CWE-862

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.4.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44991"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-29T21:27:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nOpenClaw deployments before `2026.4.21` could treat a non-owner sender as authorized for owner-enforced slash commands when all of the following were true:\n\n- a channel plugin declared `commands.enforceOwnerForCommands: true`;\n- the channel accepted wildcard inbound senders with `allowFrom: [\"*\"]`;\n- no explicit `commands.ownerAllowFrom` was configured.\n\nIn that state, `src/auto-reply/command-auth.ts` reused the channel inbound wildcard as part of the command-owner decision. A sender who was not the owner could therefore pass the owner-command gate for commands such as `/send`, `/config`, or `/debug` on the affected channel.\n\nThe issue is limited to the command-owner authorization axis. It does not by itself grant owner-only tool access, host/sandbox access, or gateway administrator scope.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` on npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c= 2026.4.20`\n- Patched version: `2026.4.21`\n\nThe latest public release, `2026.4.21`, contains the fix.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe fix requires a concrete owner identity or internal operator-admin scope when a plugin enforces owner-only commands. Wildcard channel `allowFrom` no longer implies wildcard command ownership.\n\nFix commits:\n\n- `2aa93d44a1b2c7058c371f261fda2b5d4de4a882` on `main`\n- `995febb7b1e811ff6a1df5b18c22de94103f4c9f` in the `2026.4.21` release line\n\n## Workarounds\n\nUpgrade to `openclaw@2026.4.21` or later. Before upgrading, avoid wildcard/open-DM sender policy on owner-enforced channels, or configure `commands.ownerAllowFrom` to the intended owner identities.\n\n## Credits\n\nOpenClaw thanks @zsxsoft for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-c28g-vh7m-fm7v",
  "modified": "2026-05-19T15:56:06Z",
  "published": "2026-04-29T21:27:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-c28g-vh7m-fm7v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44991"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/2aa93d44a1b2c7058c371f261fda2b5d4de4a882"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/995febb7b1e811ff6a1df5b18c22de94103f4c9f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-authorization-bypass-in-owner-enforced-commands-via-wildcard-channel-senders"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Owner-enforced commands could accept wildcard channel senders as command owners"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6689"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T17:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost versions 11.6.x \u003c= 11.6.1, 11.5.x \u003c= 11.5.4, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.15, 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.16 Fail to enforce PermissionInviteUser when setting AllowOpenInvite or AllowedDomains during team creation (the check was only applied on update/patch), which allows an authenticated user holding PermissionCreateTeam but not PermissionInviteUser on the resulting team to configure invite-controlled team settings (make the team publicly joinable via open invite and/or constrain membership via allowed domains) that they are not permitted to set on an existing team via POST /api/v4/teams with allow_open_invite: true and/or a non-empty allowed_domains in the request body.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00655",
  "id": "GHSA-c28q-m4gf-vg4q",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T18:31:59Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T18:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2848"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T15:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Synology Mail Server allows remote authenticated attackers to read and write non-sensitive settings, and disable some non-critical functions.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2f4-r954-qp5r",
  "modified": "2025-12-04T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-12-04T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2848"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_25_05"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6369"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T09:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Export WP Page to Static HTML/CSS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data and modification of data due to a missing capability check on multiple AJAX actions in all versions up to, and including, 2.1.9. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to disclose sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions, such as saving advanced plugin settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2fp-7mjg-8pf9",
  "modified": "2024-01-11T09:30:35Z",
