Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2275 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-47730 (GCVE-0-2025-47730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-08 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-08 15:41 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The TeleMessage archiving backend through 2025-05-05 accepts API calls (to request an authentication token) from the TM SGNL (aka Archive Signal) app with the credentials of logfile for the user and enRR8UVVywXYbFkqU#QDPRkO for the password.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TeleMessage | archiving backend |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2025-05-05
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-46617 (GCVE-0-2025-46617)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-25 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-25 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Quantum StorNext Web GUI API before 7.2.4 grants access to internal StorNext configuration and unauthorized modification of some software configuration parameters via undocumented user credentials. This affects StorNext RYO before 7.2.4, StorNext Xcellis Workflow Director before 7.2.4, and ActiveScale Cold Storage.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-46352 (GCVE-0-2025-46352)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 23:18 – Updated: 2025-05-30 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Consilium Safety CS5000 Fire Panel Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Summary
The CS5000 Fire Panel is vulnerable due to a hard-coded password that
runs on a VNC server and is visible as a string in the binary
responsible for running VNC. This password cannot be altered, allowing
anyone with knowledge of it to gain remote access to the panel. Such
access could enable an attacker to operate the panel remotely,
potentially putting the fire panel into a non-functional state and
causing serious safety issues.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-30 12:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consilium Safety | CS5000 Fire Panel |
Affected:
All versions
|
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CVE-2025-46274 (GCVE-0-2025-46274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-24 22:57 – Updated: 2025-04-25 15:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Planet Technology Network Products Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Summary
UNI-NMS-Lite uses hard-coded credentials that could allow an
unauthenticated attacker to read, manipulate and create entries in the
managed database.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Planet Technology | UNI-NMS-Lite |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.0b211018
(custom)
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CVE-2025-46273 (GCVE-0-2025-46273)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-24 22:57 – Updated: 2025-04-25 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Planet Technology Network Products Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Summary
UNI-NMS-Lite uses hard-coded credentials that could allow an
unauthenticated attacker to gain administrative privileges to all
UNI-NMS managed devices.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Planet Technology | UNI-NMS-Lite |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.0b211018
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-42890 (GCVE-0-2025-42890)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 00:15 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure key & Secret Management vulnerability in SQL Anywhere Monitor (Non-Gui)
Summary
SQL Anywhere Monitor (Non-GUI) baked credentials into the code,exposing the resources or functionality to unintended users and providing attackers with the possibility of arbitrary code execution.This could cause high impact on confidentiality integrity and availability of the system.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-12 04:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SQL Anywhere Monitor (Non-Gui) |
Affected:
SYBASE_SQL_ANYWHERE_SERVER 17.0
|
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CVE-2025-41722 (GCVE-0-2025-41722)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-22 06:58 – Updated: 2025-10-22 13:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sauter: Hard-coded Authentication Credentials
Summary
The wsc server uses a hard-coded certificate to check the authenticity of SOAP messages. An unauthenticated remote attacker can extract private keys from the Software of the affected devices.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-22 13:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sauter | modulo 6 devices modu680-AS |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < Firmware v3.2.0
(semver)
|
|
| Sauter | modulo 6 devices modu660-AS |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < Firmware v3.2.0
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|
|
| Sauter | modulo 6 devices modu612-LC |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < Firmware v3.2.0
(semver)
|
|
| Sauter | EY-modulo 5 modu 5 modu524 |
Affected:
0.0 , < Firmware v6.0
(semver)
|
|
| Sauter | EY-modulo 5 modu 5 modu525 |
Affected:
0.0 , < Firmware v6.0
(semver)
|
|
| Sauter | EY-modulo 5 ecos 5 ecos504/505 |
Affected:
0.0 , < Firmware v6.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-41710 (GCVE-0-2025-41710)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 08:26 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Use of Hard-coded Credentials in power analyzer
Summary
An unauthenticated remote attacker may use hardcodes credentials to get access to the previously activated FTP Server with limited read and write privileges.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-10 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-079/ | vendor-advisory |
| https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-096/ | vendor-advisory |
| https://janitza.csaf-tp.certvde.com/.well-known/c… | vendor-advisory |
| https://weidmueller.csaf-tp.certvde.com/.well-kno… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Janitza | UMG 96RM-E 24V(5222063) |
Affected:
0.0 , ≤ 3.13
(custom)
|
|
| Janitza | UMG 96RM-E 230V(5222062) |
Affected:
0.0 , ≤ 3.13
(custom)
|
|
| Weidmueller | ENERGY METER 750-230 (2540910000) |
Affected:
0.0 , ≤ 3.13
(custom)
|
|
| Weidmueller | ENERGY METER 750-24 (2540900000) |
Affected:
0.0 , ≤ 3.13
(custom)
|
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"product": "ENERGY METER 750-230 (2540910000)",
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CVE-2025-41696 (GCVE-0-2025-41696)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 08:13 – Updated: 2025-12-09 14:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hardcoded User Password
Summary
An attacker can use an undocumented UART port on the PCB as a side-channel with the user hardcoded credentials obtained from CVE-2025-41692 to gain read access to parts of the filesystem of the device.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 14:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
69 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2005 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2008 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2016 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2105 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2108 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2116 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2204-2TC-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2205 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2FX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2FX SM |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2FX SM ST |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2FX ST |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206-2SFX PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2206C-2FX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2207-FX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2207-FX SM |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2208 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2208 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2208C |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2212-2TC-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2214-2FX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2214-2FX SM |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2214-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2214-2SFX PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2216 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2216 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2304-2GC-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2306-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2306-2SFP PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2308 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2308 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2312-2GC-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2314-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2314-2SFP PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2316 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2316 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2404-2TC-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2406-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2406-2SFX PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2408 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2408 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2412-2TC-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2414-2SFX |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2414-2SFX PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2416 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2416 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2504-2GC-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2506-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2506-2SFP PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2508 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2508 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2512-2GC-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2514-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2514-2SFP PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2516 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2516 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2608 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2608 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2708 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2708 PN |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2303-8SP1 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL NAT 2008 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL NAT 2208 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL NAT 2304-2GC-2SFP |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2008F |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2316/K1 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2506-2SFP/K1 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH 2508/K1 |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 3.50
(semver)
|
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2108",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
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},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2116",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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{
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"product": "FL SWITCH 2204-2TC-2SFX",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2205",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2206-2FX",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2206-2FX SM",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2206-2FX SM ST",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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"product": "FL SWITCH 2206-2FX ST",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2206-2SFX PN",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2208 PN",
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2208C",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2212-2TC-2SFX",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2214-2FX",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2214-2SFX PN",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
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"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
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"product": "FL SWITCH 2304-2GC-2SFP",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
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{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
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}
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2306-2SFP",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2306-2SFP PN",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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},
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2308",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "3.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
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]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FL SWITCH 2308 PN",
"vendor": "Phoenix Contact",
"versions": [
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CVE-2025-41380 (GCVE-0-2025-41380)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-23 12:41 – Updated: 2025-05-23 15:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Injection vulnerability in Iridium Certus 700
Summary
Iridium Certus 700 version 1.0.1 has an embedded credentials vulnerability in the code. This vulnerability allows a local user to retrieve the SSH hash string.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-23 15:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-798 - Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intellian Technologies | Iridium Certus 700 |
Affected:
1.0.1
|
Date Public
2025-05-23 10:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.