Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14609 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-X39G-98HM-FRJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-02 12:32 – Updated: 2026-04-23 15:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in gVectors Team wpDiscuz allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects wpDiscuz: from n/a through 7.6.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45760"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-02T12:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in gVectors Team wpDiscuz allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects wpDiscuz: from n/a through 7.6.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-x39g-98hm-frjw",
  "modified": "2026-04-23T15:34:12Z",
  "published": "2025-01-02T12:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wpdiscuz/vulnerability/wordpress-wpdiscuz-plugin-7-6-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3C6-FV27-MXFC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in ERA404 StaffList allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects StaffList: from n/a through 3.2.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32232"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T16:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ERA404 StaffList allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects StaffList: from n/a through 3.2.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3c6-fv27-mxfc",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:32Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T18:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32232"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/stafflist/vulnerability/wordpress-stafflist-plugin-3-2-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3G7-VP73-J4GV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-17 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:34
VLAI
Details

The RepairBuddy – Repair Shop CRM & Booking Plugin for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference due to missing capability checks on the wc_upload_and_save_signature_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 4.1116. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload arbitrary signatures to any order in the system, potentially modifying order metadata and triggering unauthorized status changes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0820"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-17T04:16:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The RepairBuddy \u2013 Repair Shop CRM \u0026 Booking Plugin for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference due to missing capability checks on the wc_upload_and_save_signature_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 4.1116. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to upload arbitrary signatures to any order in the system, potentially modifying order metadata and triggering unauthorized status changes.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3g7-vp73-j4gv",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:34:02Z",
  "published": "2026-01-17T06:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/computer-repair-shop/tags/4.1116/lib/includes/classes/class-wcrb_signature.php#L562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/computer-repair-shop/trunk/lib/includes/classes/class-wcrb_signature.php#L562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3436356%40computer-repair-shop\u0026new=3436356%40computer-repair-shop\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1b2ad299-03b1-4b9e-a241-d2ad2d85c3ac?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3J5-X3H2-FRF6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in HashThemes Viral News, HashThemes Viral, HashThemes HashOne.This issue affects Viral News: from n/a through 1.4.5; Viral: from n/a through 1.8.0; HashOne: from n/a through 1.3.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33923"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T05:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in HashThemes Viral News, HashThemes Viral, HashThemes HashOne.This issue affects Viral News: from n/a through 1.4.5; Viral: from n/a through 1.8.0; HashOne: from n/a through 1.3.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3j5-x3h2-frf6",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:11Z",
  "published": "2024-03-25T06:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33923"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/hashone/wordpress-hashone-theme-1-3-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/viral-news/wordpress-viral-news-theme-1-4-5-authenticated-arbitrary-plugin-activation-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/viral/wordpress-viral-theme-1-8-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3JX-5W6M-Q2FC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-18 17:43 – Updated: 2025-02-28 17:43
VLAI
Summary
Mautic vulnerable to Improper Access Control in UI upgrade process
Details

Impact

The logic in place to facilitate the update process via the user interface lacks access control to verify if permission exists to perform the tasks. Prior to this patch being applied it might be possible for an attacker to access the Mautic version number or to execute parts of the upgrade process without permission. As upgrading in the user interface is deprecated, this functionality is no longer required.

Patches

Upgrade to 4.4.13 or 5.1.1 or later.

Workarounds

None.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at security@mautic.org

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core-lib"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.1.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.4.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core-lib"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0-alpha"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.1.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.4.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mautic/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0-alpha"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25768"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-18T17:43:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T21:15:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe logic in place to facilitate the update process via the user interface lacks access control to verify if permission exists to perform the tasks. Prior to this patch being applied it might be possible for an attacker to access the Mautic version number or to execute parts of the upgrade process without permission. As upgrading in the user interface is deprecated, this functionality is no longer required.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to 4.4.13 or 5.1.1 or later.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [security@mautic.org](mailto:security@mautic.org)",
  "id": "GHSA-x3jx-5w6m-q2fc",
  "modified": "2025-02-28T17:43:16Z",
  "published": "2024-09-18T17:43:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/security/advisories/GHSA-x3jx-5w6m-q2fc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25768"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/commit/89f964d06f00688016b38a56dfd9e95fc676c7ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic/commit/925aeee7d3dbb6ca67f92d9dc5893d99250f739b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mautic/mautic"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mautic vulnerable to Improper Access Control in UI upgrade process"
}

GHSA-X3P9-C74W-J5MX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:24 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:24
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R8. An authenticated attacker can access the admin page console via the end-user web interface because of a rewrite.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-07-28T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R8. An authenticated attacker can access the admin page console via the end-user web interface because of a rewrite.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3p9-c74w-j5mx",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:24:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:24:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/?atype=sa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44516"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-X3PG-6RRQ-FCP9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP Socio WP Telegram Widget and Join Link wptelegram-widget allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Telegram Widget and Join Link: from n/a through <= 2.2.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68589"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T13:16:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WP Socio WP Telegram Widget and Join Link wptelegram-widget allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Telegram Widget and Join Link: from n/a through \u003c= 2.2.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3pg-6rrq-fcp9",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:40Z",
  "published": "2025-12-24T15:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68589"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wptelegram-widget/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-telegram-widget-and-join-link-plugin-2-2-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wptelegram-widget/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-telegram-widget-and-join-link-plugin-2-2-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3Q8-8R5Q-XRQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-06-12 09:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in BulkGate BulkGate SMS Plugin for WooCommerce.This issue affects BulkGate SMS Plugin for WooCommerce: from n/a through 3.0.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-51679"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-12T09:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BulkGate BulkGate SMS Plugin for WooCommerce.This issue affects BulkGate SMS Plugin for WooCommerce: from n/a through 3.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3q8-8r5q-xrq8",
  "modified": "2024-06-12T09:30:48Z",
  "published": "2024-06-12T09:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51679"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woosms-sms-module-for-woocommerce/wordpress-bulkgate-sms-plugin-for-woocommerce-plugin-3-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3QQ-F5PH-GWV5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Blokhaus Minterpress allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Minterpress: from n/a through 1.0.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23529"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T15:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Blokhaus Minterpress allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs. This issue affects Minterpress: from n/a through 1.0.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3qq-f5ph-gwv5",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:29Z",
  "published": "2025-01-27T15:30:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23529"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/minterpress/vulnerability/wordpress-minterpress-plugin-1-0-5-arbitrary-content-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X3R4-5HF3-CXGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-08 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tyche Softwares Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce, Tyche Softwares Arconix Shortcodes, Tyche Softwares Arconix FAQ.This issue affects Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.8.1; Arconix Shortcodes: from n/a through 2.1.10; Arconix FAQ: from n/a through 1.9.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4233"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-08T14:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Tyche Softwares Print Invoice \u0026 Delivery Notes for WooCommerce, Tyche Softwares Arconix Shortcodes, Tyche Softwares Arconix FAQ.This issue affects Print Invoice \u0026 Delivery Notes for WooCommerce: from n/a through 4.8.1; Arconix Shortcodes: from n/a through 2.1.10; Arconix FAQ: from n/a through 1.9.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-x3r4-5hf3-cxgc",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:06Z",
  "published": "2024-05-08T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4233"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/arconix-faq/wordpress-arconix-faq-plugin-1-9-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/arconix-shortcodes/wordpress-arconix-shortcodes-plugin-2-1-10-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-delivery-notes/wordpress-print-invoice-delivery-notes-for-woocommerce-plugin-4-8-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.