Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14874 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-JR69-25XG-96X8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bowo Variable Inspector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Variable Inspector: from n/a through 2.6.3.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32229"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T16:15:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bowo Variable Inspector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Variable Inspector: from n/a through 2.6.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-jr69-25xg-96x8",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:32Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T18:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/variable-inspector/vulnerability/wordpress-variable-inspector-plugin-2-6-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JR6G-H572-57HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Product Hub accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21252"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Product Hub accessible data as well as  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-jr6g-h572-57hf",
  "modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
  "published": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21252"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JR6X-2Q95-FH2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 21:59 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:59
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's authorization mismatch allowed write-scope agent runs to reach owner-only tools
Details

Summary

An authorization mismatch allowed authenticated callers with operator.write access to invoke owner-only tool surfaces (gateway, cron) through agent runs in scoped-token deployments.

Impact

On affected deployments, write-scoped callers could perform control-plane actions beyond intended write scope.

Fix

Owner-only gating is now enforced consistently for owner-only tool surfaces during agent execution, and tool scope classification was tightened to remove the privilege mismatch.

Affected and Patched Versions

  • Affected: <= 2026.2.26
  • Patched: 2026.3.1
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn authorization mismatch allowed authenticated callers with `operator.write` access to invoke owner-only tool surfaces (`gateway`, `cron`) through `agent` runs in scoped-token deployments.\n\n### Impact\nOn affected deployments, write-scoped callers could perform control-plane actions beyond intended write scope.\n\n### Fix\nOwner-only gating is now enforced consistently for owner-only tool surfaces during agent execution, and tool scope classification was tightened to remove the privilege mismatch.\n\n### Affected and Patched Versions\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.26`\n- Patched: `2026.3.1`",
  "id": "GHSA-jr6x-2q95-fh2g",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jr6x-2q95-fh2g"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s authorization mismatch allowed write-scope agent runs to reach owner-only tools"
}

GHSA-JR7P-69VW-FWHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The JetBackup – WP Backup, Migrate & Restore plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized back-up location changes in versions up to, and including 1.4.1 due to a lack of proper capability checking on the backup_guard_cloud_dropbox, backup_guard_cloud_gdrive, and backup_guard_cloud_oneDrive functions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber to change to location of back-ups and potentially steal sensitive information from them.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36667"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The JetBackup \u2013 WP Backup, Migrate \u0026 Restore plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized back-up location changes in versions up to, and including 1.4.1 due to a lack of proper capability checking on the backup_guard_cloud_dropbox, backup_guard_cloud_gdrive, and backup_guard_cloud_oneDrive functions. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber to change to location of back-ups and potentially steal sensitive information from them.",
  "id": "GHSA-jr7p-69vw-fwhf",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:02Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T19:24:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36667"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2348984%40backup\u0026new=2348984%40backup\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/59532447-1d74-4d34-85f5-d89b65a001d8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/59532447-1d74-4d34-85f5-d89b65a001d8?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JR86-6J4J-MV45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-21 17:52
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Assembla merge request builder Plugin missing authentication to access endpoint
Details

Jenkins Assembla merge request builder Plugin provides a webhook endpoint at /assembla-webhook/ that can be used to trigger builds of jobs configured to use a specified repository.

In Assembla merge request builder Plugin 1.1.13 and earlier, this endpoint can be accessed without authentication. This allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger builds of jobs corresponding to the attacker-specified repository.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:assembla-merge-request-builder"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.1.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30521"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-12T22:18:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-12T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Assembla merge request builder Plugin provides a webhook endpoint at `/assembla-webhook/` that can be used to trigger builds of jobs configured to use a specified repository.\n\nIn Assembla merge request builder Plugin 1.1.13 and earlier, this endpoint can be accessed without authentication. This allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger builds of jobs corresponding to the attacker-specified repository.",
  "id": "GHSA-jr86-6j4j-mv45",
  "modified": "2023-04-21T17:52:22Z",
  "published": "2023-04-12T18:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30521"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-04-12/#SECURITY-2872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/13/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Assembla merge request builder Plugin missing authentication to access endpoint"
}

GHSA-JR92-G569-92J2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26, visionOS 26. A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43316"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T23:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26, visionOS 26. A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-jr92-g569-92j2",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:31Z",
  "published": "2025-09-16T00:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125115"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/58"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JR9C-H74F-2V28

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2023-06-30 20:12
VLAI
Summary
Gitea Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Gitea 1.16.3 and prior is vulnerable to missing authorization. A patch is available as part of the 1.16.4 release.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.16.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "code.gitea.io/gitea"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.16.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-0905"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-11T20:32:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Gitea 1.16.3 and prior is vulnerable to missing authorization. A patch is available as part of the 1.16.4 release.",
  "id": "GHSA-jr9c-h74f-2v28",
  "modified": "2023-06-30T20:12:44Z",
  "published": "2022-03-11T00:02:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/1314f38b59748397b3429fb9bc9f9d6bac85d2f2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/3e5c844a7758fa29126d201f4f98bf21bca6d314"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/8d221f92-b2b1-4878-bc31-66ff272e5ceb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Gitea Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-JRCG-JRHW-F5J2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 12:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpdesk ShopMagic shopmagic-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ShopMagic: from n/a through <= 4.7.2.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69093"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T11:16:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in wpdesk ShopMagic shopmagic-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ShopMagic: from n/a through \u003c= 4.7.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-jrcg-jrhw-f5j2",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:52Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69093"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/shopmagic-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-shopmagic-plugin-4-7-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/shopmagic-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-shopmagic-plugin-4-7-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JRCV-5R3M-CWR3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-06 06:30 – Updated: 2025-12-06 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Listar – Directory Listing & Classifieds WordPress Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the '/wp-json/listar/v1/place/save' REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update listing details.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12577"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-06T06:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Listar \u2013 Directory Listing \u0026 Classifieds WordPress Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027/wp-json/listar/v1/place/save\u0027 REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update listing details.",
  "id": "GHSA-jrcv-5r3m-cwr3",
  "modified": "2025-12-06T06:30:16Z",
  "published": "2025-12-06T06:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12577"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/listar-directory-listing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a063fab3-6d52-4f2a-b51f-b76fa2d4711c?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JRF7-2C28-2HC3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-27 09:30 – Updated: 2026-06-27 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) – Easy Quiz and Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 11.1.4. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to create, modify, and delete quiz output templates stored in the mlw_quiz_output_templates database table, including storing unsanitized HTML content such as arbitrary script tags.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9233"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-27T08:16:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) \u2013 Easy Quiz and Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 11.1.4. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to create, modify, and delete quiz output templates stored in the mlw_quiz_output_templates database table, including storing unsanitized HTML content such as arbitrary script tags.",
  "id": "GHSA-jrf7-2c28-2hc3",
  "modified": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "published": "2026-06-27T09:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9233"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.0.0/mlw_quizmaster2.php#L931"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.0.0/php/admin/functions.php#L1557"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.0.0/php/admin/functions.php#L1563"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.0.0/php/admin/functions.php#L1638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.0.0/php/admin/options-page-email-tab.php#L52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.1.2/mlw_quizmaster2.php#L931"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.1.2/php/admin/functions.php#L1557"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.1.2/php/admin/functions.php#L1563"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.1.2/php/admin/functions.php#L1638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/11.1.2/php/admin/options-page-email-tab.php#L52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3570062%40quiz-master-next\u0026new=3570062%40quiz-master-next\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/38db911b-cad5-4c8c-b0a4-70dc543b4591?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

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