  "published": "2024-01-11T09:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6369"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/cancelRcExportProcess.php#L23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/deleteExportedZipFile.php#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/exportLogPercentage.php#L23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/requestForWpPageToStaticHtml.php#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/saveAdvancedSettings.php#L22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/searchPosts.php#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/export-wp-page-to-static-html/trunk/admin/includes/AjaxRequests/seeLogsInDetails.php#L22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3002740/export-wp-page-to-static-html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/47cb48aa-b556-4f25-ac68-ff0a812972c1?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-uiextension-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.10.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-uiextension-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0-rc-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.5.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-uiextension-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.6-rc-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.9-rc-1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31997"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-10T17:16:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-10T22:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nParameters of UI extensions are always interpreted as Velocity code and executed with programming rights. Any user with edit right on any document like the user\u0027s own profile can create UI extensions. This allows remote code execution and thereby impacts the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the whole XWiki installation.\n\nTo reproduce, edit your user profile with the object editor and add a UIExtension object with the following values:\n```\nExtension Point ID: org.xwiki.platform.panels.Applications\nExtension ID: platform.panels.myFakeApplication\nExtension parameters:\u00a0\nlabel=I got programming right: $services.security.authorization.hasAccess(\u0027programming\u0027)\ntarget=Main.WebHome\ntargetQueryString=\nicon=icon:bomb\nExtension Scope: \"Current User\".\n```\n\nSave the document and open any document. If an application entry with the text \"I got programming right: true\" is displayed, the attack succeeded, if the code in \"label\" is displayed literally, the XWiki installation isn\u0027t vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\nThis vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 14.10.19, 15.5.4 and 15.9-RC1.\n\n### Workarounds\nWe\u0027re not aware of any workarounds apart from upgrading.\n\n### References\n* https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21335\n* https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/171e7c7d0e56deaa7b3678657ae26ef95379b1ea\n",
  "id": "GHSA-c2gg-4gq4-jv5j",
  "modified": "2024-04-11T14:33:26Z",
  "published": "2024-04-10T17:16:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-c2gg-4gq4-jv5j"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/171e7c7d0e56deaa7b3678657ae26ef95379b1ea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/1b2574eb966457ca4ef34e557376b8751d1be90d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/56748e154a9011f0d6239bec0823eaaeab6ec3f7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21335"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XWiki Platform remote code execution from account through UIExtension parameters"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0718"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-08T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Wicked Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on the ajax_save_folder function in versions up to, and including, 2.18.16. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to invoke this function and perform actions intended for administrators such as modifying the folder structure maintained by the plugin.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2j5-xc4j-xjmm",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:01Z",
  "published": "2023-02-08T00:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wicked-folders/tags/2.18.16/lib/class-wicked-folders-ajax.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=2860994%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026old=2805161%40wicked-folders%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2c26d6de-5653-4be8-9526-39b30cb61625"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2c26d6de-5653-4be8-9526-39b30cb61625?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.1.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonai-platform"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.1.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47416"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T23:01:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n**Type:** Vertical privilege escalation. The `PATCH /workspaces/{workspace_id}/members/{user_id}` endpoint is gated by `require_workspace_member(workspace_id)`, which defaults to `min_role=\"member\"` and is never overridden by the route. The handler then calls `MemberService.update_role(workspace_id, user_id, body.role)` which sets the target member\u0027s role to whatever the request body specifies, with no check that the caller has owner-or-admin privilege, no check that the new role is not higher than the caller\u0027s own, and no check that the caller is not silently promoting themselves.\n**File:** `src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/api/routes/workspaces.py`, lines 115-127; `services/member_service.py`, lines 55-69; `api/deps.py`, lines 54-73.\n**Root cause:** `require_workspace_member` exists with a `min_role` parameter (deps.py:58) but FastAPI\u0027s `Depends(require_workspace_member)` cannot pass arguments, so every route uses the default `\"member\"`. The route then passes the URL-supplied `user_id` and the body-supplied `role` directly to `MemberService.update_role`, which contains zero permission checks: it loads the member by composite key and assigns `member.role = new_role`. A user with the lowest possible privilege (\"member\") thus sets their own role to \"owner\" with one HTTP PATCH, completing a member-to-owner privilege escalation in a single request.\n\n## Affected Code\n\n**File 1:** `src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/api/routes/workspaces.py`, lines 115-127.