CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19851 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-76RX-7PV8-WF99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 09:30 – Updated: 2025-07-25 09:30The Frontend File Manager Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpfm_delete_multiple_files() function in all versions up to, and including, 21.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-25T09:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Frontend File Manager Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpfm_delete_multiple_files() function in all versions up to, and including, 21.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.",
"id": "GHSA-76rx-7pv8-wf99",
"modified": "2025-07-25T09:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2912124/nmedia-user-file-uploader/trunk/inc/files.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/abf422ce-fa03-4bed-a4ec-b31d36de7633?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76V8-3VP7-9G3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Avirtum iPages Flipbook allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.
This issue affects iPages Flipbook: from n/a through 1.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:19:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Avirtum iPages Flipbook allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.\n\nThis issue affects iPages Flipbook: from n/a through 1.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-76v8-3vp7-9g3p",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ipages-flipbook/vulnerability/wordpress-ipages-flipbook-plugin-1-5-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76V8-965Q-F4X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 12:30 – Updated: 2025-01-07 12:30The WordPress File Upload plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'wfu_ajax_action_read_subfolders' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.24.15. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to perform limited path traversal to view directories and subdirectories in WordPress. Files cannot be viewed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12719"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T10:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WordPress File Upload plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027wfu_ajax_action_read_subfolders\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 4.24.15. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to perform limited path traversal to view directories and subdirectories in WordPress. Files cannot be viewed.",
"id": "GHSA-76v8-965q-f4x7",
"modified": "2025-01-07T12:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-01-07T12:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-file-upload/trunk/lib/wfu_ajaxactions.php#L849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3217005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/314ae0f5-8a4e-4bf3-9fc9-49f5b036b99e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76W6-M7VV-7HHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:50 – Updated: 2023-12-14 15:40A missing permission check in Jenkins Docker Plugin 1.1.6 and earlier in DockerAPI.DescriptorImpl#doTestConnection allowed users with Overall/Read access to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.jenkins.docker:docker-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-14T15:40:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-11T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing permission check in Jenkins Docker Plugin 1.1.6 and earlier in DockerAPI.DescriptorImpl#doTestConnection allowed users with Overall/Read access to connect to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.",
"id": "GHSA-76w6-m7vv-7hhw",
"modified": "2023-12-14T15:40:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:50:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/docker-plugin/commit/6ad27199f6fad230be72fd45da78ddac85c075db"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-07-11/#SECURITY-1010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/07/11/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/109156"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing permission check in Jenkins Docker Plugin"
}
GHSA-76WH-M9M5-CFXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-12 00:00The Amelia WordPress plugin before 1.0.49 does not have proper authorisation when managing appointments, allowing any customer to update other's booking status, as well as retrieve sensitive information about the bookings, such as the full name and phone number of the person who booked it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-04T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Amelia WordPress plugin before 1.0.49 does not have proper authorisation when managing appointments, allowing any customer to update other\u0027s booking status, as well as retrieve sensitive information about the bookings, such as the full name and phone number of the person who booked it.",
"id": "GHSA-76wh-m9m5-cfxf",
"modified": "2022-04-12T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-04-05T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2693545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/1a92a65f-e9df-41b5-9a1c-8e24ee9bf50e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76WX-7J8R-7MR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-29 06:30 – Updated: 2026-08-30 03:31The MStore API WordPress plugin before 4.21.1 does not verify that the order targeted by one of its delivery endpoints belongs to the requester, allowing any authenticated user, including Subscribers, to mark arbitrary orders as completed and paid without any payment being made.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-29T06:17:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The MStore API WordPress plugin before 4.21.1 does not verify that the order targeted by one of its delivery endpoints belongs to the requester, allowing any authenticated user, including Subscribers, to mark arbitrary orders as completed and paid without any payment being made.",
"id": "GHSA-76wx-7j8r-7mr2",
"modified": "2026-08-30T03:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-08-29T06:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/241c0394-8dfa-475c-a91b-e2b5e47add53"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76X8-W2V7-4H6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31Access Control vulnerability in TheInnovs EleForms allows .
