Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Weakness Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Property: Missing
  • Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate

Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-285 · View CWE-1000
  • Behavior-Property: Improper
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
  • Behavior-Property: Improper
  • Behavior-Type: Access Control
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.

Implementation

A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.

Operation
Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.

Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.

Effectiveness: Limited

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.

Manual Analysis

This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.

Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.

Effectiveness: Moderate

These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.

Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Host Application Interface Scanner

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Terminology

Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.

Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-05-24 · CWE 1.13
Contribution: "Mapping CWE to 62443" Sub-Working Group · CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT SIG · 2023-04-25 · CWE 4.11

Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.16

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-02-18 · CWE 2.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-01-19 · CWE 2.10

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

19863 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-8CQ7-M6J9-QW55

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sharaz Shahid Simple Sticky Add To Cart For WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Simple Sticky Add To Cart For WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.4.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31854"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T15:16:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Sharaz Shahid Simple Sticky Add To Cart For WooCommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Simple Sticky Add To Cart For WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.4.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-8cq7-m6j9-qw55",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:22Z",
  "published": "2025-04-01T15:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31854"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/sticky-add-to-cart-woo/vulnerability/wordpress-simple-sticky-add-to-cart-for-woocommerce-plugin-1-4-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8CQM-XP6W-W8HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-03 06:31 – Updated: 2026-11-03 06:31
VLAI
Details

The WP Compress – Instant Performance & Speed Optimization plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 7.22.01. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to link the victim site to an attacker-controlled WP Compress account, overwrite plugin settings to an aggressive live-CDN preset, and gain the shared api_key that authenticates all nopriv HMAC-gated endpoints — enabling full control over cache purging, file deletion, opcode cache invalidation, and other privileged plugin operations. This vulnerability only affects fresh installations or lite/free-mode installs where no api_key is already stored, as the sole guard fails open when the stored key is absent.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-120551"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-11-03T05:18:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Compress \u2013 Instant Performance \u0026 Speed Optimization plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 7.22.01. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to link the victim site to an attacker-controlled WP Compress account, overwrite plugin settings to an aggressive live-CDN preset, and gain the shared api_key that authenticates all nopriv HMAC-gated endpoints \u2014 enabling full control over cache purging, file deletion, opcode cache invalidation, and other privileged plugin operations. This vulnerability only affects fresh installations or lite/free-mode installs where no api_key is already stored, as the sole guard fails open when the stored key is absent.",
  "id": "GHSA-8cqm-xp6w-w8hf",
  "modified": "2026-11-03T06:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-11-03T06:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-120551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-compress-image-optimizer/tags/7.21.27/classes/connect.class.php#L103"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-compress-image-optimizer/tags/7.21.27/classes/mainwp.class.php#L29"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-compress-image-optimizer/tags/7.21.27/classes/mainwp.class.php#L9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3680035%40wp-compress-image-optimizer\u0026new=3680035%40wp-compress-image-optimizer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/42d4ec8b-d3ed-4aa3-a8b9-cddaf64a7531?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8CVG-RXFW-4PF6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

Checkmate through 3.11.0 omits the isAllowed role guard middleware on maintenance-window, notification, and check-deletion routes, allowing read-only users to perform administrative actions. Attackers with user-role sessions can create arbitrary maintenance windows to silence alerts, modify notification channels, and delete monitor check history to erase incident evidence.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85390"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-03T19:17:30Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Checkmate through 3.11.0 omits the isAllowed role guard middleware on maintenance-window, notification, and check-deletion routes, allowing read-only users to perform administrative actions. Attackers with user-role sessions can create arbitrary maintenance windows to silence alerts, modify notification channels, and delete monitor check history to erase incident evidence.",
  "id": "GHSA-8cvg-rxfw-4pf6",
  "modified": "2026-09-03T21:31:15Z",
  "published": "2026-09-03T21:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85390"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bluewave-labs/Checkmate/issues/3916"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bluewave-labs/Checkmate"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bluewave-labs/Checkmate/blob/v3.11.0/server/src/api/routes/checkRoutes.ts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bluewave-labs/Checkmate/blob/v3.11.0/server/src/api/routes/maintenanceWindowRoutes.ts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bluewave-labs/Checkmate/blob/v3.11.0/server/src/api/routes/notificationRoutes.ts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/checkmate-through-3.11.0-missing-authorization-on-maintenance-window-notification-and-check-deletion-routes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8CW5-2QQR-3XVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Eugen Bobrowski Debug Tool allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Debug Tool: from n/a through 2.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23684"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T15:15:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Eugen Bobrowski Debug Tool allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Debug Tool: from n/a through 2.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-8cw5-2qqr-3xvc",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:21Z",
  "published": "2025-01-22T15:32:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23684"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/debug-tool/vulnerability/wordpress-debug-tool-plugin-2-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8CW5-9CWW-C669

