Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14602 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WQ2R-VX5G-9WM4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 21:30
VLAI
Details

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to read files from another user due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48591"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to read files from another user due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq2r-vx5g-9wm4",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48591"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/3df02a7df8488e04e31ae1d9d081ed1b881dd6ad"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/services/Mms/+/43ca1053f0a09b6fd1503caaecb62967a497b554"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ4V-VX3P-7825

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Etruel Developments LLC WP Delete Post Copies allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Delete Post Copies: from n/a through 5.5.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-22541"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T16:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Etruel Developments LLC WP Delete Post Copies allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Delete Post Copies: from n/a through 5.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq4v-vx3p-7825",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:04Z",
  "published": "2025-01-07T18:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22541"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/etruel-del-post-copies/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-delete-post-copies-plugin-5-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ54-HCF6-3Q6H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-13 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'ays_survey_show_results' AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.9.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view all survey submissions.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12891"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T05:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027ays_survey_show_results\u0027 AJAX endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.9.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view all survey submissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq54-hcf6-3q6h",
  "modified": "2025-11-13T06:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-11-13T06:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3394078/survey-maker/tags/5.1.9.5/admin/class-survey-maker-admin.php?old=3389474\u0026old_path=survey-maker%2Ftags%2F5.1.9.4%2Fadmin%2Fclass-survey-maker-admin.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/835353e7-871d-4daf-9ed4-86321daf2366?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ58-2PVG-5H4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 19:00 – Updated: 2026-04-10 17:27
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Gateway agent /reset exposes admin session reset to operator.write callers
Details

Summary

Before v2026.3.23, the Gateway agent RPC accepted /reset and /new for callers with only operator.write, even though the direct sessions.reset RPC correctly requires operator.admin.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected: < 2026.3.23
  • Fixed: >= 2026.3.23
  • Latest released tag checked: v2026.3.23-2 (630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87)
  • Latest published npm version checked: 2026.3.23-2

Root Cause

The vulnerable path lived in src/gateway/server-methods/agent.ts. A /reset or /new message with an explicit sessionKey reached performGatewaySessionReset(...) without enforcing the same operator.admin guard used by sessions.reset.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 50f6a2f136fed85b58548a38f7a3dbb98d2cd1a0 — fix(gateway): require admin for agent session reset

Release Status

The fix commit is contained in released tags v2026.3.23 and v2026.3.23-2. The latest shipped tag and npm release both include the fix.

Code-Level Confirmation

  • src/gateway/server-methods/agent.ts now rejects /reset and /new for callers that do not have operator.admin before calling performGatewaySessionReset(...).
  • src/gateway/server-methods/agent.test.ts contains the regression test rejects /reset for write-scoped gateway callers.

Thanks @smaeljaish771 for reporting.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.23"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35660"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T19:00:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nBefore `v2026.3.23`, the Gateway `agent` RPC accepted `/reset` and `/new` for callers with only `operator.write`, even though the direct `sessions.reset` RPC correctly requires `operator.admin`.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c 2026.3.23`\n- Fixed: `\u003e= 2026.3.23`\n- Latest released tag checked: `v2026.3.23-2` (`630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87`)\n- Latest published npm version checked: `2026.3.23-2`\n\n## Root Cause\nThe vulnerable path lived in `src/gateway/server-methods/agent.ts`. A `/reset` or `/new` message with an explicit `sessionKey` reached `performGatewaySessionReset(...)` without enforcing the same `operator.admin` guard used by `sessions.reset`.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `50f6a2f136fed85b58548a38f7a3dbb98d2cd1a0` \u2014 `fix(gateway): require admin for agent session reset`\n\n## Release Status\nThe fix commit is contained in released tags `v2026.3.23` and `v2026.3.23-2`. The latest shipped tag and npm release both include the fix.\n\n## Code-Level Confirmation\n- `src/gateway/server-methods/agent.ts` now rejects `/reset` and `/new` for callers that do not have `operator.admin` before calling `performGatewaySessionReset(...)`.\n- `src/gateway/server-methods/agent.test.ts` contains the regression test `rejects /reset for write-scoped gateway callers`.\n\nThanks @smaeljaish771 for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq58-2pvg-5h4f",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T17:27:04Z",
  "published": "2026-03-26T19:00:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-wq58-2pvg-5h4f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/50f6a2f136fed85b58548a38f7a3dbb98d2cd1a0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Gateway agent /reset exposes admin session reset to operator.write callers"
}

GHSA-WQ59-M22J-V4P5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-02-13 06:30
VLAI
Details

SAP Master Data Governance for Material Data - versions 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, does not perform necessary authorization check for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This could allow an attacker to read some sensitive information but no impact to integrity and availability.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24741"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T04:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Master Data Governance for Material Data - versions 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, does not perform necessary authorization check for an authenticated user, resulting in escalation of privileges. This could allow an attacker to read some sensitive information but no impact to integrity and availability.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-wq59-m22j-v4p5",
  "modified": "2024-02-13T06:30:28Z",
  "published": "2024-02-13T06:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/2897391"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ63-C47M-8CF5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to access protected user data.

Severity
4.0 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43331"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T23:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A downgrade issue was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to access protected user data.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq63-c47m-8cf5",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:32Z",
  "published": "2025-09-16T00:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43331"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ67-359W-GV3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in MantraBrain Ultimate Watermark allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Ultimate Watermark: from n/a through 1.1.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-57985"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:15:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in MantraBrain Ultimate Watermark allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Ultimate Watermark: from n/a through 1.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq67-359w-gv3w",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:12Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57985"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ultimate-watermark/vulnerability/wordpress-ultimate-watermark-plugin-1-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ6V-6PCM-FP8R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Logger for Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Logger for Elementor: from n/a through 1.0.9.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66146"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T20:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Logger for Elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Logger for Elementor: from n/a through 1.0.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq6v-6pcm-fp8r",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:31Z",
  "published": "2025-12-31T21:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66146"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/logger-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-logger-for-elementor-plugin-1-0-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/logger-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-logger-for-elementor-plugin-1-0-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ78-VXP9-QCFF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-02 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sekander Badsha Crew HRM allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.

This issue affects Crew HRM: from n/a through 1.2.2.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27351"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T14:16:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sekander Badsha Crew HRM allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects Crew HRM: from n/a through 1.2.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq78-vxp9-qcff",
  "modified": "2026-06-02T15:32:12Z",
  "published": "2026-06-02T15:32:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27351"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/hr-management/vulnerability/wordpress-crew-hrm-plugin-1-2-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQ8G-F6R3-3M8C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-08 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the ajax_clone_folder function in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke this function and perform actions intended for administrators such as modifying the folder structure maintained by the plugin.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0715"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-08T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the ajax_clone_folder function in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke this function and perform actions intended for administrators such as modifying the folder structure maintained by the plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-wq8g-f6r3-3m8c",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:31:48Z",
  "published": "2023-02-08T03:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0715"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wicked-folders/tags/2.18.16/lib/class-wicked-folders-ajax.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2860994%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2805161%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c3728280-3487-4cb2-8e37-f33811bc0a22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c3728280-3487-4cb2-8e37-f33811bc0a22?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

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