CWE-88
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
623 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P538-C434-8V24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 20:23 – Updated: 2026-08-03 20:23Summary
Commit.count() forwards **kwargs into rev_list with no check_unsafe_options guard (the guard exists only in the sibling iter_items, commit.py:341). git rev-list --output=<path> opens and truncates the target file to 0 bytes before revision parsing, so count(output='/victim') destroys/blanks an arbitrary file.
Root Cause
commit.py:290-291 calls self.repo.git.rev_list(self.hexsha, **kwargs) with no check_unsafe_options and no allow_unsafe_options parameter. The sibling iter_items (commit.py:341) is guarded; count is not. This is a distinct, uncovered sink — GHSA-956x-8gvw-wg5v fixed iter_commits/blame, not count.
Impact
Destroy/blank an arbitrary file at process privilege (integrity/availability). Reachability is key-control only (count uses self.hexsha, not a user ref), and the write is a 0-byte truncation (no content control), so MEDIUM.
Proof of Concept
commit.count(output='/path/to/victim') # victim truncated to 0 bytes (verified)
# control: commit.iter_commits(output=...) raises UnsafeOptionError
Attack Chain
- Entry: app forwards user options ->
commit.count(output='/victim'). Guard: none. Bypass proof:iter_commits(output=)raises UnsafeOptionError;count(output=)does not — verified side-by-side. - Sink:
git rev-list <sha> --output=/victim-> file truncated to 0 bytes. Impact: destroy/blank arbitrary file.
Bypass Evidence
Live-verified on HEAD (tag 3.1.53): count(output=<victim>) truncated a pre-existing file to 0 bytes; guarded iter_commits(output=) raised UnsafeOptionError. Same CNA-accepted "app forwards user options dict" model as GHSA-956x-8gvw-wg5v's archive(**kwargs). Uncovered sink, not a duplicate.
Affected Versions
<= 3.1.53
Suggested Fix
Add check_unsafe_options to Commit.count (mirroring iter_items).
Reported by zx (Jace) — GitHub: @manus-use
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.55"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "GitPython"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.56"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-03T20:23:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n`Commit.count()` forwards `**kwargs` into `rev_list` with **no** `check_unsafe_options` guard (the guard exists only in the sibling `iter_items`, commit.py:341). `git rev-list --output=\u003cpath\u003e` opens and truncates the target file to 0 bytes before revision parsing, so `count(output=\u0027/victim\u0027)` destroys/blanks an arbitrary file.\n\n## Root Cause\n`commit.py:290-291` calls `self.repo.git.rev_list(self.hexsha, **kwargs)` with no `check_unsafe_options` and no `allow_unsafe_options` parameter. The sibling `iter_items` (commit.py:341) is guarded; `count` is not. This is a distinct, uncovered sink \u2014 GHSA-956x-8gvw-wg5v fixed `iter_commits`/`blame`, not `count`.\n\n## Impact\nDestroy/blank an arbitrary file at process privilege (integrity/availability). Reachability is key-control only (`count` uses `self.hexsha`, not a user ref), and the write is a 0-byte truncation (no content control), so MEDIUM.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n```python\ncommit.count(output=\u0027/path/to/victim\u0027) # victim truncated to 0 bytes (verified)\n# control: commit.iter_commits(output=...) raises UnsafeOptionError\n```\n\n## Attack Chain\n1. Entry: app forwards user options -\u003e `commit.count(output=\u0027/victim\u0027)`. Guard: none. Bypass proof: `iter_commits(output=)` raises UnsafeOptionError; `count(output=)` does not \u2014 verified side-by-side.\n2. Sink: `git rev-list \u003csha\u003e --output=/victim` -\u003e file truncated to 0 bytes. Impact: destroy/blank arbitrary file.\n\n## Bypass Evidence\nLive-verified on HEAD (tag 3.1.53): `count(output=\u003cvictim\u003e)` truncated a pre-existing file to 0 bytes; guarded `iter_commits(output=)` raised UnsafeOptionError. Same CNA-accepted \"app forwards user options dict\" model as GHSA-956x-8gvw-wg5v\u0027s `archive(**kwargs)`. Uncovered sink, not a duplicate.\n\n## Affected Versions\n`\u003c= 3.1.53`\n\n## Suggested Fix\nAdd `check_unsafe_options` to `Commit.count` (mirroring `iter_items`).\n\n---\nReported by **zx (Jace)** \u2014 GitHub: @manus-use",
"id": "GHSA-p538-c434-8v24",
"modified": "2026-08-03T20:23:18Z",
"published": "2026-08-03T20:23:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/security/advisories/GHSA-p538-c434-8v24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/pull/2184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/commit/38553b6fddc7f6a667cdb45a6762343a08fc72b2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/releases/tag/3.1.56"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "GitPython: Arbitrary file truncation via git rev-list --output argument injection in unguarded Commit.count"
}
GHSA-P69R-V3H4-RJ4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-04 18:31 – Updated: 2024-12-23 20:37Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-vm62-9jw3-c8w3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
The built-in SSH server of Gogs through 0.13.0 allows argument injection in internal/ssh/ssh.go, leading to remote code execution. Authenticated attackers can exploit this by opening an SSH connection and sending a malicious --split-string env request if the built-in SSH server is activated. Windows installations are unaffected.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gogs/gogs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.13.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-10T14:30:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-04T16:15:02Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "# Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-vm62-9jw3-c8w3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n# Original Description\nThe built-in SSH server of Gogs through 0.13.0 allows argument injection in internal/ssh/ssh.go, leading to remote code execution. Authenticated attackers can exploit this by opening an SSH connection and sending a malicious --split-string env request if the built-in SSH server is activated. Windows installations are unaffected.",