\n\n```python\n@router.patch(\"/{workspace_id}/members/{user_id}\", response_model=MemberResponse)\nasync def update_member_role(\n    workspace_id: str,\n    user_id: str,\n    body: MemberUpdate,\n    user: AuthIdentity = Depends(require_workspace_member),         # \u003c-- BUG: defaults to min_role=\"member\"; no role gate\n    session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),\n):\n    member_svc = MemberService(session)\n    member = await member_svc.update_role(workspace_id, user_id, body.role)  # \u003c-- writes any role to any member\n    if member is None:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=\"Member not found\")\n    return MemberResponse.model_validate(member)\n```\n\n**File 2:** `src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/services/member_service.py`, lines 55-69.\n\n```python\nasync def update_role(\n    self,\n    workspace_id: str,\n    user_id: str,\n    new_role: str,\n) -\u003e Optional[Member]:\n    \"\"\"Update a member\u0027s role.\"\"\"\n    if new_role not in VALID_ROLES:                                  # only validates the *value*, not the *caller\u0027s right*\n        raise ValueError(f\"Invalid role: {new_role}. Must be one of {VALID_ROLES}\")\n    member = await self.get(workspace_id, user_id)\n    if member is None:\n        return None\n    member.role = new_role                                           # \u003c-- BUG: no caller-role check, no target-vs-caller hierarchy check\n    await self._session.flush()\n    return member\n```\n\n**File 3:** `src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/api/deps.py`, lines 54-73.\n\n```python\nasync def require_workspace_member(\n    workspace_id: str,\n    user: AuthIdentity = Depends(get_current_user),\n    session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),\n    min_role: str = \"member\",                                        # \u003c-- default that no route overrides\n) -\u003e AuthIdentity:\n    member_svc = MemberService(session)\n    has = await member_svc.has_role(workspace_id, user.id, min_role)\n    if not has:\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail=\"Not a member of this workspace or insufficient role\")\n    user.workspace_id = workspace_id\n    return user\n```\n\n**Why it\u0027s wrong:** `require_workspace_member` was clearly designed to be tunable per-route \u2014 the `min_role` parameter is right there \u2014 but `Depends(require_workspace_member)` in FastAPI cannot pass arguments to a dependency, so every route resolves to the default `\"member\"`. The author\u0027s intent is also evident in `MemberService.has_role` (member_service.py:80-96), which implements an `owner \u003e admin \u003e member` hierarchy that this endpoint should be enforcing. The endpoint uses none of it. The `VALID_ROLES = {\"owner\", \"admin\", \"member\"}` enum check (member_service.py:62) only validates the *new role string is recognised*, not that the *caller has the right to assign it*. As a result, a member can write `{\"role\": \"owner\"}` to their own membership row and become owner in one PATCH.\n\n## Exploit Chain\n\n1. Attacker registers an account and joins (or is invited to) any workspace `W` as a \"member\" (the lowest privilege tier \u2014 typically anyone can be added by an owner during onboarding, or self-joins via an invite link). State: attacker has a JWT, is a `Member(workspace_id=W, user_id=attacker, role=\"member\")`.\n2. Attacker sends `PATCH /workspaces/W/members/\u003cattacker_user_id\u003e` with `Authorization: Bearer \u003cattacker_jwt\u003e` and body `{\"role\": \"owner\"}`. State: control flow enters `update_member_role`.\n3. `require_workspace_member(W, attacker)` runs. Its default `min_role=\"member\"` is satisfied because the attacker is a member. The dependency returns the attacker\u0027s identity. State: route handler proceeds with no further role gate.\n4. `MemberService.update_role(W, attacker, \"owner\")` runs. `VALID_ROLES` accepts `\"owner\"`. `self.get(W, attacker)` returns the attacker\u0027s existing member row. The next line, `member.role = \"owner\"`, mutates the attacker\u0027s role in place. `await self._session.flush()` commits. State: attacker is now `Member(workspace_id=W, user_id=attacker, role=\"owner\")`.\n5. Attacker re-issues `GET /auth/me` (or any owner-gated endpoint) and is now treated as workspace owner. State: full administrative control of the workspace, including the ability to add/remove members, change settings, delete the workspace, and exfiltrate everything via the agent/issue/project/comment IDORs that were filed as separate advisories.\n6. Final state: starting from the lowest workspace privilege, the attacker holds owner of the workspace within one HTTP request. The same primitive also lets the attacker DEMOTE the legitimate owner by sending `PATCH /workspaces/W/members/\u003cowner_user_id\u003e` with `{\"role\": \"member\"}` \u2014 owner lockout in two requests total.\n\n## Security Impact\n\n**Severity:** sec-critical. CVSS 9.1: network attack, low complexity, low privileges (the lowest tier on the platform), no user interaction, scope changed (the privilege boundary the attacker crosses is the workspace owner, a different security principal), high confidentiality and integrity (full workspace control), no availability claim (the attacker can also DELETE the workspace via the companion `delete_workspace` advisory, but that is a separate finding).\n**Attacker capability:** with one workspace-member token plus one PATCH request, the attacker becomes workspace owner. From there: add/remove any user as owner, change every workspace setting (including the `settings` JSON blob), demote the legitimate owner to \"member\", or chain into the companion `delete_workspace` advisory to wipe the workspace entirely. In multi-tenant SaaS deployments where any signup yields a member-level account in some default workspace, this is effectively pre-auth.