Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

19704 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5293-3FGP-CR3X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2024-01-30 21:58
VLAI
Summary
Missing permission checks in Jenkins Periodic Backup Plugin allow every user to change settings
Details

The Periodic Backup Plugin did not perform any permission checks, allowing any user with Overall/Read access to change its settings, trigger backups, restore backups, download backups, and also delete all previous backups via log rotation. Additionally, the plugin was not requiring requests to its API be sent via POST, thereby opening itself to Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.4"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:periodicbackup"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1000086"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-30T21:58:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-05T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Periodic Backup Plugin did not perform any permission checks, allowing any user with Overall/Read access to change its settings, trigger backups, restore backups, download backups, and also delete all previous backups via log rotation. Additionally, the plugin was not requiring requests to its API be sent via POST, thereby opening itself to Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-5293-3fgp-cr3x",
  "modified": "2024-01-30T21:58:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:18:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-07-10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100437"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Missing permission checks in Jenkins Periodic Backup Plugin allow every user to change settings"
}

GHSA-52C2-XVQV-6RR4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-06-11 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Salesforce Pardot.This issue affects Pardot: from n/a through 2.1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32148"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T15:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Salesforce Pardot.This issue affects Pardot: from n/a through 2.1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-52c2-xvqv-6rr4",
  "modified": "2024-06-11T15:31:15Z",
  "published": "2024-06-11T15:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32148"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pardot/wordpress-pardot-plugin-2-1-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52CX-HPC5-CXWC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-27 18:44 – Updated: 2024-05-27 18:44
VLAI
Summary
silverstripe/framework missing ACL on reports
Details

The SS_Report, and the reports CMS section only checks canView() when listing the reports that can be viewed by the current user.

It does not (and should) perform canView checks when the report is actually viewed, so if you know the URL to a report and can otherwise access the Reports section of the CMS, you can view any report.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "silverstripe/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1.19-rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.20"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "silverstripe/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2.4-rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "silverstripe/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3.2-rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.3.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "silverstripe/framework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.4.0-rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-27T18:44:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The SS_Report, and the reports CMS section only checks `canView()` when listing the reports that can be viewed by the current user.\n\nIt does not (and should) perform `canView` checks when the report is actually viewed, so if you know the URL to a report and can otherwise access the Reports section of the CMS, you can view any report.",
  "id": "GHSA-52cx-hpc5-cxwc",
  "modified": "2024-05-27T18:44:47Z",
  "published": "2024-05-27T18:44:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/silverstripe/framework/SS-2016-012-1.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/silverstripe/silverstripe-framework"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.silverstripe.org/download/security-releases/ss-2016-012"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "silverstripe/framework missing ACL on reports"
}

GHSA-52G8-5CH7-W2HQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2023-10-16 18:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or gain access to sensitive information, or allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain escalated privileges or gain unauthorized access to the application. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-1508"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or gain access to sensitive information, or allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain escalated privileges or gain unauthorized access to the application. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
  "id": "GHSA-52g8-5ch7-w2hq",
  "modified": "2023-10-16T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:01:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1508"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sd-wan-vmanage-4TbynnhZ"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52G9-H9FH-XGF2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-23 06:31 – Updated: 2026-09-23 12:31
VLAI
Details

The Email Subscribers & Newsletters WordPress plugin before 5.9.35 does not verify the per-subscriber management token before changing a subscriber's subscription status, allowing unauthenticated users to force-unsubscribe or force-confirm an arbitrary subscriber whose email address they know.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-83555"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-23T06:17:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Email Subscribers \u0026 Newsletters  WordPress plugin before 5.9.35 does not verify the per-subscriber management token before changing a subscriber\u0027s subscription status, allowing unauthenticated users to force-unsubscribe or force-confirm an arbitrary subscriber whose email address they know.",
  "id": "GHSA-52g9-h9fh-xgf2",
  "modified": "2026-09-23T12:31:09Z",
  "published": "2026-09-23T06:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-83555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/54cb2a98-7860-40dd-817e-1294317084aa"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52HR-MG3H-R5H9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 18:32 – Updated: 2024-12-04 18:32
VLAI
Details

The Accessibility by AllAccessible plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the 'AllAccessible_save_settings' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11643"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T16:15:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Accessibility by AllAccessible plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data that can lead to privilege escalation due to a missing capability check on the \u0027AllAccessible_save_settings\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update arbitrary options on the WordPress site. This can be leveraged to update the default role for registration to administrator and enable user registration for attackers to gain administrative user access to a vulnerable site.",
  "id": "GHSA-52hr-mg3h-r5h9",
  "modified": "2024-12-04T18:32:36Z",
  "published": "2024-12-04T18:32:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11643"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/allaccessible/trunk/allaccessible.php#L249"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3202017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bb65d916-7d9e-4562-ab9b-c7ba012a08fb?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52M4-FFR8-945G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-19 15:32 – Updated: 2026-10-19 15:32
VLAI
Details

CheckCle through 1.6.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read, modify and delete records because shipped PocketBase collections use empty API rules. Attackers can query /api/collections//records endpoints to steal server_token values and alert_configurations secrets, disable alerting, alter status pages, or delete monitoring data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-112292"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-19T14:17:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "CheckCle through 1.6.0 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read, modify and delete records because shipped PocketBase collections use empty API rules. Attackers can query /api/collections/\u003cname\u003e/records endpoints to steal server_token values and alert_configurations secrets, disable alerting, alter status pages, or delete monitoring data.",
  "id": "GHSA-52m4-ffr8-945g",
  "modified": "2026-10-19T15:32:41Z",
  "published": "2026-10-19T15:32:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-112292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/operacle/checkcle/issues/214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/operacle/checkcle/commit/f2c338ced9162b7820b2495e298d5578df92bf75"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/operacle/checkcle/blob/v1.6.0/application/public/upload/data/pb_schema_latest.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/checkcle-through-1.6.0-missing-authorization-via-empty-pocketbase-api-rules"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52QW-W4C5-82H4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:31
VLAI
Details

Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in POS Entegratör <= 3.7.103 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-57688"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T12:17:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in POS Entegrat\u00f6r \u003c= 3.7.103 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-52qw-w4c5-82h4",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T12:31:02Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T12:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/pos-entegrator/vulnerability/wordpress-pos-entegratoer-plugin-3-7-103-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52V3-P44C-8M9P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Constant Contact Constant Contact + WooCommerce constant-contact-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Constant Contact + WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 2.4.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-67580"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Constant Contact Constant Contact + WooCommerce constant-contact-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Constant Contact + WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 2.4.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-52v3-p44c-8m9p",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:12Z",
  "published": "2025-12-09T18:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67580"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/constant-contact-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-constant-contact-woocommerce-plugin-2-4-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/constant-contact-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-constant-contact-woocommerce-plugin-2-4-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-52V4-WXRX-GJJM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-22 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:53
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Apprenda Plugin has Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Jenkins Apprenda Plugin 2.2.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:apprenda"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-23T13:22:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-21T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Apprenda Plugin 2.2.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to enumerate credentials IDs of credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-52v4-wxrx-gjjm",
  "modified": "2023-10-27T20:53:03Z",
  "published": "2022-09-22T00:00:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41251"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/apprenda-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-09-21/#SECURITY-2710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/21/5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Apprenda Plugin has Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.