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-06-09 09:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Pluggabl LLC Booster Plus for WooCommerce.This issue affects Booster Plus for WooCommerce: from n/a before 7.1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-52232"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T09:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Pluggabl LLC Booster Plus for WooCommerce.This issue affects Booster Plus for WooCommerce: from n/a before 7.1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-8cw5-9cww-c669",
  "modified": "2024-06-09T09:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-06-09T09:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52232"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/booster-plus-for-woocommerce/wordpress-booster-plus-for-woocommerce-plugin-7-1-2-authenticated-arbitrary-post-page-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8CW6-53M5-4932

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-27 22:13 – Updated: 2026-01-29 03:43
VLAI
Summary
StudioCMS has Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Details

Summary

StudioCMS contains a Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) vulnerability in the Content Management feature that allows users with the "Visitor" role to access draft content created by Editor/Admin/Owner users.

Details

The Issue: The endpoint /dashboard/content-management/edit?edit={UUID} validates user authentication but does NOT validate: 1. User role (should require Editor/Admin/Owner) 2. Content ownership (should verify the draft belongs to the user)

This allows users with "Visitor" role (lowest privilege) to access draft content created by Editor/Admin/Owner users by directly accessing the edit URL with the content UUID.

PoC

  • User A: Editor role (example username: dummy04)
  • User B: Visitor role (example username: dummy01)

Reproduction Steps:

Step 1 - Create draft as Editor:

  1. Login as User A (Editor role)
  2. Navigate to: http://localhost:4321/dashboard/content-management
  3. Create new content (it will stay as draft)
  4. After saving, note the UUID in the URL:
   http://localhost:4321/dashboard/content-management/edit?edit=bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148

Copy this UUID: bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148

Step 2 - Access draft as Visitor:

  1. Login as Visitor and get auth_session cookie
curl -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:4321/studiocms_api/auth/login" -F 'username=dummy01' -F 'password=dummy01pass$'

01

  1. Proof of Visitor permission 02

  2. Access Editor's draft using the UUID

curl "http://127.0.0.1:4321/dashboard/content-management/edit?edit=bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148" -H "Cookie: auth_session=qvawh6zv23hc2spu6xx7pzgrnn4rpd3q" -v

Result: Returns full HTML page with draft content (200 OK)

Impact

Impact Scenarios:

  1. Information Disclosure:
  2. Visitor users can read unpublished drafts containing sensitive information
  3. Drafts may contain confidential business information, unreleased announcements, or proprietary content
  4. Competitive intelligence could be gathered from draft content

  5. Privacy Violation:

  6. Personal notes, work-in-progress content, or internal communications in drafts exposed
  7. Violation of content creator privacy expectations

  8. Business Impact:

  9. Premature disclosure of marketing campaigns, product launches, or announcements
  10. Loss of competitive advantage if draft strategies are exposed
  11. Potential compliance issues if drafts contain regulated information