"id": "GHSA-p69r-v3h4-rj4f",
"modified": "2024-12-23T20:37:29Z",
"published": "2024-07-04T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39930"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/securing-developer-tools-unpatched-code-vulnerabilities-in-gogs-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/argument-injection-in-gogs-ssh-server-cve-2024-39930"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: github.com/gogs/gogs affected by CVE-2024-39930",
"withdrawn": "2024-12-23T20:37:28Z"
}
GHSA-P77V-Q5X4-M9WP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-04 18:31An Argument Injection vulnerability exists in bird-lg-go before commit 6187a4e. The traceroute module uses shlex.Split to parse user input without validation, allowing remote attackers to inject arbitrary flags (e.g., -w, -q) via the q parameter. This can be exploited to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting system resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T16:16:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Argument Injection vulnerability exists in bird-lg-go before commit 6187a4e. The traceroute module uses shlex.Split to parse user input without validation, allowing remote attackers to inject arbitrary flags (e.g., -w, -q) via the q parameter. This can be exploited to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting system resources.",
"id": "GHSA-p77v-q5x4-m9wp",
"modified": "2026-03-04T18:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-03-04T18:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xddxdd/bird-lg-go/issues/136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xddxdd/bird-lg-go/commit/6187a4e3afce6d8c29568f8c72ca497d1f5a2b56"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P9M7-FWRR-649P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-23 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 15:31TOTOLINK X5000R v9.1.0cu_2415_B20250515 contains an argument injection vulnerability in the setDiagnosisCfg handler of the /usr/sbin/lighttpd executable. The ip parameter is retrieved via websGetVar and passed to a ping command through CsteSystem without validating if the input starts with a hyphen (-). This allows remote authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary command-line options into the ping utility, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) by causing excessive resource consumption or prolonged execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-70327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-23T21:19:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X5000R v9.1.0cu_2415_B20250515 contains an argument injection vulnerability in the setDiagnosisCfg handler of the /usr/sbin/lighttpd executable. The ip parameter is retrieved via websGetVar and passed to a ping command through CsteSystem without validating if the input starts with a hyphen (-). This allows remote authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary command-line options into the ping utility, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) by causing excessive resource consumption or prolonged execution.",
"id": "GHSA-p9m7-fwrr-649p",
"modified": "2026-02-25T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-02-23T21:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/neighborhood-H/0-DAY/blob/main/Toto-link/X5000R/SetDiagnosisCfg/report.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/TOTOLINK-X5000R-SetDiagnosisCfg-2d170566ca7f8098a0bcee9f2a15d40d?source=copy_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PF97-P8FF-FJ35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-21 09:31 – Updated: 2026-02-10 18:30telnetd in GNU Inetutils through 2.7 allows remote authentication bypass via a "-f root" value for the USER environment variable.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-21T07:16:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "telnetd in GNU Inetutils through 2.7 allows remote authentication bypass via a \"-f root\" value for the USER environment variable.",
"id": "GHSA-pf97-p8ff-fj35",
"modified": "2026-02-10T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-01-21T09:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codeberg.org/inetutils/inetutils/commit/ccba9f748aa8d50a38d7748e2e60362edd6a32cc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codeberg.org/inetutils/inetutils/commit/fd702c02497b2f398e739e3119bed0b23dd7aa7b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-inetutils/2026-01/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-24061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gnu.org/software/inetutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2026-01-22-f-around-and-find-out-18-hours-of-unsolicited-houseguests/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/20/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/20/2#:~:text=root@...a%3A~%20USER=\u0027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/20/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2026-24061-detection-script-remote-authentication-bypass-in-gnu-inetutils-package"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2026-24061-mitigation-script-remote-authentication-bypass-in-gnu-inetutils-package"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/22/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PG25-36P5-JFV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-28 15:31CRITICAL: An improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that enabled remote code execution. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need permission to create and build GitHub Pages using GitHub Actions. This vulnerability affected only version 3.7.0 of GitHub Enterprise Server and was fixed in version 3.7.1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23740"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CRITICAL: An improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that enabled remote code execution. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need permission to create and build GitHub Pages using GitHub Actions. This vulnerability affected only version 3.7.0 of GitHub Enterprise Server and was fixed in version 3.7.1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.",
