Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

18906 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-94501 (GCVE-0-2026-94501)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:37
VLAI
Title
jshERP through 3.6 Privilege Escalation via userBusiness CRUD
Summary
jshERP through 3.6 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the userBusiness CRUD endpoints that allows authenticated users to create, modify, or delete authorization-relation rows without privilege checks. Attackers can manipulate user-role mappings and access controls to escalate privileges, strip access from other accounts, or modify role-function relationships for any user in the tenant.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94499 (GCVE-0-2026-94499)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 12:27 – Updated: 2026-09-30 13:17
VLAI
Title
WordPress FormGent plugin <= 1.12.2 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Subscriber Broken Access Control in FormGent <= 1.12.2 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 13:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wpWax FormGent Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.12.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94498 (GCVE-0-2026-94498)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:25
VLAI
Title
WordPress AppMySite plugin <= 3.15.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in AppMySite <= 3.15.4 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AppMySite AppMySite Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.15.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94496 (GCVE-0-2026-94496)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-21 19:05
VLAI
Title
jshERP through 3.6 Privilege Escalation via Role Management
Summary
jshERP through 3.6 fails to validate caller permissions in role management endpoints, allowing authenticated users to modify any role's data scope or delete roles. Attackers can exploit the /role/update and /role/delete endpoints to escalate privileges, change data visibility to all data, and access all business records in the tenant.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 19:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94495 (GCVE-0-2026-94495)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-24 22:28
VLAI
Title
jshERP through 3.6 Missing Authorization via systemConfig
Summary
jshERP through 3.6 fails to properly validate user privileges in SystemConfigService.updateSystemConfig, allowing authenticated users to modify tenant system configuration. Attackers can rewrite or delete tenant-wide settings covering company identity, stock rules, approval behavior, and printing configuration through the systemConfig endpoint.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 22:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94414 (GCVE-0-2026-94414)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:36
VLAI
Title
jshERP through 3.6 Missing Authorization via updateBtnStr
Summary
jshERP through 3.6 is missing an authorization check on the POST /userBusiness/updateBtnStr endpoint that allows authenticated users to modify role button-permission definitions. Attackers can supply arbitrary roleId and btnStr parameters to overwrite button-permission configurations for any role in the tenant without privilege validation.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94412 (GCVE-0-2026-94412)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-21 19:04
VLAI
Title
jshERP through 3.6 Authorization Bypass via resetPwd
Summary
jshERP through 3.6 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the POST /user/resetPwd endpoint that allows authenticated users to reset any other user's password. Attackers can submit a request with an arbitrary target user ID to reset that account's password to a known default value, enabling unauthorized access to other user accounts including administrators.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 19:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94411 (GCVE-0-2026-94411)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:16 – Updated: 2026-09-24 22:27
VLAI
Title
jshERP 3.6 Privilege Escalation via updateOneValueByKeyIdAndType
Summary
jshERP 3.6 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the updateOneValueByKeyIdAndType endpoint that allows authenticated users to grant themselves arbitrary roles. Attackers can send a POST request with type=UserRole, their own user ID, and a role ID list to escalate from low-privilege tenant user to tenant administrator.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 22:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6762 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jishenghua jshERP Affected: 3.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:jishenghua:jsherp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94410 (GCVE-0-2026-94410)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 11:37 – Updated: 2026-10-13 12:07
VLAI
Title
Exposure of Role List to Low-Privileged Remote Users in Bender Custom&Partner Service
Summary
A low privileged remote attacker is able to view a list of roles that should only be accessible to administrators. This results in a low level of confidentiality breach, as no particularly sensitive information is affected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 12:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CERTVDE CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 144 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Bender Customer&Partner Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.17.5 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:bender:customer_platform_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94394 (GCVE-0-2026-94394)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 13:25 – Updated: 2026-09-21 14:48
VLAI
Title
MISP ObjectReferencesController: Granular Distribution and Sharing Group Restrictions Bypassed When Adding Object References
Summary
When a regular user adds a reference between objects or attributes, MISP checks whether the user can access the overall event, but it does not always check whether the individual pieces of data are also allowed for that user. Because of this, someone who can view an event could potentially access attributes or objects inside that event that were meant to be restricted to a specific sharing group or distribution level. The vulnerability affects authenticated users who are not site administrators and who already have access to an event containing more restricted data. The main impact is that users may be able to view sensitive attribute values, object details, or related object data that they should not normally be allowed to see.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 14:35 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.47 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Review: review GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-21 13:15
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f36634e57.patch 2688fca1334e…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
f36634e57b93 fix: [security] Extended event granular restrictions ignored 2688fca1334e…
Fix summary

The fix introduces granular authorization checks in the ObjectReferencesController add() method. For non-site-admin users, the query conditions for attributes, objects, and object attributes are now augmented with OR clauses that restrict results to: (1) entities belonging to the user's own event, (2) entities with unrestricted distribution levels (1, 2, 3, 5), or (3) entities with distribution level 4 whose sharing_group_id is in the user's authorized sharing group list. This ensures that only data the user is explicitly authorized to see under MISP's distribution and sharing-group model is included in the object reference operation.