This issue affects EleForms: from n/a through 2.9.9.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Access Control vulnerability in TheInnovs EleForms allows .\n\nThis issue affects EleForms: from n/a through 2.9.9.9.",
"id": "GHSA-76x8-w2v7-4h6v",
"modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/all-contact-form-integration-for-elementor/wordpress-eleforms-plugin-2-9-9-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-774Q-WFCP-VC2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2024-04-23 23:37A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.6 before 3.6.7 and 3.7 before 3.7.3, where tokens used to fetch inline atachments in email notifications were not disabled when a user's account was no longer active. Note: to access files, a user would need to know the file path, and their token.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.6"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T23:37:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-18T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.6 before 3.6.7 and 3.7 before 3.7.3, where tokens used to fetch inline atachments in email notifications were not disabled when a user\u0027s account was no longer active. Note: to access files, a user would need to know the file path, and their token.",
"id": "GHSA-774q-wfcp-vc2q",
"modified": "2024-04-23T23:37:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-14883"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=393586#p1586750"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Email media URL tokens were not checking for user status"
}
GHSA-774V-J88V-3M84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-09-20 15:30The TikTok WordPress plugin before 1.4.2 does not check that a request is authorised before acting on a sign-in code supplied in the URL, so any visitor can make the site redeem a code of their choosing against the advertising platform, using the site's own credentials. It matches that code loosely, so URLs that merely resemble the expected one trigger it too, and the callback runs on every request to the site rather than only on the administrator's sign-in.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-92965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-20T07:16:51Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The TikTok WordPress plugin before 1.4.2 does not check that a request is authorised before acting on a sign-in code supplied in the URL, so any visitor can make the site redeem a code of their choosing against the advertising platform, using the site\u0027s own credentials. It matches that code loosely, so URLs that merely resemble the expected one trigger it too, and the callback runs on every request to the site rather than only on the administrator\u0027s sign-in.",
"id": "GHSA-774v-j88v-3m84",
"modified": "2026-09-20T15:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-09-20T09:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/e74a467a-9eb1-4da3-933a-879c9c026f4f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-775C-W7MP-R8GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:40A device API endpoint was missing access controls on Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital My Cloud Home Mobile App on iOS, Android, SanDIsk ibi Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital WD Cloud Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 Web App, Western Digital My Cloud Home Web App, SanDisk ibi Web App and the Western Digital WD Web App. Due to a permissive CORS policy and missing authentication requirement for private IPs, a remote attacker on the same network as the device could obtain device information by convincing a victim user to visit an attacker-controlled server and issue a cross-site request.This issue affects My Cloud OS 5 Mobile App: through 4.21.0; My Cloud Home Mobile App: through 4.21.0; ibi Mobile App: through 4.21.0; WD Cloud Mobile App: through 4.21.0; My Cloud OS 5 Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; My Cloud Home Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; ibi Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; WD Web App: through 4.26.0-6126.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A device API endpoint was missing access controls on\u00a0Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital My Cloud Home Mobile App on iOS, Android, SanDIsk ibi Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital WD Cloud Mobile App on Android, iOS, Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 Web App, Western Digital My Cloud Home Web App, SanDisk ibi Web App and the Western Digital WD Web App.\u00a0Due to a permissive CORS policy and missing authentication requirement for private IPs, a remote attacker on the same network as the device could obtain device information by convincing a victim user to visit an attacker-controlled server and issue a cross-site request.This issue affects My Cloud OS 5 Mobile App: through 4.21.0; My Cloud Home Mobile App: through 4.21.0; ibi Mobile App: through 4.21.0; WD Cloud Mobile App: through 4.21.0; My Cloud OS 5 Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; My Cloud Home Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; ibi Web App: through 4.26.0-6126; WD Web App: through 4.26.0-6126.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-775c-w7mp-r8gh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:40:50Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:14:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/support/product-security/wdc-23004-western-digital-my-cloud-os-5-my-cloud-home-sandisk-ibi-and-wd-cloud-mobile-and-web-app-update"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.