Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

18896 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-95685 (GCVE-0-2026-95685)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 14:13 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:13
VLAI
Title
MISP Missing Authorization on replaceSuggestionInReport Event Report Action
Summary
MISP contains an access control flaw in the EventReports functionality. The replaceSuggestionInReport action, which allows modification of suggestion content within an event report, was incorrectly mapped to the wildcard permission ('*') in the ACLComponent, making it accessible to any authenticated user regardless of their assigned permissions. All analogous report-modification actions correctly required the perm_add permission, while read-only actions such as downloadAsPDF appropriately used the wildcard.  An authenticated user without the perm_add permission could invoke the replaceSuggestionInReport endpoint to alter report suggestion data, violating the intended authorization model.  This constitutes an improper authorization weakness that could lead to unauthorized modification of event report content, potentially corrupting shared threat intelligence data or injecting misleading information into reports relied upon by other analysts and automated consumers.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.47 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-22 14:08
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/66aebfb1a.patch 4dbeb3f23f82…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
66aebfb1a1e5 fix: [ACL] tightening of eventreports 4dbeb3f23f82…
Fix summary

The ACL mapping for the replaceSuggestionInReport action was corrected from the wildcard permission ('*') to the perm_add permission, aligning it with all other report-modification actions and ensuring that only users explicitly granted the add permission can invoke the action.

Patch summary

In app/Controller/Component/ACLComponent.php, a single-line change was made in the event reports ACL array: the permission requirement for the 'replaceSuggestionInReport' key was changed from array('*') to array('perm_add'), restricting the action to users with the perm_add privilege.

CVSS rationale

The vulnerability is exploitable over the network (AV:N) via a simple HTTP request to the MISP API or web interface (AC:L). No attack target manipulation is required (AT:N). The attacker must be an authenticated user with at least basic access but without perm_add (PR:L). No user interaction is needed (UI:N). The primary impact is on the integrity of the vulnerable system's event report data (VI:H), as an unauthorized user can modify report suggestions. Confidentiality and availability impacts are not directly evidenced (VC:N, VA:N). No secondary system impact is indicated (SC:N, SI:N, SA:N).

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-862 The replaceSuggestionInReport action was accessible to all authenticated users (wildcard '*') when it should have required the perm_add permission. The authorization check was effectively missing for this specific action, allowing any authenticated user to perform a privileged operation.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-126 The attacker invokes the replaceSuggestionInReport endpoint directly (e.g., via API or URL manipulation) relying on the fact that the ACL layer permits the action for all authenticated users. The attack pattern of accessing a resource or action the user is not authorized to perform by directly requesting it matches Forced Browsing. Uncertainty: the exact request vector (REST API vs. web UI) is not specified in the patch, but the underlying mechanism of bypassing intended authorization by directly calling the endpoint is consistent with this pattern.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected version range is inferred from the tag boundary (v2.5.47, 136 commits after fix); the exact last vulnerable version is not explicitly stated in the patch metadata.
  • The CVSS VI:H rating assumes that modifying report suggestions constitutes a significant integrity impact on the MISP instance's threat intelligence data; if the practical impact is considered lower, VI:M may be more appropriate.
  • The CAPEC-126 mapping is the closest available pattern; the exact exploitation vector (REST API call vs. web form submission) is not specified in the patch, but the core mechanism of unauthorized action invocation is consistent.
  • The patch does not include the full ACLComponent context, so the exact set of users affected (e.g., whether 'perm_add' is a common or rare permission in typical MISP deployments) is not fully determinable.
  • No authentication bypass is implied; the attacker must already be an authenticated MISP user.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 5 9 medium 5
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95683 (GCVE-0-2026-95683)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 14:06 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:28
VLAI
Title
MISP Overmind Event View Discloses Report Content Bypassing Report-Level ACL
Summary
In MISP, the Overmind event view enriches an event with its most recent attached report for preview purposes. The enrichment logic fetched the report using only the event ID as the lookup condition, without applying the report's own distribution/ACL constraints. Because MISP reports carry an independent distribution setting that can be more restrictive than the parent event's distribution, an authenticated user who had read access to the event could retrieve and view a report whose distribution explicitly excluded that user. Additionally, the query did not filter out soft-deleted reports, allowing retrieval of reports that had been administratively removed. The result is an unauthorized disclosure of threat-intelligence report content to users who should not have access under the report's own access-control policy. The vulnerability requires an authenticated MISP user with at least read access to the affected event.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.47 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Not human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
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bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
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Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-22 13:58
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/6932aace8.patch d3472acf034e…
Confidence
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Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
6932aace8445 fix: [security] Apply the caller's ACL to the event view's d3472acf034e…
Fix summary

The report fetch in the Overmind event enrichment now applies the caller's ACL via EventReport::buildACLConditions($user), enforcing the report's own distribution policy in addition to the event-level access. A condition on EventReport.deleted = 0 is also added to exclude soft-deleted reports. The query is further hardened with recursive = -1 and an explicit contain clause to limit the data retrieved.

