CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2185 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4V3J-7FCP-C89C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:18 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00The affected product uses a hard-coded blowfish key for encryption/decryption processes. The key can be easily extracted from binaries.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-22T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The affected product uses a hard-coded blowfish key for encryption/decryption processes. The key can be easily extracted from binaries.",
"id": "GHSA-4v3j-7fcp-c89c",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:18:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-292-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4W5X-X539-PPF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 23:42 – Updated: 2025-10-03 19:21Problem Description
NATS nats-server through 2020-10-07 has Incorrect Access Control because of how expired credentials are handled.
The NATS accounts system has expiration timestamps on credentials; the https://github.com/nats-io/jwt library had an API which encouraged misuse and an IsRevoked() method which misused its own API.
A new IsClaimRevoked() method has correct handling and the nats-server has been updated to use this. The old IsRevoked() method now always returns true and other client code will have to be updated to avoid calling it.
The CVE identifier should cover any application using the old JWT API, where the nats-server is one of those applications.
Affected versions
JWT library
- all versions prior to 1.1.0
- fixed after nats-io/jwt PR 103 landed (2020-10-06)
NATS Server
- Version 2 prior to 2.1.9
- 2.0.0 through and including 2.1.8 are vulnerable.
- fixed with nats-io/nats-server PRs 1632, 1635, 1645
Impact
Time-based credential expiry did not work.
Workaround
Have credentials which only expire after fixes can be deployed.
Solution
Upgrade the JWT dependency in any application using it.
Upgrade the NATS server if using NATS Accounts.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/nats-io/jwt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26892"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-21T21:18:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-06T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Problem Description\n\nNATS nats-server through 2020-10-07 has Incorrect Access Control because of how expired credentials are handled.\n\nThe NATS accounts system has expiration timestamps on credentials; the \u003chttps://github.com/nats-io/jwt\u003e library had an API which encouraged misuse and an `IsRevoked()` method which misused its own API.\n\nA new `IsClaimRevoked()` method has correct handling and the nats-server has been updated to use this. The old `IsRevoked()` method now always returns true and other client code will have to be updated to avoid calling it.\n\nThe CVE identifier should cover any application using the old JWT API, where the nats-server is one of those applications.\n\n\n## Affected versions\n\n#### JWT library\n\n * all versions prior to 1.1.0\n * fixed after nats-io/jwt PR 103 landed (2020-10-06)\n\n#### NATS Server\n\n * Version 2 prior to 2.1.9\n + 2.0.0 through and including 2.1.8 are vulnerable.\n * fixed with nats-io/nats-server PRs 1632, 1635, 1645\n\n\n## Impact\n\nTime-based credential expiry did not work.\n\n\n## Workaround\n\nHave credentials which only expire after fixes can be deployed.\n\n\n## Solution\n\nUpgrade the JWT dependency in any application using it.\n\nUpgrade the NATS server if using NATS Accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-4w5x-x539-ppf5",
"modified": "2025-10-03T19:21:38Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T23:42:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-4w5x-x539-ppf5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/jwt/commit/e11ce317263cef69619fc1ca743b195d02aa1d8a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/commit/1e08b67f08e18cd844dce833a265aaa72500a12f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.nats.io/CVE/CVE-2020-26892.txt"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/jwt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/commits/master"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VT67XCLIIBYRT762SVFBYFFTQFVSM3SI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/11/02/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incorrect handling of credential expiry by /nats-io/nats-server"
}
GHSA-4W62-G43G-55GJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36The backend database of the Philips DoseWise Portal application versions 1.1.7.333 and 2.1.1.3069 uses hard-coded credentials for a database account with privileges that can affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the database. For an attacker to exploit this vulnerability, elevated privileges are first required for an attacker to access the web application backend system files that contain the hard-coded credentials. Successful exploitation may allow a remote attacker to gain access to the database of the DWP application, which contains PHI. CVSS v3 base score: 9.1, CVSS vector string: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-24T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The backend database of the Philips DoseWise Portal application versions 1.1.7.333 and 2.1.1.3069 uses hard-coded credentials for a database account with privileges that can affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the database. For an attacker to exploit this vulnerability, elevated privileges are first required for an attacker to access the web application backend system files that contain the hard-coded credentials. Successful exploitation may allow a remote attacker to gain access to the database of the DWP application, which contains PHI. CVSS v3 base score: 9.1, CVSS vector string: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.",
"id": "GHSA-4w62-g43g-55gj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSMA-17-229-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.philips.com/productsecurity"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100471"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WJV-Q2WW-CM43
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-23 15:31Iridium Certus 700 version 1.0.1 has an embedded credentials vulnerability in the code. This vulnerability allows a local user to retrieve the SSH hash string.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T13:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Iridium Certus 700 version 1.0.1 has an embedded credentials vulnerability in the code. This vulnerability allows a local user to retrieve the SSH hash string.",