  12. Complete RBAC Bypass:

  13. The entire role-based access control system for draft content is bypassed
  14. "Visitor" role becomes equivalent to "Editor" for read access to drafts
  15. Undermines the trust model of multi-user content management
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "studiocms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24134"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-27T22:13:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T00:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nStudioCMS contains a Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) vulnerability in the Content Management feature that allows users with the \"Visitor\" role to access draft content created by Editor/Admin/Owner users.\n\n### Details\n**The Issue:**\nThe endpoint `/dashboard/content-management/edit?edit={UUID}` validates user authentication but does NOT validate:\n1. User role (should require Editor/Admin/Owner)\n2. Content ownership (should verify the draft belongs to the user)\n\nThis allows users with \"Visitor\" role (lowest privilege) to access draft content created by Editor/Admin/Owner users by directly accessing the edit URL with the content UUID.\n\n### PoC\n   - **User A:** Editor role (example username: `dummy04`)\n   - **User B:** Visitor role (example username: `dummy01`)\n\n**Reproduction Steps:**\n\n**Step 1 - Create draft as Editor:**\n\n1. Login as User A (Editor role)\n2. Navigate to: `http://localhost:4321/dashboard/content-management`\n3. Create new content (it will stay as draft)\n4. After saving, note the UUID in the URL:\n````\n   http://localhost:4321/dashboard/content-management/edit?edit=bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148\n````\n   Copy this UUID: `bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148`\n\n**Step 2 - Access draft as Visitor:**\n\n1. Login as Visitor and get auth_session cookie\n```\ncurl -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1:4321/studiocms_api/auth/login\" -F \u0027username=dummy01\u0027 -F \u0027password=dummy01pass$\u0027\n```\n\u003cimg width=\"1128\" height=\"376\" alt=\"01\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/86c5290e-e7a2-470e-bbf5-5f5247eddec1\" /\u003e\n\n2. Proof of Visitor permission\n\u003cimg width=\"1899\" height=\"450\" alt=\"02\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/aabd47d3-163f-4a56-8296-08bd40c5ccdc\" /\u003e\n\n3. Access Editor\u0027s draft using the UUID\n```\ncurl \"http://127.0.0.1:4321/dashboard/content-management/edit?edit=bad87630-69a4-4cd6-bcb2-6965839dc148\" -H \"Cookie: auth_session=qvawh6zv23hc2spu6xx7pzgrnn4rpd3q\" -v\n```\n\n**Result:** Returns full HTML page with draft content (200 OK)\n\n### Impact\n**Impact Scenarios:**\n\n1. **Information Disclosure:**\n   - Visitor users can read unpublished drafts containing sensitive information\n   - Drafts may contain confidential business information, unreleased announcements, or proprietary content\n   - Competitive intelligence could be gathered from draft content\n\n2. **Privacy Violation:**\n   - Personal notes, work-in-progress content, or internal communications in drafts exposed\n   - Violation of content creator privacy expectations\n\n3. **Business Impact:**\n   - Premature disclosure of marketing campaigns, product launches, or announcements\n   - Loss of competitive advantage if draft strategies are exposed\n   - Potential compliance issues if drafts contain regulated information\n\n4. **Complete RBAC Bypass:**\n   - The entire role-based access control system for draft content is bypassed\n   - \"Visitor\" role becomes equivalent to \"Editor\" for read access to drafts\n   - Undermines the trust model of multi-user content management",
  "id": "GHSA-8cw6-53m5-4932",
  "modified": "2026-01-29T03:43:54Z",
  "published": "2026-01-27T22:13:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withstudiocms/studiocms/security/advisories/GHSA-8cw6-53m5-4932"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24134"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withstudiocms/studiocms/commit/efc10bee20db090fdd75463622c30dda390c50ad"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/withstudiocms/studiocms"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withstudiocms/studiocms/releases/tag/studiocms%400.2.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "StudioCMS has Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key"
}

GHSA-8F29-7CMC-83VW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-29 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Five Star Plugins Five Star Restaurant Reservations.This issue affects Five Star Restaurant Reservations: from n/a through 2.6.16.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33596"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-29T09:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Five Star Plugins Five Star Restaurant Reservations.This issue affects Five Star Restaurant Reservations: from n/a through 2.6.16.",
  "id": "GHSA-8f29-7cmc-83vw",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:00Z",
  "published": "2024-04-29T09:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33596"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/restaurant-reservations/wordpress-five-star-restaurant-reservations-plugin-2-6-16-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8F38-9X5M-GX9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Reservation Diary ReDi Restaurant Reservation allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ReDi Restaurant Reservation: from n/a through 23.0211.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-36510"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Reservation Diary ReDi Restaurant Reservation allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ReDi Restaurant Reservation: from n/a through 23.0211.",
  "id": "GHSA-8f38-9x5m-gx9w",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:23Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36510"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/redi-restaurant-reservation/vulnerability/wordpress-redi-restaurant-reservation-plugin-23-0211-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8F3J-G8VX-2HGJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Prasad Kirpekar WP Free SSL – Free SSL Certificate for WordPress and force HTTPS allows .

This issue affects WP Free SSL – Free SSL Certificate for WordPress and force HTTPS: from n/a through 1.2.6.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-44020"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Prasad Kirpekar WP Free SSL \u2013 Free SSL Certificate for WordPress and force HTTPS allows .\n\nThis issue affects WP Free SSL \u2013 Free SSL Certificate for WordPress and force HTTPS: from n/a through 1.2.6.",
  "id": "GHSA-8f3j-g8vx-2hgj",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:16Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-free-ssl/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-free-ssl-plugin-1-2-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-free-ssl/wordpress-wp-free-ssl-plugin-1-2-6-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8F3X-4QGM-MMJV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-29 12:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins 3D viewer – Embed 3D Models 3d-viewer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects 3D viewer – Embed 3D Models: from n/a through <= 1.8.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T11:16:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins 3D viewer \u2013 Embed 3D Models 3d-viewer allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects 3D viewer \u2013 Embed 3D Models: from n/a through \u003c= 1.8.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-8f3x-4qgm-mmjv",
  "modified": "2026-04-29T12:33:06Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T15:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/3d-viewer/vulnerability/wordpress-3d-viewer-embed-3d-models-plugin-1-8-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.