Patch summary

In app/Controller/ObjectReferencesController.php, the add() method is modified to build dynamic condition arrays ($attributeConditions, $objectConditions, $objectAttributeConditions) that incorporate the current user's role and authorized sharing group IDs. For non-site-admin users, each condition array gains an OR clause filtering by event ownership, distribution levels (1,2,3,5), or distribution level 4 with a matching sharing_group_id from the user's authorized IDs. These condition arrays replace the previously hardcoded minimal conditions (deleted=0, object_id=0) in the Contain clauses for Attribute, Object, and nested Object.Attribute queries. The user's authorized sharing group IDs are obtained via SharingGroup->authorizedIds($user).

CVSS rationale

AV:N: MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L: The attack requires no special conditions beyond having a valid account with event-level access; no race conditions or complex setup needed. AT:N: No manipulation of a separate attack target is required. PR:L: The attacker needs a low-privilege authenticated account (any non-site-admin user with access to an event containing restricted attributes/objects). UI:N: No victim interaction is required; the attacker simply calls the API endpoint. VC:N/VI:N/VA:N: The MISP server itself (the vulnerable component) is not compromised in its own confidentiality, integrity, or availability. SC:H: The resource impact is high because restricted attribute values, object metadata, and object-attribute data that are explicitly gated by distribution levels and sharing groups are exposed to an unauthorized user. SI:N: No integrity impact on the data. SA:N: No safety impact.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-862 The ObjectReferencesController add() method was missing authorization checks for granular distribution-level and sharing-group restrictions on attributes, objects, and object attributes. Only event-level access was verified, while the sub-entity level access controls (distribution levels 1-5, sharing group membership) were entirely absent from the query conditions. This is a classic missing authorization check at a finer granularity than what was enforced.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-109 The closest plausible CAPEC is Parameter Tampering. An authenticated user supplies an objectId parameter to the add() endpoint, and the application fails to enforce proper authorization on the sub-entities (attributes, objects, object attributes) associated with that object. The user effectively 'tampers' with the scope of accessible data by leveraging event-level access to reach restricted sub-entities. This is not a perfect match because the user is not modifying a parameter to an invalid value but rather exploiting the absence of a check on a valid parameter's sub-resources. No CAPEC specifically models 'broken granular access control' or 'insecure direct object reference at sub-entity level,' making CAPEC-109 the best available approximation.
Assumptions to verify
  • The exact affected and fixed version numbers are not specified in the patch metadata. The tag_version_boundary indicates the fix commit is 140 commits after v2.5.47, but the precise release version containing the fix is unknown.
  • The CAPEC-109 (Parameter Tampering) mapping is the closest available match but is not a perfect fit; the vulnerability is more precisely a missing granular authorization check rather than parameter manipulation. No CAPEC specifically models broken sub-entity access control.
  • The CVSS SC:H rating assumes that the exposed attribute/object data constitutes sensitive information (e.g., IOCs, malware indicators, threat intelligence) whose unauthorized disclosure is a significant confidentiality impact. If the data is considered low-sensitivity, SC:L may be more appropriate.
  • The vulnerability requires the attacker to already have event-level access; it does not grant access to events the user cannot see. The bypass is limited to granular restrictions within an already-accessible event.
  • The patch only addresses the add() method in ObjectReferencesController; other methods or controllers with similar patterns may or may not be affected, but no evidence of additional affected code paths is present in this patch.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 5 9 medium 5
Show details on NVD website