\n**Preconditions:** `praisonai-platform` is deployed multi-tenant (more than one workspace exists OR the deployment grants member access on signup); the attacker has any membership token in the target workspace.\n**Differential:** source-inspection-verified end-to-end. The asymmetry between `require_workspace_member`\u0027s `min_role` parameter (which exists, defaults to \"member\", and is never overridden) and `MemberService.has_role`\u0027s clearly tiered `owner \u003e admin \u003e member` hierarchy (which exists but is never invoked with anything but the default) is the smoking gun. With the suggested fix below, the route resolves with `min_role=\"owner\"`, the attacker\u0027s member-level token fails the gate at the dependency, and the privilege escalation never reaches the service layer.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nThe fix has two parts. First, the route must resolve `require_workspace_member` with `min_role=\"owner\"` (or at least `\"admin\"`). Second, `MemberService.update_role` should refuse to set a target\u0027s role higher than the caller\u0027s own role, so that an admin cannot accidentally produce another owner.\n\n```diff\n--- a/src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/api/routes/workspaces.py\n+++ b/src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/api/routes/workspaces.py\n@@ -115,11 +115,16 @@\n+def _require_owner(workspace_id: str, user, session):\n+    return require_workspace_member(workspace_id, user, session, min_role=\"owner\")\n+\n @router.patch(\"/{workspace_id}/members/{user_id}\", response_model=MemberResponse)\n async def update_member_role(\n     workspace_id: str,\n     user_id: str,\n     body: MemberUpdate,\n-    user: AuthIdentity = Depends(require_workspace_member),\n+    user: AuthIdentity = Depends(_require_owner),\n     session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),\n ):\n     member_svc = MemberService(session)\n+    if not await member_svc.has_role(workspace_id, user.id, \"owner\"):\n+        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail=\"Only owners can change member roles\")\n     member = await member_svc.update_role(workspace_id, user_id, body.role)\n```\n\nDefence-in-depth in the service layer:\n\n```diff\n--- a/src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/services/member_service.py\n+++ b/src/praisonai-platform/praisonai_platform/services/member_service.py\n@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@\n-    async def update_role(self, workspace_id: str, user_id: str, new_role: str) -\u003e Optional[Member]:\n+    async def update_role(self, workspace_id: str, caller_id: str, user_id: str, new_role: str) -\u003e Optional[Member]:\n         \"\"\"Update a member\u0027s role.\"\"\"\n+        if not await self.has_role(workspace_id, caller_id, \"owner\"):\n+            raise PermissionError(\"Only owners can update member roles\")\n         if new_role not in VALID_ROLES:\n             raise ValueError(...)\n```\n\nThe companion endpoints `add_member`, `remove_member`, `delete_workspace`, and `update_workspace` exhibit the same `Depends(require_workspace_member)` default-min-role pattern and are filed as their own advisories so each gets a separate CVE.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2m8-4gcg-v22g",
  "modified": "2026-05-29T23:01:59Z",
  "published": "2026-05-29T23:01:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-c2m8-4gcg-v22g"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "praisonai-platform: Any workspace member can promote themselves or others to owner via PATCH /workspaces/{id}/members/{user_id}"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41690"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Wiser Notify WiserNotify Social Proof allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WiserNotify Social Proof: from n/a through 2.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2m9-hpp2-j675",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:26Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wiser-notify/vulnerability/wordpress-wisernotify-social-proof-plugin-2-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11514"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-07T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Rank Math plugin through 1.0.40.2 for WordPress allows unauthenticated remote attackers to update arbitrary WordPress metadata, including the ability to escalate or revoke administrative privileges for existing users via the unsecured rankmath/v1/updateMeta REST API endpoint.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2qp-gp7h-j46p",
  "modified": "2023-05-23T15:30:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:13:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11514"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rankmath.com/changelog"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/seo-by-rank-math/#developers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2020/03/critical-vulnerabilities-affecting-over-200000-sites-patched-in-rank-math-seo-plugin"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32220"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T16:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Dimitri Grassi Salon booking system allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Salon booking system: from n/a through 10.10.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2r4-2v2x-5wfj",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:34Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T18:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/salon-booking-system/vulnerability/wordpress-salon-booking-system-plugin-10-10-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}