Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14622 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-V53J-JCC3-2P22

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17
VLAI
Details

Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme vulnerability in Nike App for Android versions prior to 2.177 and Nike App for iOS versions prior to 2.177.1 allows a remote attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20834"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-13T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper authorization in handler for custom URL scheme vulnerability in Nike App for Android versions prior to 2.177 and Nike App for iOS versions prior to 2.177.1 allows a remote attacker to lead a user to access an arbitrary website via the vulnerable App.",
  "id": "GHSA-v53j-jcc3-2p22",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:17:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20834"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://apps.apple.com/app/nike/id1095459556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN89126639/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nike.omega"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V549-7PM5-F8QR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-29 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:54
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin is missing a permissions check
Details

Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin 0.4 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:publish-to-bitbucket"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64148"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-29T22:10:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-29T14:15:59Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin 0.4 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-v549-7pm5-f8qr",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:54:36Z",
  "published": "2025-10-29T15:31:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64148"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/publish-to-bitbucket-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-10-29/#SECURITY-3570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/29/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin is missing a permissions check"
}

GHSA-V549-XX3C-6PC8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 09:31 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:01
VLAI
Summary
Mattermost doesn't check the create_post channel permission during post edit operations
Details

Mattermost versions 11.5.x <= 11.5.1, 10.11.x <= 10.11.13, 11.4.x <= 11.4.3 fail to check the create_post channel permission during post edit operations which allows an authenticated attacker with revoked posting privileges to modify their existing posts via direct API requests to the post update and patch endpoints.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00627

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.11.14"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.4.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.0-20260316171743-090408f09f53"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "11.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.5.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.2-0.20260316171743-090408f09f53"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-01T14:41:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-18T08:16:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost versions 11.5.x \u003c= 11.5.1, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.13, 11.4.x \u003c= 11.4.3 fail to check the create_post channel permission during post edit operations which allows an authenticated attacker with revoked posting privileges to modify their existing posts via direct API requests to the post update and patch endpoints.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00627",
  "id": "GHSA-v549-xx3c-6pc8",
  "modified": "2026-06-01T15:01:47Z",
  "published": "2026-05-18T09:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/090408f09f53ffc9afc6c65c7c7c1fd3a8cd22f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mattermost doesn\u0027t check the create_post channel permission during post edit operations"
}

GHSA-V584-FCHC-CCV3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 06:32 – Updated: 2025-01-07 06:32
VLAI
Details

The Spacer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the motech_spacer_callback() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view limited setting information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10527"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T05:15:09Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "The Spacer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the motech_spacer_callback() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to view limited setting information.",
  "id": "GHSA-v584-fchc-ccv3",
  "modified": "2025-01-07T06:32:14Z",
  "published": "2025-01-07T06:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10527"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/spacer/tags/3.0.7/index.php#L85"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/112ece28-27ac-4d3c-b302-7acab43390fb?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V59G-PMPC-VMVG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in OntheGoSystems qTranslate X Cleanup and WPML Import allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects qTranslate X Cleanup and WPML Import: from n/a through 3.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29431"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in OntheGoSystems qTranslate X Cleanup and WPML Import allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects qTranslate X Cleanup and WPML Import: from n/a through 3.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-v59g-pmpc-vmvg",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:17Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29431"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/qtranslate-to-wpml-export/vulnerability/wordpress-qtranslate-x-cleanup-and-wpml-import-plugin-3-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V5C7-JPR2-45F7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:41
VLAI
Details

The Access Control plugin in eProsima Fast RTPS through 1.9.0 does not check partition permissions from remote participant connections, which can lead to policy bypass for a secure Data Distribution Service (DDS) partition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-15136"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-18T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Access Control plugin in eProsima Fast RTPS through 1.9.0 does not check partition permissions from remote participant connections, which can lead to policy bypass for a secure Data Distribution Service (DDS) partition.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5c7-jpr2-45f7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:41:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:53:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eProsima/Fast-RTPS/issues/443"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05310"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V5C8-894R-MXM7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Zorem Sales Report Email for WooCommerce.This issue affects Sales Report Email for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38141"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-17T16:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Zorem Sales Report Email for WooCommerce.This issue affects Sales Report Email for WooCommerce: from n/a through 2.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5c8-894r-mxm7",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:48Z",
  "published": "2024-01-17T18:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woo-advanced-sales-report-email/wordpress-sales-report-email-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-8-auth-test-email-submission-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V5CV-J9QW-9F6C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-12-22 21:30
VLAI
Details

Redpanda before 23.1.21 and 23.2.x before 23.2.18 has missing authorization checks in the Transactions API.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50976"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-18T00:15:11Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Redpanda before 23.1.21 and 23.2.x before 23.2.18 has missing authorization checks in the Transactions API.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5cv-j9qw-9f6c",
  "modified": "2023-12-22T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2023-12-18T00:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50976"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/issues/15048"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/14969"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/15060"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/compare/v23.1.20...v23.1.21"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/compare/v23.2.17...v23.2.18"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V5FM-HR72-27HX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-20 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-05 15:34
VLAI
Summary
Nomad Search API Leaks Information About CSI Plugins
Details

A vulnerability was identified in Nomad such that the search HTTP API can reveal names of available CSI plugins to unauthenticated users or users without the plugin:read policy. This vulnerability, CVE-2023-3300, affects Nomad since 0.11 and was fixed in 1.6.0, 1.5.7, and 1.4.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/nomad"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/nomad"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3300"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-266",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-01T19:17:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-20T00:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was identified in Nomad such that the search HTTP API can reveal names of available CSI plugins to unauthenticated users or users without the plugin:read policy. This vulnerability, CVE-2023-3300, affects Nomad since 0.11 and was fixed in 1.6.0, 1.5.7, and 1.4.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5fm-hr72-27hx",
  "modified": "2024-04-05T15:34:59Z",
  "published": "2023-07-20T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/commit/a8789d3872bbf1b1f420f28b0f7ad8532a41d5e3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-22-nomad-search-api-leaks-information-about-csi-plugins/56272"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2671"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nomad Search API Leaks Information About CSI Plugins"
}

GHSA-V5FW-6VXQ-8M9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-03 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-03 06:31
VLAI
Details

The Everest Backup – WordPress Cloud Backup, Migration, Restore & Cloning Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the process_status_unlink() function in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.8. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete the back-up progress files and cause a back-up to fail while it is in progress.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-10304"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-03T04:15:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Everest Backup \u2013 WordPress Cloud Backup, Migration, Restore \u0026 Cloning Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access due to a missing capability check on the process_status_unlink() function in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.8. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete the back-up progress files and cause a back-up to fail while it is in progress.",
  "id": "GHSA-v5fw-6vxq-8m9q",
  "modified": "2025-12-03T06:31:15Z",
  "published": "2025-12-03T06:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10304"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3400800%40everest-backup\u0026new=3400800%40everest-backup\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f7d7c619-7dc0-47a5-a203-6df4dfa0158b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.