CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
16579 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-18544 (GCVE-0-2026-18544)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 20:29 – Updated: 2026-08-21 16:13- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7284125 | vendor-advisorypatch |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18544",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-21T16:09:55.759527Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-21T16:13:10.944Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ibm:portieris:0.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe:2.3:a:ibm:portieris:0.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"product": "Portieris",
"vendor": "IBM",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "0.14.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.5.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eIBM Portieris 0.5.0 through 0.14.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass image policy enforcement due to improper authorization of pod owner references.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "IBM Portieris 0.5.0 through 0.14.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass image policy enforcement due to improper authorization of pod owner references."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T20:29:10.276Z",
"orgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
"shortName": "ibm"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7284125"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct(s)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVersion(s) number and/or range\u00a0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRemediation/Fix/Instructions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePortieris\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003ev0.14.3\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eDownload \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/IBM/portieris/releases/tag/v0.14.3\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ev0.14.3\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "IBM strongly recommends addressing the vulnerability now.\n\nProduct(s)Version(s) number and/or range\u00a0Remediation/Fix/InstructionsPortierisv0.14.3Download v0.14.3 https://github.com/IBM/portieris/releases/tag/v0.14.3 ."
}
],
"title": "Portieris is vulnerable to Image Policy Bypass via Unvalidated ownerReference"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "9a959283-ebb5-44b6-b705-dcc2bbced522",
"assignerShortName": "ibm",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18544",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T20:29:10.276Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-31T21:11:28.140Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-21T16:13:10.944Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18437 (GCVE-0-2026-18437)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 08:30 – Updated: 2026-07-31 14:50- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mailerpress | MailerPress – Newsletter, email marketing & AI automation |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18437",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-31T14:50:06.250339Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T14:50:17.110Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "MailerPress \u2013 Newsletter, email marketing \u0026 AI automation",
"vendor": "mailerpress",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.5.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Jakub Lipi\u0144ski (A3RES)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The MailerPress \u2013 Newsletter, email marketing \u0026 AI automation plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the `mailerpress/v1/contact` endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update contact details."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T08:30:15.331Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/159d031b-0362-4625-9d98-3908401c8ee8?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailerpress/trunk/src/Api/Contacts.php#L847"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailerpress/trunk/src/Api/Contacts.php#L801"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T20:36:58.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T20:21:58.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "MailPress \u003c= 1.5.0 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Contact Updates"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18437",
"datePublished": "2026-07-31T08:30:15.331Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-30T20:21:38.396Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T14:50:17.110Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18436 (GCVE-0-2026-18436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 08:30 – Updated: 2026-07-31 10:53- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mailerpress | MailerPress – Newsletter, email marketing & AI automation |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.0
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18436",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-31T10:47:30.154298Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T10:53:34.281Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "MailerPress \u2013 Newsletter, email marketing \u0026 AI automation",
"vendor": "mailerpress",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.5.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Jakub Lipi\u0144ski (A3RES)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The MailPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access in versions up to, and including, 1.5.0 via the campaign revision-restore REST endpoint (POST /wp-json/mailpress/v1/campaign/\u003cid\u003e/restore-revision/\u003crevision_id\u003e). The route in the vulnerable range was registered without a permissionCallback, allowing the restoreRevision() handler to run for unauthenticated requests and overwrite a campaign\u0027s content_html with any prior revision. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify campaign content by restoring an arbitrary revision."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T08:30:15.838Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/793a7ef0-8938-47a6-80ed-83f69fbbb27f?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailerpress/trunk/src/Api/CampaignRevisions.php#L156"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailerpress/trunk/src/Api/CampaignRevisions.php#L155"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T20:26:53.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "MailerPress \u003c= 1.5.0 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Arbitrary Modification via REST API Endpoint"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18436",
"datePublished": "2026-07-31T08:30:15.838Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-30T20:11:46.469Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T10:53:34.281Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18431 (GCVE-0-2026-18431)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-26 06:08 – Updated: 2026-08-27 14:34- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themefusion | Avada (Fusion) Builder |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.16
(semver)
|
|
| ThemeFusion | Avada | Website Builder For WordPress & WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.16
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18431",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-27T13:56:30.034208Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T14:34:23.749Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Avada (Fusion) Builder",
"vendor": "themefusion",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Avada | Website Builder For WordPress \u0026 WooCommerce",
