CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
20100 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M765-8M37-23H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:34In Contacts service, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-07T02:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Contacts service, there is a possible missing permission check.This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges",
"id": "GHSA-m765-8m37-23h9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:34:34Z",
"published": "2023-08-07T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1687281677639942145"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M767-RMV9-H3JG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Evergreen Content Poster.This issue affects Evergreen Content Poster: from n/a through 1.4.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T13:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Evergreen Content Poster.This issue affects Evergreen Content Poster: from n/a through 1.4.2.",
"id": "GHSA-m767-rmv9-h3jg",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:48Z",
"published": "2024-06-09T15:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/evergreen-content-poster/vulnerability/wordpress-evergreen-content-poster-plugin-1-4-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/evergreen-content-poster/wordpress-evergreen-content-poster-plugin-1-4-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M77P-6PX6-JVJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-06-19 15:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in ThimPress LearnPress.This issue affects LearnPress: from n/a through 4.2.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36515"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-19T15:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ThimPress LearnPress.This issue affects LearnPress: from n/a through 4.2.3.",
"id": "GHSA-m77p-6px6-jvj2",
"modified": "2024-06-19T15:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-06-19T15:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/learnpress/wordpress-learnpress-plugin-4-2-3-unauthenticated-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M786-RXFF-X32M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:33In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48444"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-476",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T06:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-m786-rxff-x32m",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:33:06Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1664822361414762498"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M78G-2M54-XFQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:34eQ-3 Homematic CCU2 and CCU3 use session IDs for authentication but lack authorization checks. Consequently, a valid guest level or user level account can create a new admin level account, read the service messages, clear the system protocol or modify/delete internal programs, etc. pp.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-06T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "eQ-3 Homematic CCU2 and CCU3 use session IDs for authentication but lack authorization checks. Consequently, a valid guest level or user level account can create a new admin level account, read the service messages, clear the system protocol or modify/delete internal programs, etc. pp.",
"id": "GHSA-m78g-2m54-xfqg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:34:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psytester.github.io/CVE-2019-14473"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M7G4-QV3H-G3H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-14 15:32novel-plus through 5.3.3 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the /sys/user/list endpoint that lacks proper permission annotations. Authenticated attackers can retrieve password hashes and personal data including email addresses and phone numbers for users within their data scope, enabling offline hash cracking and account takeover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-90939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T14:17:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "novel-plus through 5.3.3 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the /sys/user/list endpoint that lacks proper permission annotations. Authenticated attackers can retrieve password hashes and personal data including email addresses and phone numbers for users within their data scope, enabling offline hash cracking and account takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-m7g4-qv3h-g3h9",
"modified": "2026-09-14T15:32:47Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T15:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-90939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c3ee394657046ebd469e263532a350a60e930/novel-admin/src/main/java/com/java2nb/system/controller/SysUserController.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/blob/d63c3ee394657046ebd469e263532a350a60e930/novel-admin/src/main/resources/mybatis/system/UserMapper.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/201206030/novel-plus/releases/tag/v5.3.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LinYuanyi1/cve-request-poc/blob/master/novel-plus/poc-03-user-list-password-hash-disclosure.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/novel-plus-through-5.3.3-missing-authorization-on-the-admin-sys-user-list-endpoint"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M7GJ-J4FQ-3X93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Tiktok Feed b-tiktok-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tiktok Feed: from n/a through <= 1.0.22.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66110"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Tiktok Feed b-tiktok-feed allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tiktok Feed: from n/a through \u003c= 1.0.22.",
"id": "GHSA-m7gj-j4fq-3x93",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:57Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T15:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/b-tiktok-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-tiktok-feed-plugin-1-0-22-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/b-tiktok-feed/vulnerability/wordpress-tiktok-feed-plugin-1-0-22-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M7HJ-M974-FX49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 00:30The Smart Slider 3 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on multiple wp_ajax_smart-slider3 controller actions in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1.33. The display_admin_ajax() method does not call checkForCap() (which requires unfiltered_html capability), and several controller actions only validate the nonce (validateToken()) without calling validatePermission(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to enumerate slider metadata and create, modify, and delete image storage records by obtaining the nextend_nonce exposed on post editor pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T22:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Smart Slider 3 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access and modification of data due to missing capability checks on multiple wp_ajax_smart-slider3 controller actions in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1.33. The display_admin_ajax() method does not call checkForCap() (which requires unfiltered_html capability), and several controller actions only validate the nonce (validateToken()) without calling validatePermission(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to enumerate slider metadata and create, modify, and delete image storage records by obtaining the nextend_nonce exposed on post editor pages.",
"id": "GHSA-m7hj-m974-fx49",
"modified": "2026-04-08T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/Framework/Image/ControllerAjaxImage.php#L37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Application/Admin/Sliders/ControllerAjaxSliders.php#L26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/Admin/AdminHelper.php#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/tags/3.5.1.32/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/HelperTinyMCE.php#L30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-slider-3/trunk/Nextend/SmartSlider3/Platform/WordPress/Admin/AdminHelper.php#L155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3489689%40smart-slider-3%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3439582%40smart-slider-3%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/53a08b59-b7e0-419a-bfc3-528bcddb1ac2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M7JQ-35X5-2P74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-09 12:30 – Updated: 2025-06-05 15:31The Greenshift – animation and page builder blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Server-Side Request Forgery and Stored Cross Site Scripting in all versions up to, and including, 9.0.0 due to a missing capability check in the greenshift_download_file_localy function, along with no SSRF protection and sanitization on uploaded SVG files. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application that can also be leveraged to download malicious SVG files containing Cross-Site Scripting payloads to the server. On Cloud-based servers, attackers could retrieve the instance metadata. The issue was partially patched in version 8.9.9 and fully patched in version 9.0.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-09T11:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Greenshift \u2013 animation and page builder blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Server-Side Request Forgery and Stored Cross Site Scripting in all versions up to, and including, 9.0.0 due to a missing capability check in the greenshift_download_file_localy function, along with no SSRF protection and sanitization on uploaded SVG files. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application that can also be leveraged to download malicious SVG files containing Cross-Site Scripting payloads to the server. On Cloud-based servers, attackers could retrieve the instance metadata. The issue was partially patched in version 8.9.9 and fully patched in version 9.0.1.",
"id": "GHSA-m7jq-35x5-2p74",
"modified": "2025-06-05T15:31:20Z",
"published": "2025-01-09T12:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/greenshift-animation-and-page-builder-blocks/tags/8.9.8/settings.php#L1385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/fe3cfaf4-67c8-47af-bd58-e8ad27a03fae?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M7M2-VV7W-5553
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-11-08 15:31Craft CMS from 5.10.0 before 5.11.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privileged users to browse volumes they lack permissions for. Attackers can delete a linked asset and use the replacement volume browser modal to view directory structures of all volumes, though not file contents.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-124431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-08T14:18:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Craft CMS from 5.10.0 before 5.11.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated low-privileged users to browse volumes they lack permissions for. Attackers can delete a linked asset and use the replacement volume browser modal to view directory structures of all volumes, though not file contents.",
"id": "GHSA-m7m2-vv7w-5553",
"modified": "2026-11-08T15:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-11-08T15:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-hvp5-pwxx-2752"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-124431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/craft-cms-5.10.0-before-5.11.2-unauthorized-volume-browsing-via-asset-replacement"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.