CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
19606 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4976-QG89-R3VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-07 15:33 – Updated: 2026-09-07 15:33ILIAS versions before 9.23, 10.11, and 11.4 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in ilObjGroupGUI where saveMapSettingsObject() and updateGroupTypeObject() perform state-changing operations without write permission checks. Authenticated users with only read access to a group can craft POST requests to modify group map settings and didactic template assignments, changing group modes and permissions for all members.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86416"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-07T13:20:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ILIAS versions before 9.23, 10.11, and 11.4 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in ilObjGroupGUI where saveMapSettingsObject() and updateGroupTypeObject() perform state-changing operations without write permission checks. Authenticated users with only read access to a group can craft POST requests to modify group map settings and didactic template assignments, changing group modes and permissions for all members.",
"id": "GHSA-4976-qg89-r3vv",
"modified": "2026-09-07T15:33:52Z",
"published": "2026-09-07T15:33:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ILIAS-eLearning/ILIAS/commit/16bca712847f83440fa051cdbb15b38296357c79"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docu.ilias.de/ilias.php?baseClass=ilrepositorygui\u0026cmdNode=wy:ll:6t\u0026cmdClass=ilBlogPostingGUI\u0026cmd=previewFullscreen\u0026ref_id=15821\u0026blpg=940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docu.ilias.de/ilias.php?baseClass=ilrepositorygui\u0026cmdNode=wy:ll:6t\u0026cmdClass=ilBlogPostingGUI\u0026cmd=previewFullscreen\u0026ref_id=15821\u0026blpg=941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docu.ilias.de/ilias.php?baseClass=ilrepositorygui\u0026cmdNode=wy:ll:6t\u0026cmdClass=ilBlogPostingGUI\u0026cmd=previewFullscreen\u0026ref_id=15821\u0026blpg=942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ILIAS-eLearning/ILIAS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ILIAS-eLearning/ILIAS/blob/v11.3/components/ILIAS/Group/classes/class.ilObjGroupGUI.php#L560-L569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ILIAS-eLearning/ILIAS/blob/v11.3/components/ILIAS/Group/classes/class.ilObjGroupGUI.php#L830-L858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ilias-before-9.23-10.11-and-11.4-missing-authorization-in-group-object-action-methods"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4977-WV8W-JW7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-18 00:30An authorization issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, macOS Tahoe 26.6, visionOS 26.6, watchOS 26.6. An app may be able to add contacts without user authorization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T21:17:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authorization issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, macOS Tahoe 26.6, visionOS 26.6, watchOS 26.6. An app may be able to add contacts without user authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-4977-wv8w-jw7p",
"modified": "2026-08-18T00:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-27T21:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/128070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/148287"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-497X-P5MQ-5G6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:30Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through <= 4.2.8.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Metagauss EventPrime eventprime-event-calendar-management allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects EventPrime: from n/a through \u003c= 4.2.8.0.",
"id": "GHSA-497x-p5mq-5g6x",
"modified": "2026-01-26T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T18:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/eventprime-event-calendar-management/vulnerability/wordpress-eventprime-plugin-4-2-8-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49CG-279W-M73X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 21:55 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:32Summary
Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw - Ecosystem: npm
- Affected versions:
< 2026.4.12 - Patched versions:
>= 2026.4.12
Impact
For helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.
Technical Details
The fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.
Fix
The issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.12, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.
Fix Commit(s)
0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd- PR: #65714
Release Process Note
Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.
Credits
Thanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-183",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nEmpty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.4.12`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.12`\n\n## Impact\n\nFor helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.12`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd`\n- PR: #65714\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x",
"modified": "2026-05-08T01:32:40Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/65714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-improper-authorization-via-empty-approver-lists"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization"
}
GHSA-49G3-M6HR-79HV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Enterprise Search for ABAP, an attacker with high privileges may read and export the contents of database tables into an ABAP report. This could lead to a high impact on data confidentiality and a low impact on data integrity. There is no impact on application's availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-42891"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to a missing authorization check in SAP Enterprise Search for ABAP, an attacker with high privileges may read and export the contents of database tables into an ABAP report. This could lead to a high impact on data confidentiality and a low impact on data integrity. There is no impact on application\u0027s availability.",
"id": "GHSA-49g3-m6hr-79hv",
"modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3659117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49GP-XP7V-J798
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 09:31Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Sermon'e <= 1.0.2 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T09:17:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in Sermon\u0027e \u003c= 1.0.2 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-49gp-xp7v-j798",
"modified": "2026-10-06T09:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-10-06T09:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/sermone/vulnerability/wordpress-sermon-e-plugin-1-0-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49J4-V37G-5GG2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-24 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 19:51Jenkins EasyQA Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server.
Additionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.geteasyqa:easyqa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-05T22:59:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins EasyQA Plugin 1.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP server.\n\nAdditionally, this form validation method does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-49j4-v37g-5gg2",
"modified": "2023-10-27T19:51:43Z",
"published": "2022-06-24T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34204"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/easyqa-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-06-22/#SECURITY-2281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins EasyQA Plugin Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}
GHSA-49JG-8R6H-H4R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-08-27 18:32Affected versions of Flowintel expose the /my_assignment/user API endpoint to any authenticated API user. The endpoint accepts a user_id parameter identifying the user whose assignments should be returned, but previously had no role restriction beyond general API authentication.
As a result, a lower-privileged authenticated user could potentially query another user’s assignment information by supplying that user’s identifier.
The fix changes:
method_decorators = [api_required]
to:
method_decorators = [admin_or_org_admin_required, api_required]
so only administrators or organization administrators can perform cross-user assignment queries.
Version impacted =>3.3.0
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-27T17:21:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Affected versions of Flowintel expose the /my_assignment/user API endpoint to any authenticated API user. The endpoint accepts a user_id parameter identifying the user whose assignments should be returned, but previously had no role restriction beyond general API authentication.\n\n\nAs a result, a lower-privileged authenticated user could potentially query another user\u2019s assignment information by supplying that user\u2019s identifier.\n\n\nThe fix changes:\n\n\nmethod_decorators = [api_required]\n\n\nto:\n\n\nmethod_decorators = [admin_or_org_admin_required, api_required]\n\nso only administrators or organization administrators can perform cross-user assignment queries.\n\nVersion impacted =\u003e3.3.0",
"id": "GHSA-49jg-8r6h-h4r7",
"modified": "2026-08-27T18:32:30Z",
"published": "2026-08-27T18:32:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/flowintel/flowintel/commit/10ec32e7baa0fa12ffb83bec36d1b4749a428b5c.patch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-49JG-WV7F-F5WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-20 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-20 12:31Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in WP Data Access <= 5.5.80 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-20T12:16:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in WP Data Access \u003c= 5.5.80 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-49jg-wv7f-f5wg",
"modified": "2026-08-20T12:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-08-20T12:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-data-access/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-data-access-plugin-5-5-80-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49M8-524G-8RR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 09:31 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:31The MailChimp Forms by MailMunch plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the sign_in() and sign_up() AJAX handlers in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to relink the site's MailMunch integration to an attacker-controlled MailMunch account by submitting attacker-supplied credentials. Once relinked, all subscriber data captured by the plugin's forms is delivered to the attacker, and the forms/landing pages rendered on the site are pulled from the attacker's MailMunch account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T08:16:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The MailChimp Forms by MailMunch plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `sign_in()` and `sign_up()` AJAX handlers in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to relink the site\u0027s MailMunch integration to an attacker-controlled MailMunch account by submitting attacker-supplied credentials. Once relinked, all subscriber data captured by the plugin\u0027s forms is delivered to the attacker, and the forms/landing pages rendered on the site are pulled from the attacker\u0027s MailMunch account.",
"id": "GHSA-49m8-524g-8rr2",
"modified": "2026-08-05T09:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-08-05T09:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/tags/3.2.7/admin/class-mailchimp-mailmunch-admin.php#L126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/tags/3.2.7/admin/class-mailchimp-mailmunch-admin.php#L134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/tags/3.2.7/includes/class-mailchimp-mailmunch.php#L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/tags/3.2.7/includes/class-mailmunch-api.php#L354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/tags/3.2.7/includes/class-mailmunch-api.php#L371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/trunk/admin/class-mailchimp-mailmunch-admin.php#L134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3593826%40mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch%2Ftags%2F3.2.8\u0026old=3445363%40mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch%2Ftags%2F3.2.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c9d00ee8-b9df-4044-a5e2-320391d6c9b1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.