"vendor": "ThemeFusion",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Alex Thomas"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Wordfence Argus"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Avada theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Write in all versions up to, and including, 7.16 when the Fusion Builder plugin is installed and active in versions up to, and including, 3.16. This is due to a chain of authorization and input validation weaknesses across the two components that makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to write attacker-controlled files to the server. This can be used to create and execute arbitrary PHP files, resulting in remote code execution and complete site compromise. Successful exploitation requires both Avada and Fusion Builder to be installed and active, as well as certain administrator-authored content to be present."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-26T06:08:28.442Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5bef5bd3-8ec9-4a5b-bcdd-98952c7ef390?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://avada.com/documentation/avada-changelog/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Discovered"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-30T21:08:33.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-25T17:44:47.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Avada \u003c= 7.16 and Fusion Builder \u003c= 3.16 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Write"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18431",
"datePublished": "2026-08-26T06:08:28.442Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-30T19:46:51.827Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T14:34:23.749Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18347 (GCVE-0-2026-18347)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 06:38 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:40- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themeum | Kirki – Freeform Page Builder, Website Builder & Customizer |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.1.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18347",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-17T15:39:51.047450Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T15:40:02.951Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Kirki \u2013 Freeform Page Builder, Website Builder \u0026 Customizer",
"vendor": "themeum",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Datist Pham"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Kirki \u2013 Freeform Page Builder, Website Builder \u0026 Customizer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.1. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with custom-level access and above, to read arbitrary user metadata and sensitive user record fields \u2014 including email address, assigned roles, registration date, and any user_meta values \u2014 belonging to any WordPress user including administrators, by supplying a target user ID with a user-type context to the frontend collection endpoint."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-16T06:38:09.625Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/fa1e0bcd-f881-4b01-b802-7cb18a22a07f?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.0.9/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/CollectionController.php#L97"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.1.1/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/CollectionController.php#L97"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.1.1/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/FrontendRESTController.php#L42"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.1.1/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/FrontendRESTController.php#L82"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.1.1/includes/HelperFunctions.php#L1098"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.1.1/includes/Ajax/Users.php#L227"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.0.9/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/FrontendRESTController.php#L42"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.0.9/includes/API/Frontend/Controllers/FrontendRESTController.php#L82"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.0.9/includes/HelperFunctions.php#L1098"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/kirki/tags/6.0.9/includes/Ajax/Users.php#L227"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3629933%40kirki\u0026new=3629933%40kirki"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-29T22:54:30.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-15T17:56:23.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Kirki \u003c= 6.1.1 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Sensitive Information Disclosure via \u0027context\u0027 Parameter"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18347",
"datePublished": "2026-08-16T06:38:09.625Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T22:39:19.905Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T15:40:02.951Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18316 (GCVE-0-2026-18316)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-16 05:27 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:38- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| solacewp | Solace Extra |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.6.0
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18316",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-17T15:37:52.644771Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T15:38:05.469Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Solace Extra",
"vendor": "solacewp",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.6.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Wordfence PRISM"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Solace Extra plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification and loss of data due to a missing capability check on the import_zip() function in versions up to, and including, 1.6.0. The handler is registered on both wp_ajax_action-import-zip and wp_ajax_nopriv_action-import-zip and only verifies the \u0027ajax-nonce\u0027 nonce, which is emitted on every admin page via wp_localize_script (unrestricted admin_enqueue_scripts hook) and is therefore accessible to any authenticated user including Subscribers. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to wipe navigation menus, sidebar widgets (via update_option(\u0027sidebars_widgets\u0027, array())), all theme mods (via remove_theme_mods()), and Elementor templates, as well as trigger arbitrary demo-content imports."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862 Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-16T05:27:28.665Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4e427c4e-3e27-49e3-ba64-6241b430d5d8?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/solace-extra/tags/1.6.0/admin/import.php#L2382"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/solace-extra/tags/1.6.0/includes/class-solace-extra.php#L336"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/solace-extra/tags/1.6.0/admin/class-solace-extra-admin.php#L289"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3627961%40solace-extra\u0026new=3627961%40solace-extra"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-29T18:35:10.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-15T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Solace Extra \u003c= 1.6.0 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Site Content Deletion and Unauthorized Demo Import via action-import-zip AJAX Action"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18316",
"datePublished": "2026-08-16T05:27:28.665Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T18:20:00.202Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T15:38:05.469Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18277 (GCVE-0-2026-18277)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 15:11 – Updated: 2026-08-06 15:46- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scripta | eScriptorium |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 26.4.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18277",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-06T15:46:02.475451Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:46:08.198Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "eScriptorium",
"vendor": "Scripta",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "26.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Thibault Cl\u00e9rice \u0026 Hassen Aguili"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Missing authorization in the OcrModelRight create and delete views in Scripta eScriptorium through 26.04.1 allows a remote authenticated user to grant themselves access to another user\u0027s private OCR model and to revoke any user\u0027s OCR model access via a POST request, because the ownership check is placed in get_context_data() and therefore runs only on the GET rendering path"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:11:23.252Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitlab.com/scripta/escriptorium/-/work_items/1227"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to fixed version: 26.04.2, 1.0.1 or 0.13.9."