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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix introduces granular authorization checks in the ObjectReferencesController add() method. For non-site-admin users, the query conditions for attributes, objects, and object attributes are now augmented with OR clauses that restrict results to: (1) entities belonging to the user\u0027s own event, (2) entities with unrestricted distribution levels (1, 2, 3, 5), or (3) entities with distribution level 4 whose sharing_group_id is in the user\u0027s authorized sharing group list. This ensures that only data the user is explicitly authorized to see under MISP\u0027s distribution and sharing-group model is included in the object reference operation.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix introduces granular authorization checks in the ObjectReferencesController add() method. For non-site-admin users, the query conditions for attributes, objects, and object attributes are now augmented with OR clauses that restrict results to: (1) entities belonging to the user\u0027s own event, (2) entities with unrestricted distribution levels (1, 2, 3, 5), or (3) entities with distribution level 4 whose sharing_group_id is in the user\u0027s authorized sharing group list. This ensures that only data the user is explicitly authorized to see under MISP\u0027s distribution and sharing-group model is included in the object reference operation."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP ObjectReferencesController: Granular Distribution and Sharing Group Restrictions Bypassed When Adding Object References",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
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                  ],
                  "review_status": "review",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
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                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
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                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The exact affected and fixed version numbers are not specified in the patch metadata. The tag_version_boundary indicates the fix commit is 140 commits after v2.5.47, but the precise release version containing the fix is unknown.",
                  "The CAPEC-109 (Parameter Tampering) mapping is the closest available match but is not a perfect fit; the vulnerability is more precisely a missing granular authorization check rather than parameter manipulation. No CAPEC specifically models broken sub-entity access control.",
                  "The CVSS SC:H rating assumes that the exposed attribute/object data constitutes sensitive information (e.g., IOCs, malware indicators, threat intelligence) whose unauthorized disclosure is a significant confidentiality impact. If the data is considered low-sensitivity, SC:L may be more appropriate.",
                  "The vulnerability requires the attacker to already have event-level access; it does not grant access to events the user cannot see. The bypass is limited to granular restrictions within an already-accessible event.",
                  "The patch only addresses the add() method in ObjectReferencesController; other methods or controllers with similar patterns may or may not be affected, but no evidence of additional affected code paths is present in this patch."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-109",
                    "rationale": "The closest plausible CAPEC is Parameter Tampering. An authenticated user supplies an objectId parameter to the add() endpoint, and the application fails to enforce proper authorization on the sub-entities (attributes, objects, object attributes) associated with that object. The user effectively \u0027tampers\u0027 with the scope of accessible data by leveraging event-level access to reach restricted sub-entities. This is not a perfect match because the user is not modifying a parameter to an invalid value but rather exploiting the absence of a check on a valid parameter\u0027s sub-resources. No CAPEC specifically models \u0027broken granular access control\u0027 or \u0027insecure direct object reference at sub-entity level,\u0027 making CAPEC-109 the best available approximation."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "f36634e57b93ad9daa3ab9530b76b9e5cba796e2",
                "confidence": "medium",
                "credits": [
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
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                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N: MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L: The attack requires no special conditions beyond having a valid account with event-level access; no race conditions or complex setup needed. AT:N: No manipulation of a separate attack target is required. PR:L: The attacker needs a low-privilege authenticated account (any non-site-admin user with access to an event containing restricted attributes/objects). UI:N: No victim interaction is required; the attacker simply calls the API endpoint. VC:N/VI:N/VA:N: The MISP server itself (the vulnerable component) is not compromised in its own confidentiality, integrity, or availability. SC:H: The resource impact is high because restricted attribute values, object metadata, and object-attribute data that are explicitly gated by distribution levels and sharing groups are exposed to an unauthorized user. SI:N: No integrity impact on the data. SA:N: No safety impact.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix introduces granular authorization checks in the ObjectReferencesController add() method. For non-site-admin users, the query conditions for attributes, objects, and object attributes are now augmented with OR clauses that restrict results to: (1) entities belonging to the user\u0027s own event, (2) entities with unrestricted distribution levels (1, 2, 3, 5), or (3) entities with distribution level 4 whose sharing_group_id is in the user\u0027s authorized sharing group list. This ensures that only data the user is explicitly authorized to see under MISP\u0027s distribution and sharing-group model is included in the object reference operation.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-21T13:15:28.001598Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
                      "agreementScore": 9,
                      "assumptionCount": 5,
                      "confidence": "medium",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 5
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "2688fca1334e3016b8b885ce926749f8d47e49d7b657cf38f7b2edcd6eaf6cf0",
                "patchSummary": "In app/Controller/ObjectReferencesController.php, the add() method is modified to build dynamic condition arrays ($attributeConditions, $objectConditions, $objectAttributeConditions) that incorporate the current user\u0027s role and authorized sharing group IDs. For non-site-admin users, each condition array gains an OR clause filtering by event ownership, distribution levels (1,2,3,5), or distribution level 4 with a matching sharing_group_id from the user\u0027s authorized IDs. These condition arrays replace the previously hardcoded minimal conditions (deleted=0, object_id=0) in the Contain clauses for Attribute, Object, and nested Object.Attribute queries. The user\u0027s authorized sharing group IDs are obtained via SharingGroup-\u003eauthorizedIds($user).",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "f36634e57b93ad9daa3ab9530b76b9e5cba796e2",
                    "patchSha256": "2688fca1334e3016b8b885ce926749f8d47e49d7b657cf38f7b2edcd6eaf6cf0",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f36634e57.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f36634e57.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Extended event granular restrictions ignored"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f36634e57.patch",
                "subject": "fix: [security] Extended event granular restrictions ignored",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
                  "commits_after_fix": 140,
                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.47",
                  "version": "2.5.47",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-862",
                    "rationale": "The ObjectReferencesController add() method was missing authorization checks for granular distribution-level and sharing-group restrictions on attributes, objects, and object attributes. Only event-level access was verified, while the sub-entity level access controls (distribution levels 1-5, sharing group membership) were entirely absent from the query conditions. This is a classic missing authorization check at a finer granularity than what was enforced."
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20106"
        }
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    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
    "assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-94394",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-21T13:25:40.360Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-21T13:25:38.483Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T14:48:16.963Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.