Patch summary

In app/Controller/EventsController.php, the __enrichEvent() method's report lookup is changed from a simple event_id condition to a composite condition built from EventReport::buildACLConditions($user) combined with EventReport.event_id and EventReport.deleted = 0. The find() call is updated to use the new $reportConditions array, adds 'contain' => EventReport::DEFAULT_CONTAIN, and sets 'recursive' => -1 to prevent unnecessary eager-loading of associated models.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L: An authenticated user with read access to any event simply views it in the Overmind interface; no race conditions, special timing, or complex manipulation are required. AT:N: No attack-target manipulation is needed. PR:L: The attacker must be an authenticated MISP user with at least read permission on the event; no administrative privileges are required. UI:N: No victim interaction beyond the attacker's own viewing action. VC:H: Sensitive threat-intelligence report content (IOCs, analysis, context) is disclosed to a user the report's distribution explicitly excludes. VI:N, VA:N: No integrity or availability impact. SC:N, SI:N, SA:N: The impact is confined to the MISP instance's own data; no cross-system impact is evidenced.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-862 The report's own ACL/distribution check was entirely absent from the Overmind event-view enrichment path. The code fetched the report by event ID without invoking buildACLConditions(), so the report-level authorization policy was never enforced for this code path.
  • CWE-639 The event ID, which is a user-controllable identifier in the request, was used as the sole key to retrieve a report resource whose access should be independently governed by the report's distribution. This allowed bypass of the report's authorization by leveraging the event-level access.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-126 The access control for the EventReport resource was incorrectly configured (or absent) in the Overmind event-view code path: the report's distribution ACL was not applied, effectively leaving the resource accessible to any user who could see the parent event. This is the closest CAPEC to a missing/incomplete authorization check on a specific resource. The mapping is slightly uncertain because the flaw is a missing check rather than a misconfiguration of an existing check, but CAPEC-126 is the best available match for an access-control enforcement gap on a specific object.
Assumptions to verify
  • The tag_version_boundary (v2.5.47, 57 commits after fix) is used as the nearest known version boundary; the exact first fixed release is not explicitly stated in the patch metadata, so the affected range is marked as less_than 2.5.47 with 'unspecified' version.
  • CVSS PR:L assumes the attacker needs only a standard authenticated MISP account with read access to the event; the specific role/permission level required is not detailed in the patch.
  • CVSS VC:H assumes the report content constitutes sensitive threat-intelligence data; the actual sensitivity depends on the report's content and the organization's data classification.
  • CAPEC-126 is selected as the closest match; the flaw is more precisely a missing authorization check (CWE-862) rather than a misconfiguration of an existing control, but no CAPEC entry specifically covers 'missing authorization on a sub-resource' more precisely.
  • The patch does not include test cases or reproduction steps; exploitability assessment is based solely on the code diff and commit message.
  • The 'Overmind' feature is assumed to be a MISP UI component for event viewing; its exact configuration and deployment context are not specified in the patch.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 4 9 medium 6
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95671 (GCVE-0-2026-95671)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 13:20 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:32
VLAI
Title
MISP Collections: Missing Authorization Check for Sharing Group on PUT Request in collections/add
Summary
In MISP, the CollectionsController add() method enforced the sharing-group usability authorization check and element capture only when the HTTP request method was POST. However, the underlying CRUDComponent::add() method persists data on both POST and PUT requests. As a result, an authenticated user could issue a PUT request to the collections/add endpoint, bypassing the sharing-group authorization check entirely. This allowed the creation of a collection with distribution=4 (shared with a specific sharing group) targeting a sharing group that the user was not authorized to use. The bypassed check would normally verify that the current user has access to the specified sharing group before allowing the collection to be associated with it. The security impact is that an authenticated user can place collection data into a sharing group context they do not have legitimate access to, potentially exposing that data to all members of the unauthorized sharing group and violating the intended access-control boundaries of the MISP instance. The vulnerability requires an authenticated session and knowledge of a valid sharing group identifier; no user interaction or special tooling is needed beyond sending a PUT request instead of a POST request to the same endpoint.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard A 90/100 over 244 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.47 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-22 13:13
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/c20f5a836.patch a49bc540d446…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
c20f5a83621d fix: [security] Authorise the collection sharing group on PUT a49bc540d446…
Fix summary

The authorization guard in CollectionsController::add() was extended to cover PUT requests in addition to POST requests. The sharing-group usability check (which validates that the current user can use the target sharing group) and the element capture logic now execute regardless of whether the request arrives as POST or PUT, ensuring that CRUDComponent::add() cannot persist a collection with an unauthorized sharing group via either HTTP verb.

Patch summary

In app/Controller/CollectionsController.php, the condition guarding the sharing-group authorization check and element capture was changed from 'if ($this->request->is('post'))' to 'if ($this->request->is('post') || $this->request->is('put'))'. A comment was added explaining that CRUDComponent::add() persists on either verb, so the guard must cover both. Four lines inserted, one line deleted in total.