"id": "GHSA-4wjv-q2ww-cm43",
"modified": "2025-05-23T15:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T15:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-intellian-technologies-iridium-certus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WQR-74MQ-RFW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-03 18:33 – Updated: 2026-06-04 15:30Mercusys AC12G (EU) V1 with firmware AC12G(EU)_V1_200909 contains hardcoded WiFi driver credentials including a RADIUS shared secret, WPS test key, and default PSK embedded in the production firmware binary.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-03T18:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mercusys AC12G (EU) V1 with firmware AC12G(EU)_V1_200909 contains hardcoded WiFi driver credentials including a RADIUS shared secret, WPS test key, and default PSK embedded in the production firmware binary.",
"id": "GHSA-4wqr-74mq-rfw2",
"modified": "2026-06-04T15:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-06-03T18:33:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Tymbark7372/MERCUSYS-AC12G/blob/master/advisories/CVE-2026-36616.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WVF-2VQW-MJ6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-20 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-20 18:30Common encryption key appears to be used across all deployed instances of Serv-U FTP Server. Because of this an encrypted value that is exposed to an attacker can be simply recovered to plaintext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Common encryption key appears to be used across all deployed instances of Serv-U FTP Server. Because of this an encrypted value that is exposed to an attacker can be simply recovered to plaintext.",
"id": "GHSA-4wvf-2vqw-mj6r",
"modified": "2022-12-20T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2022-12-20T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-35252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/servu/content/release_notes/servu_15-3-2_release_notes.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2021-35252"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4XFH-7QVX-MP6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:08 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:08In the web server on D-Link DIR-620 devices with a certain customized (by ISP) variant of firmware 1.0.3, 1.0.37, 1.3.1, 1.3.3, 1.3.7, 1.4.0, and 2.0.22, there is a hardcoded password of anonymous for the admin account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-20T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the web server on D-Link DIR-620 devices with a certain customized (by ISP) variant of firmware 1.0.3, 1.0.37, 1.3.1, 1.3.3, 1.3.7, 1.4.0, and 2.0.22, there is a hardcoded password of anonymous for the admin account.",
"id": "GHSA-4xfh-7qvx-mp6f",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:08:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:08:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securelist.com/backdoors-in-d-links-backyard/85530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/72839/hacking/d-link-dir-620-flaws.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/backdoor-account-found-in-d-link-dir-620-routers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitynewspaper.com/2018/05/25/d-link-dir-620-routers-critical-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4XP3-78MX-MPFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 21:31DCIM dcTrack platforms utilize default and hard-coded credentials for access. An attacker could use these credentials to administer the database, escalate privileges on the platform or execute system commands on the host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T21:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DCIM dcTrack platforms utilize default and hard-coded credentials for access. An attacker could use these credentials to administer the database, escalate privileges on the platform or execute system commands on the host.",
"id": "GHSA-4xp3-78mx-mpfq",
"modified": "2025-12-04T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-12-04T21:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-338-05.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-338-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4XVM-58X2-M87C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-05 15:31 – Updated: 2025-02-27 18:31Default Credentail vulnerabilities in ASPECT on Linux allows access to the product using publicly available default credentials. Affected products:
ABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.07.02; NEXUS Series v3.07.02; MATRIX Series v3.07.02
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1287",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-05T13:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Default Credentail vulnerabilities in ASPECT on Linux allows access to the product using publicly available default credentials.\u00a0\nAffected products:\n\n\nABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.07.02; \nNEXUS Series v3.07.02; \nMATRIX Series v3.07.02",
"id": "GHSA-4xvm-58x2-m87c",
"modified": "2025-02-27T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2024-12-05T15:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK108469A7497\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-523F-PWGC-24F9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06In Weidmueller Industrial WLAN devices in multiple versions an exploitable use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in multiple iw_* utilities. The device operating system contains an undocumented encryption password, allowing for the creation of custom diagnostic scripts. An attacker can send diagnostic scripts while authenticated as a low privilege user to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Weidmueller Industrial WLAN devices in multiple versions an exploitable use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in multiple iw_* utilities. The device operating system contains an undocumented encryption password, allowing for the creation of custom diagnostic scripts. An attacker can send diagnostic scripts while authenticated as a low privilege user to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-523f-pwgc-24f9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2021-026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.