"id": "GHSA-pg25-36p5-jfv5",
"modified": "2025-04-28T15:31:31Z",
"published": "2022-11-23T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.7/admin/release-notes#3.7.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.7/admin/release-notes#3.7.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PH62-9J8F-J6FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-19 00:00An argument injection vulnerability in the browser-based authentication component of the Magnitude Simba Amazon Redshift ODBC Driver (1.4.14 through 1.4.21.1001 and 1.4.22 through 1.4.x before 1.4.52) may allow a local user to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29972"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An argument injection vulnerability in the browser-based authentication component of the Magnitude Simba Amazon Redshift ODBC Driver (1.4.14 through 1.4.21.1001 and 1.4.22 through 1.4.x before 1.4.52) may allow a local user to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-ph62-9j8f-j6ff",
"modified": "2022-05-19T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-10T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://insightsoftware.com/trust/security/advisories/redshift-and-athena-driver-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.magnitude.com/products/data-connectivity"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJ5V-GRMP-4755
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-08 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-08 21:30Products that incorporate the Microhard BulletLTE-NA2 and IPn4Gii-NA2 are vulnerable to a post-authentication command injection issue in the AT+MNPINGTM command that can lead to privilege escalation. This is an instance of CWE-88, "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')," and is estimated as a CVSS 7.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N). This issue has not been generally fixed at the time of this CVE record's first publishing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35010"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-08T21:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Products that incorporate the Microhard BulletLTE-NA2 and IPn4Gii-NA2 are vulnerable to a post-authentication command injection issue in the AT+MNPINGTM command that can lead to privilege escalation. This is an instance of CWE-88,\u00a0\"Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027),\" and is estimated as a CVSS 7.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N). This issue has not been generally fixed at the time of this CVE record\u0027s first publishing.",
"id": "GHSA-pj5v-grmp-4755",
"modified": "2025-06-08T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-06-08T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.microhardcorp.com/portal/en/kb/articles/ipn4gii-bullet-lte-firmware"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://takeonme.org/cves/cve-2025-35010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.microhardcorp.com/BulletLTE-NA2.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.microhardcorp.com/IPn4Gii-NA2.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJ7J-HQ52-3V55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-07 21:31Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T19:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-pj7j-hq52-3v55",
"modified": "2025-10-07T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-10-07T21:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000376224/dsa-2025-333-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJRJ-FMXP-CMC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2025-05-09 21:31encoding.c in GNU Screen through 4.8.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write access and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted UTF-8 character sequence.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26937"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "encoding.c in GNU Screen through 4.8.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write access and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted UTF-8 character sequence.",
"id": "GHSA-pjrj-fmxp-cmc4",
"modified": "2025-05-09T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26937"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/screen"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/02/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GNWBOIDEPOEQS5RMQVMFKHKXJCGNYWBL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JJWLXP45POUUYBJRRWPVAWNZDJTLYWVM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GNWBOIDEPOEQS5RMQVMFKHKXJCGNYWBL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JJWLXP45POUUYBJRRWPVAWNZDJTLYWVM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/screen-devel/2021-02/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250509-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/09/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/02/09/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Parameterization
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Mitigation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
Mitigation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection
An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.
CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection
An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.
CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads
This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.