CVSS rationale

AV:N - MISP is a web application accessible over the network. AC:L - The attack requires only changing the HTTP method from POST to PUT; no race conditions, complex payloads, or special conditions are needed. AT:N - No attack target manipulation is required. PR:L - An authenticated MISP user is required; the vulnerability is in the authorization layer, not authentication. UI:N - No victim interaction is needed. VC:N - The primary data in the collection is user-created; the vulnerability does not directly expose other users' data to the attacker. VI:L - The attacker can create a collection in a sharing group they are not authorized to use, violating the integrity of the sharing-group access model. VA:N - No availability impact. SC:N - No secondary confidentiality impact identified. SI:L - Secondary integrity impact: data is placed in an unauthorized sharing-group context, potentially visible to that group's members. SA:N - No secondary availability impact.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-862 The sharing-group usability authorization check was present for POST but entirely absent for PUT requests to the same endpoint. The authorization logic was not missing in design; it was simply not applied to one of the HTTP methods that triggers the same persistence path, resulting in a missing authorization enforcement for PUT.
  • CWE-285 The application performed an authorization check (sharing-group usability) but applied it conditionally based on the HTTP method, allowing an attacker to bypass the check by selecting a different method. This is an improper authorization implementation where the check is not consistently enforced across all code paths that lead to the sensitive operation.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-114 The attacker manipulates the HTTP method parameter (changing POST to PUT) to bypass the authorization check that is keyed on the method. The HTTP method acts as a routing parameter that the application uses to decide whether to enforce authorization; tampering with it causes the check to be skipped. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed bypass technique, though the pattern is more specifically an authorization bypass via method selection rather than classic parameter tampering. Uncertainty: no CAPEC specifically covers 'bypassing authorization by altering the HTTP verb'; CAPEC-114 is the best available match.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.47 with 54 commits after fix); the exact last affected version and first fixed version are not explicitly stated in the patch and may differ.
  • The CVSS assumes the primary impact is integrity (unauthorized placement of data in a sharing group) rather than confidentiality, since the data in the collection is user-created. If the collection grants read access to other data in the sharing group, the confidentiality impact could be higher.
  • CAPEC-114 (Parameter Tampering) is the closest available CAPEC for bypassing an authorization check by altering the HTTP method; no CAPEC specifically models HTTP-verb-based authorization bypass.
  • The patch does not include version tags or release notes; affected version ranges are approximate.
  • The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant (Claude Opus 4.8); it is credited as a tool rather than a human remediation developer.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 5 9 medium 5
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95604 (GCVE-0-2026-95604)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-23 18:46
VLAI
Title
WordPress Loops & Logic plugin <= 4.2.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Loops & Logic <= 4.2.4 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 18:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tangible Loops & Logic Affected: n/a , ≤ 4.2.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95597 (GCVE-0-2026-95597)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 10:00 – Updated: 2026-10-11 12:13 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress 워드프레스 결제 심플페이 plugin <= 5.5.17 - Settings Change vulnerability
Summary
Missing Authorization vulnerability in codemstory 워드프레스 결제 심플페이 pgall-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects 워드프레스 결제 심플페이: from n/a through 5.5.17.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-11 12:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
codemstory 워드프레스 결제 심플페이 Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.5.17 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-03 18:08
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95589 (GCVE-0-2026-95589)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 10:00 – Updated: 2026-10-09 20:10 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress Deposits and Partial Payments for WooCommerce plugin <= 4.0.1 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Missing Authorization vulnerability in Magepeople inc. Deposits and Partial Payments for WooCommerce advanced-partial-payment-or-deposit-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Deposits and Partial Payments for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.0.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-09 20:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-04 07:36
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95587 (GCVE-0-2026-95587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 12:27 – Updated: 2026-09-30 13:27
VLAI
Title
WordPress Hostinger Migrator plugin <= 1.0 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Hostinger Migrator <= 1.0 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 13:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Hostinger Hostinger Migrator Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95527 (GCVE-0-2026-95527)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-23 18:46
VLAI
Title
WordPress Conekta Payment Gateway plugin <= 6.2.4 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Conekta Payment Gateway <= 6.2.4 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 18:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Conekta Group Conekta Payment Gateway Affected: n/a , ≤ 6.2.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95526 (GCVE-0-2026-95526)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 08:35 – Updated: 2026-10-06 10:31
VLAI
Title
WordPress BEAR plugin <= 1.2.2 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in BEAR <= 1.2.2 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 10:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealMag777 BEAR Affected: n/a , ≤ 1.2.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-95513 (GCVE-0-2026-95513)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:42
VLAI
Title
WordPress Online Booking & Scheduling Calendar for WordPress by vcita plugin <= 4.6.0 - Broken Access Control vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Online Booking & Scheduling Calendar for WordPress by vcita <= 4.6.0 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3017 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.