Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

19789 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6276-QFJC-V7GH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg & Elementor recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom.This issue affects Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg & Elementor: from n/a through <= 3.4.8.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62019"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WPZOOM Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg \u0026 Elementor recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom.This issue affects Recipe Card Blocks for Gutenberg \u0026 Elementor: from n/a through \u003c= 3.4.8.",
  "id": "GHSA-6276-qfjc-v7gh",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:32Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T15:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62019"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom/vulnerability/wordpress-recipe-card-blocks-for-gutenberg-elementor-plugin-3-4-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom/vulnerability/wordpress-recipe-card-blocks-for-gutenberg-elementor-plugin-3-4-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/recipe-card-blocks-by-wpzoom/vulnerability/wordpress-recipe-card-blocks-for-gutenberg-elementor-plugin-3-4-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6279-832J-JHPG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 21:31 – Updated: 2024-12-02 21:31
VLAI
Details

Restricted Views backed objects (OSV1) could be bypassed under specific circumstances due to a software bug, this could have allowed users that didn't have permission to see such objects to view them via Object Explorer directly. This software bug did not impact or otherwise make data available across organizational boundaries nor did it allow for data to be viewed or accessed by unauthenticated users.
The affected service have been patched and automatically deployed to all Apollo-managed Foundry instances.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49581"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T21:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Restricted Views backed objects (OSV1) could be bypassed under specific circumstances due to a software bug, this could have allowed users that didn\u0027t have permission to see such objects to view them via Object Explorer directly. This software bug did not impact or otherwise make data available across organizational boundaries nor did it allow for data to be viewed or accessed by unauthenticated users.  \nThe affected service have been patched and automatically deployed to all Apollo-managed Foundry instances.",
  "id": "GHSA-6279-832j-jhpg",
  "modified": "2024-12-02T21:31:20Z",
  "published": "2024-12-02T21:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49581"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://palantir.safebase.us/?tcuUid=b60db1ee-4b1a-475d-848e-c5a670a0da16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-627P-PX2W-V33P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-18 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-18 06:30
VLAI
Details

The SendGrid for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the 'wp_mailplus_clear_logs' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin's log files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9364"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-18T05:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The SendGrid for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027wp_mailplus_clear_logs\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete the plugin\u0027s log files.",
  "id": "GHSA-627p-px2w-v33p",
  "modified": "2024-10-18T06:30:32Z",
  "published": "2024-10-18T06:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9364"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/wp-sendgrid-mailer/tags/1.4/wp-sendgrid-mailer.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-sendgrid-mailer/trunk/wp-sendgrid-mailer.php#L167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bb7d99a7-1e7d-43e1-839c-286b454c8276?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62C8-7P5Q-M59C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-10 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32
VLAI
Details

The Awesome Support – WordPress HelpDesk & Support Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the editor_html() function in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to view password protected and draft posts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0596"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-10T07:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Awesome Support \u2013 WordPress HelpDesk \u0026 Support Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the editor_html() function in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to view password protected and draft posts.",
  "id": "GHSA-62c8-7p5q-m59c",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:15Z",
  "published": "2024-02-10T09:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0596"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3033134%40awesome-support\u0026new=3033134%40awesome-support\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e4358e2a-b7f6-44b6-a38a-5b27cb15e1cd?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62C9-3HW5-37QF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-24 03:31 – Updated: 2026-08-24 03:31
VLAI
Details

