CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
20100 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M7XQ-24CJ-H94H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-30 18:33 – Updated: 2026-09-30 18:33NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode driver where a local user may access another process's GPU channel state due to missing authorization checks. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47603"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-30T16:17:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA GPU Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel mode driver where a local user may access another process\u0027s GPU channel state due to missing authorization checks. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-m7xq-24cj-h94h",
"modified": "2026-09-30T18:33:48Z",
"published": "2026-09-30T18:33:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NVIDIA/product-security/tree/main/2026/5861"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-47603"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M82M-22QC-G394
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38Insufficient policy enforcement in developer tools in Google Chrome prior to 87.0.4280.66 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to obtain potentially sensitive information from the user's disk via a crafted Chrome Extension.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-08T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in developer tools in Google Chrome prior to 87.0.4280.66 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to obtain potentially sensitive information from the user\u0027s disk via a crafted Chrome Extension.",
"id": "GHSA-m82m-22qc-g394",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/11/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_17.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1116444"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M836-P73R-8PM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-08 06:30 – Updated: 2026-11-08 21:30The FV Flowplayer Video Player WordPress plugin before 7.5.57.7212 does not perform any authorization check on an AJAX action that carries out a site-wide content rewrite, so any authenticated user, including subscriber-level, can trigger a bulk modification of posts they should not be able to edit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-85344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-08T06:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The FV Flowplayer Video Player WordPress plugin before 7.5.57.7212 does not perform any authorization check on an AJAX action that carries out a site-wide content rewrite, so any authenticated user, including subscriber-level, can trigger a bulk modification of posts they should not be able to edit.",
"id": "GHSA-m836-p73r-8pm6",
"modified": "2026-11-08T21:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-11-08T06:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2b899f0d-4ebe-4743-820e-32c106cc876a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M84G-2MGP-69WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 06:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 06:31The Visualizer – Tables & Charts Manager with Built-in AI Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to access and export the contents of any visualizer chart on the site — including charts in draft, private, pending, future, or trash status — as CSV, Excel, or HTML via the /wp-json/visualizer/v1/action/{chart}/{type}/ REST endpoint. This bypass is particularly impactful because the standard WordPress REST endpoint for the non-public 'visualizer' custom post type correctly enforces capability checks and returns HTTP 401 to unauthenticated callers, whereas this plugin-registered route circumvents that protection entirely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13468"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T05:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Visualizer \u2013 Tables \u0026 Charts Manager with Built-in AI Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.3. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to access and export the contents of any visualizer chart on the site \u2014 including charts in draft, private, pending, future, or trash status \u2014 as CSV, Excel, or HTML via the /wp-json/visualizer/v1/action/{chart}/{type}/ REST endpoint. This bypass is particularly impactful because the standard WordPress REST endpoint for the non-public \u0027visualizer\u0027 custom post type correctly enforces capability checks and returns HTTP 401 to unauthenticated callers, whereas this plugin-registered route circumvents that protection entirely.",
"id": "GHSA-m84g-2mgp-69wx",
"modified": "2026-07-01T06:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T06:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.1/classes/Visualizer/Module.php#L182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.1/classes/Visualizer/Module/Frontend.php#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.1/classes/Visualizer/Module/Frontend.php#L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.3/classes/Visualizer/Module.php#L182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.3/classes/Visualizer/Module/Frontend.php#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/visualizer/tags/4.0.3/classes/Visualizer/Module/Frontend.php#L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3591310%40visualizer\u0026new=3591310%40visualizer\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/45dbcc5e-2746-4a55-a1d1-a7c67fa2950e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M87Q-XFCV-792V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-21 00:32 – Updated: 2026-10-21 00:32Use after free in Chromecast in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-113327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-20T22:19:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in Chromecast in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-m87q-xfcv-792v",
"modified": "2026-10-21T00:32:51Z",
"published": "2026-10-21T00:32:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-113327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_02018666648.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/513417142"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8F2-9282-X38V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2023-10-26 22:17Various form validation and form autocompletion methods in CloudBees CD Plugin lacked permission checks. This allowed attackers with Overall/Read access to obtain information about the configuration of CloudBees CD Plugin, as well as the configuration and data of connected ElectricFlow servers.
These form validation and autocompletion methods now require Overall/Administer or Job/Configure permission, as appropriate for the given method.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:electricflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T22:17:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-11T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Various form validation and form autocompletion methods in CloudBees CD Plugin lacked permission checks. This allowed attackers with Overall/Read access to obtain information about the configuration of CloudBees CD Plugin, as well as the configuration and data of connected ElectricFlow servers.\n\nThese form validation and autocompletion methods now require Overall/Administer or Job/Configure permission, as appropriate for the given method.",
"id": "GHSA-m8f2-9282-x38v",
"modified": "2023-10-26T22:17:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-06-11/#SECURITY-1410%20(2)"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227033720/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/06/11/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins ElectricFlow Plugin Missing permission checks"
}
GHSA-M8G6-75J7-XQ8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-11 09:30 – Updated: 2026-10-11 12:31The WeddingCity Lite WordPress plugin through 1.0.4 does not perform any authorisation or validity checks before deleting posts, pages and media attachments, allowing unauthenticated attackers to permanently delete arbitrary content site-wide.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-106029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-11T07:17:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WeddingCity Lite WordPress plugin through 1.0.4 does not perform any authorisation or validity checks before deleting posts, pages and media attachments, allowing unauthenticated attackers to permanently delete arbitrary content site-wide.",
"id": "GHSA-m8g6-75j7-xq8j",
"modified": "2026-10-11T12:31:06Z",
"published": "2026-10-11T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-106029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/7a08e8fd-9795-4aac-b023-5e75b741400b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8H9-57PJ-5PXV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Rara Business rara-business allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Rara Business: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in raratheme Rara Business rara-business allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Rara Business: from n/a through \u003c= 1.3.0.",
"id": "GHSA-m8h9-57pj-5pxv",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-03-13T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/rara-business/vulnerability/wordpress-rara-business-theme-1-3-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8HX-M8XM-2R63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Relevanssi – A Better Search plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the relevanssi_update_counts() function in all versions up to, and including, 4.22.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute expensive queries on the application that could lead into DOS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T19:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Relevanssi \u2013 A Better Search plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the relevanssi_update_counts() function in all versions up to, and including, 4.22.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute expensive queries on the application that could lead into DOS.",
"id": "GHSA-m8hx-m8xm-2r63",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:29Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T21:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/relevanssi/trunk/lib/admin-ajax.php#L443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3064304/relevanssi/tags/4.22.2/lib/admin-ajax.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e625130f-8e21-4baf-9d3c-4cbb806b9e52?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8J7-9XRH-WJJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-15 21:36 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP E-Signature Ninja Forms Signature Contract Add-On ninja-signature-contract-forms-add-on allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Ninja Forms Signature Contract Add-On: from n/a through 3.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-110378"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-15T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP E-Signature Ninja Forms Signature Contract Add-On ninja-signature-contract-forms-add-on allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Ninja Forms Signature Contract Add-On: from n/a through 3.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-m8j7-9xrh-wjj8",
"modified": "2026-10-15T21:36:02Z",
"published": "2026-10-15T21:36:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ninja-signature-contract-forms-add-on/vulnerability/wordpress-ninja-forms-signature-contract-add-on-plugin-3-2-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.