arbitrary Android intents, including USSD codes, phone calls, SMS messages, and content provider access.

Details

The vulnerable code passes URLs directly to adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d <url> without checking the URL scheme. This can enable malicious schemes such as tel:, sms:, mailto:, content://, and market:// to be executed.

Since MCP servers are designed to be operated by AI agents, which are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, a malicious document or website could inject instructions that cause the AI to execute dangerous intents on a connected mobile device.

Impact

An attacker via prompt injection can: - Execute USSD codes (e.g., tel:*#06# to display IMEI - confirmed on Pixel 7a, behavior varies by device; or device-specific factory reset codes) - Initiate phone calls to premium rate numbers - Draft SMS messages with attacker-controlled content - Access content providers (contacts, SMS, call logs) - Open app installation prompts

Proof of Concept

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"mobile_open_url","arguments":{"device":"<id>","url":"tel:*#06#"}}}

Result: IMEI displayed on device.

{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"tools/call","params":{"name":"mobile_open_url","arguments":{"device":"<id>","url":"sms:1234567890?body=HACKED"}}}

Result: SMS app opens with a pre-filled message.

Remediation

Upgrade to version 0.0.50 or later, which restricts mobile_open_url to http:// and https:// schemes by default. Users who require other URL schemes can opt in by setting MOBILEMCP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_URLS=1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@mobilenext/mobile-mcp"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.50"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35394"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-939"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T05:37:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T21:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe `mobile_open_url` tool in mobile-mcp passes user-supplied URLs directly to Android\u0027s intent system without any scheme validation, allowing execution of arbitrary Android intents, including USSD codes, phone calls, SMS messages, and content provider access.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable code passes URLs directly to `adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.VIEW -d \u003curl\u003e` without checking the URL scheme. This can enable malicious schemes such as `tel:`, `sms:`, `mailto:`, `content://`, and `market://` to be executed.\n\nSince MCP servers are designed to be operated by AI agents, which are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, a malicious document or website could inject instructions that cause the AI to execute dangerous intents on a connected mobile device.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker via prompt injection can:\n- Execute USSD codes (e.g., `tel:*#06#` to display IMEI - confirmed on Pixel 7a, behavior varies by device; or device-specific factory reset codes)\n- Initiate phone calls to premium rate numbers\n- Draft SMS messages with attacker-controlled content\n- Access content providers (contacts, SMS, call logs)\n- Open app installation prompts\n\n### Proof of Concept\n```json\n{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"mobile_open_url\",\"arguments\":{\"device\":\"\u003cid\u003e\",\"url\":\"tel:*#06#\"}}}\n```\n\nResult: IMEI displayed on device.\n```json\n{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"tools/call\",\"params\":{\"name\":\"mobile_open_url\",\"arguments\":{\"device\":\"\u003cid\u003e\",\"url\":\"sms:1234567890?body=HACKED\"}}}\n```\n\nResult: SMS app opens with a pre-filled message.\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpgrade to version 0.0.50 or later, which restricts `mobile_open_url` to `http://` and `https://` schemes by default. Users who require other URL schemes can opt in by setting `MOBILEMCP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_URLS=1`.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qhv-x9j4-c3vm",
  "modified": "2026-04-06T23:43:53Z",
  "published": "2026-04-04T05:37:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/security/advisories/GHSA-5qhv-x9j4-c3vm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35394"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/pull/299"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mobile-next/mobile-mcp/releases/tag/0.0.50"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@mobilenext/mobile-mcp: Arbitrary Android Intent Execution via mobile_open_url"
}

GHSA-6WM5-G9M5-854V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-17 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-17 06:30
VLAI
Details

Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in "Shonen Jump+" App for Android versions prior to 4.0.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-54125"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-939"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-17T06:15:21Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme issue in \"Shonen Jump+\" App for Android versions prior to 4.0.0 allows an attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App. As a result, the user may become a victim of a phishing attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-6wm5-g9m5-854v",
  "modified": "2024-12-17T06:30:33Z",
  "published": "2024-12-17T06:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54125"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN08430039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://shonenjumpplus.com/article/info20241216"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Utilize a user prompt pop-up to authorize potentially harmful actions such as those modifying data or dealing with sensitive information.
  • When designing functionality of actions in the URL scheme, consider whether the action should be accessible to all mobile applications, or if an allowlist of applications to interface with is appropriate.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.