Ghostwriter through 7.2.6 does not apply per-object authorization on its report template lint endpoints. RoleBasedAccessControlMixin.test_func returns only request.user.is_active unless a view overrides it, and neither the endpoint that lints a report template nor the endpoint that returns stored lint results provides an override, so each resolves a ReportTemplate from a caller-supplied primary key with no ownership or client-scope check. Any authenticated account can therefore lint an arbitrary template, which overwrites that template's stored lint result, and can read the returned findings, which enumerate the template's variable names and template-engine errors and so disclose its structure. This is distinct from the template swap path: that endpoint authorizes the report but omits the per-template check, whereas these endpoints omit authorization entirely and remain unfixed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-78204"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-24T01:16:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Ghostwriter through 7.2.6 does not apply per-object authorization on its report template lint endpoints. RoleBasedAccessControlMixin.test_func returns only request.user.is_active unless a view overrides it, and neither the endpoint that lints a report template nor the endpoint that returns stored lint results provides an override, so each resolves a ReportTemplate from a caller-supplied primary key with no ownership or client-scope check. Any authenticated account can therefore lint an arbitrary template, which overwrites that template\u0027s stored lint result, and can read the returned findings, which enumerate the template\u0027s variable names and template-engine errors and so disclose its structure. This is distinct from the template swap path: that endpoint authorizes the report but omits the per-template check, whereas these endpoints omit authorization entirely and remain unfixed.",
  "id": "GHSA-62c9-3hw5-37qf",
  "modified": "2026-08-24T03:31:05Z",
  "published": "2026-08-24T03:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/GhostManager/Ghostwriter"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/GhostManager/Ghostwriter/blob/v7.2.6/ghostwriter/api/utils.py#L470-L480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/oss/blob/main/Ghostwriter.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ghostwriter-through-missing-authorization-on-report-template-lint-endpoints"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62FX-5H3P-VFMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Proptech Plugin Apimo Connector apimo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Apimo Connector: from n/a through <= 2.6.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Proptech Plugin Apimo Connector apimo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Apimo Connector: from n/a through \u003c= 2.6.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-62fx-5h3p-vfmg",
  "modified": "2026-01-26T21:30:33Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/apimo/vulnerability/wordpress-apimo-connector-plugin-2-6-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62GF-39Q3-MFCG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in linethemes GLB glb allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GLB: from n/a through <= 1.2.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32388"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in linethemes GLB glb allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects GLB: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-62gf-39q3-mfcg",
  "modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/glb/vulnerability/wordpress-glb-theme-1-2-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62H4-2Q5J-HW9M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-11 00:30 – Updated: 2026-10-11 00:30
VLAI
Details

JeecgBoot through 3.9.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows low-privileged authenticated users to modify message templates via PUT /sys/message/sysMessageTemplate/edit. Attackers can obtain template ids from the unguarded list endpoint and overwrite system notification titles and content, delivering attacker-supplied text or links to other users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-108618"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-10T22:16:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "JeecgBoot through 3.9.5 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows low-privileged authenticated users to modify message templates via PUT /sys/message/sysMessageTemplate/edit. Attackers can obtain template ids from the unguarded list endpoint and overwrite system notification titles and content, delivering attacker-supplied text or links to other users.",
  "id": "GHSA-62h4-2q5j-hw9m",
  "modified": "2026-10-11T00:30:52Z",
  "published": "2026-10-11T00:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-108618"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AnkesKasty/cve-request-poc/blob/a7b6d1423555812d8efa26c91c5d0683164b31e5/JeecgBoot/poc_c093_messagetemplate_edit.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jeecgboot/JeecgBoot/blob/e3b9dc0aefe1943d9772b026f64ed671a7c82802/jeecg-boot/jeecg-module-system/jeecg-system-biz/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/message/controller/SysMessageTemplateController.java#L94-L98"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jeecgboot-through-3.9.5-missing-authorization-via-sysmessagetemplate-edit-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62JJ-QRVC-CRV5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-20 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-20 15:30
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.0.1, contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the NFS export. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to unauthorized filesystem access. The attacker may be able to read, modify, and delete arbitrary files. This vulnerability is considered critical as it can be leveraged to fully compromise the system. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-20T14:15:26Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 9.5.0.0 through 9.10.0.1, contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the NFS export. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to unauthorized filesystem access. The attacker may be able to read, modify, and delete arbitrary files. This vulnerability is considered critical as it can be leveraged to fully compromise the system. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.",
  "id": "GHSA-62jj-qrvc-crv5",
  "modified": "2025-06-20T15:30:37Z",
  "published": "2025-06-20T15:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000326339/dsa-2025-208-security-update-for-dell-powerscale-onefs-for-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62MP-MC96-VV2W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-23 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in modeltheme ModelTheme Framework modeltheme-framework allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ModelTheme Framework: from n/a through <= 1.9.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69303"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in modeltheme ModelTheme Framework modeltheme-framework allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects ModelTheme Framework: from n/a through \u003c= 1.9.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-62mp-mc96-vv2w",
  "modified": "2026-04-23T18:32:50Z",
  "published": "2026-02-20T18:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/modeltheme-framework/vulnerability/wordpress-modeltheme-framework-plugin-1-9-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.