}
],
"title": "Missing Authorization in eScriptorium"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18277",
"datePublished": "2026-08-06T15:11:23.252Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T17:05:38.309Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:46:08.198Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18276 (GCVE-0-2026-18276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 15:11 – Updated: 2026-08-06 15:47- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scripta | eScriptorium |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 26.4.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18276",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-06T15:46:59.786117Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:47:06.237Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "eScriptorium",
"vendor": "Scripta",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "26.4.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Thibault Cl\u00e9rice \u0026 Hassen Aguili"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Missing authorization in the websocket consumer in Scripta eScriptorium through 26.04.1 allows a remote authenticated user to subscribe to any document\u0027s event stream and observe another user\u0027s segmentation, transcription, import, export and training activity via the object_cls and object_pk values of a join-room message, which are passed to group_add without an access check"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:11:03.369Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitlab.com/scripta/escriptorium/-/work_items/1229"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to fixed version: 26.04.2, 1.0.1 or 0.13.9."
}
],
"title": "Missing Authorization in eScriptorium"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18276",
"datePublished": "2026-08-06T15:11:03.369Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T17:05:33.317Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-06T15:47:06.237Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18244 (GCVE-0-2026-18244)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 18:05 – Updated: 2026-08-13 15:03- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18244",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-13T15:03:10.997646Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T15:03:21.129Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:gitlab:gitlab:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "GitLab",
"repo": "git://git@gitlab.com:gitlab-org/gitlab.git",
"vendor": "GitLab",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "19.0.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "17.7",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "19.1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "19.1",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "19.2.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "19.2",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "This vulnerability has been discovered internally by GitLab team member F\u00e9lix Veillette-Potvin"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.7 before 19.0.6, 19.1 before 19.1.4, and 19.2 before 19.2.2 that under certain conditions could have allowed an authenticated user to view restricted configuration settings due to improper authorization checks on a group settings page."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-12T18:05:30.375Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items/597953"
},
{
"url": "https://docs.gitlab.com/releases/patches/patch-release-gitlab-19-2-2-released/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to versions 19.0.6, 19.1.4, 19.2.2 or above."
}
],
"title": "Missing Authorization in GitLab"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18244",
"datePublished": "2026-08-12T18:05:30.375Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T14:34:29.604Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T15:03:21.129Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-18218 (GCVE-0-2026-18218)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 06:38 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:23- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18218 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2508313 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Keycloak |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-18218",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-31T15:56:18.182533Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T15:58:33.955Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "keycloak-services",
"product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhbk-keycloak-rhel9/rhbk-keycloak-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "rhbk-openshift-rhel9/rhbk-openshift-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "keycloak-services",
"product": "Red Hat Data Grid 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/jbossnetwork/restricted/listSoftware.html",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "keycloak-services",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "keycloak-services",
"product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Red Hat would like to thank Paul Bottinelli (Trail of Bits in collaboration with OpenAI) for reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-24T13:46:56.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in the TokenManager component of the Keycloak identity management service. When an administrator attempts to revoke tokens for a specific application (client) using a \"not-before\" policy, the revocation may be silently ignored if the overall security realm already has an older, non-zero revocation policy in place. This issue can allow previously issued tokens to remain valid for refreshing sessions and accessing user information even after an administrator has attempted to invalidate them.\n\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501\u2501"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Moderate"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.2,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T15:23:20.911Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-18218"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2508313",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2508313"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-24T13:46:56.000Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-24T13:46:56.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: client not-before revocation ignored when realm not-before is older but nonzero",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-18218",
"datePublished": "2026-07-31T06:38:18.291Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-29T09:00:23.659Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T15:23:20.911Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.