CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2178 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GX25-HXV6-H79M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45A security vulnerability in HPE Unified Data Management (UDM) could allow the local disclosure of privileged information (CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key in a product). HPE has provided updates to versions 1.2009.0 and 1.2101.0 of HPE Unified Data Management (UDM). Version 1.2103.0 of HPE Unified Data Management (UDM) removes all hard-coded cryptographic keys.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-312",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-30T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability in HPE Unified Data Management (UDM) could allow the local disclosure of privileged information (CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key in a product). HPE has provided updates to versions 1.2009.0 and 1.2101.0 of HPE Unified Data Management (UDM). Version 1.2103.0 of HPE Unified Data Management (UDM) removes all hard-coded cryptographic keys.",
"id": "GHSA-gx25-hxv6-h79m",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbmu04112en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX2R-V5M4-V5QP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00Use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, Automation software 'Sysmac Studio' all models V1.49 and earlier, and Programmable Terminal (PT) NA series NA5-15W/NA5-12W/NA5-9W/NA5-7W models Runtime V1.15 and earlier, which may allow a remote attacker who successfully obtained the user credentials by analyzing the affected product to access the controller.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-294",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use of hard-coded credentials vulnerability exists in Machine automation controller NJ series all models V 1.48 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX7 series all models V1.28 and earlier, Machine automation controller NX1 series all models V1.48 and earlier, Automation software \u0027Sysmac Studio\u0027 all models V1.49 and earlier, and Programmable Terminal (PT) NA series NA5-15W/NA5-12W/NA5-9W/NA5-7W models Runtime V1.15 and earlier, which may allow a remote attacker who successfully obtained the user credentials by analyzing the affected product to access the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-gx2r-v5m4-v5qp",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-07-05T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU97050784/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ia.omron.com/product/vulnerability/OMSR-2022-001_en.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX6V-756J-7G8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-05 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-05 21:32PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use default, shared credentials for the administrative web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-05T18:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PTZOptics and possibly other ValueHD-based pan-tilt-zoom cameras use default, shared credentials for the administrative web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-gx6v-756j-7g8w",
"modified": "2025-09-05T21:32:37Z",
"published": "2025-09-05T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-162-10.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-162-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.greynoise.io/blog/greynoise-intelligence-discovers-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-live-streaming-cameras-with-the-help-of-ai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.labs.greynoise.io/grimoire/2024-10-31-sift-0-day-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GX9W-MMX8-H596
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-30 09:30 – Updated: 2025-05-30 09:30Default credentials were present in the web portal for Airpointer 2.4.107-2, allowing an unauthenticated malicious actor to log in via the web portal
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4633"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-30T09:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Default credentials were present in the web portal for Airpointer 2.4.107-2, allowing an unauthenticated malicious actor to log in via the web portal",
"id": "GHSA-gx9w-mmx8-h596",
"modified": "2025-05-30T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-05-30T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jct-aq.com/products/airpointer2d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXC8-M5WX-GQXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:50An issue was discovered on Foscam C2 devices with System Firmware 1.11.1.8 and Application Firmware 2.72.1.32, and Opticam i5 devices with System Firmware 1.5.2.11 and Application Firmware 2.21.1.128. The exported device configuration is encrypted with the hardcoded BpP+2R9*Q password in some cases.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-07T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Foscam C2 devices with System Firmware 1.11.1.8 and Application Firmware 2.72.1.32, and Opticam i5 devices with System Firmware 1.5.2.11 and Application Firmware 2.21.1.128. The exported device configuration is encrypted with the hardcoded BpP+2R9*Q password in some cases.",
"id": "GHSA-gxc8-m5wx-gqxj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:50:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:50:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sintonen.fi/advisories/foscam-ip-camera-multiple-vulnerabilities.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXM5-WJ75-XVM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-22 12:30An high privileged remote attacker can enable telnet access that accepts hardcoded credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T07:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An high privileged remote attacker can enable telnet access that accepts hardcoded credentials.\u00a0",
"id": "GHSA-gxm5-wj75-xvm8",
"modified": "2025-08-22T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T09:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2024-012"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GXMW-34M7-64R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-25 00:33 – Updated: 2025-02-06 18:31SunGrow WiNet-SV200.001.00.P027 and earlier versions contains hardcoded MQTT credentials that allow an attacker to send arbitrary commands to an arbitrary inverter. It is also possible to impersonate the broker, because TLS is not used to identify the real MQTT broker. This means that MQTT communications are vulnerable to MitM attacks at the TCP/IP level.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-24T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SunGrow WiNet-SV200.001.00.P027 and earlier versions contains hardcoded MQTT credentials that allow an attacker to send arbitrary commands to an arbitrary inverter. It is also possible to impersonate the broker, because TLS is not used to identify the real MQTT broker. This means that MQTT communications are vulnerable to MitM attacks at the TCP/IP level.",
"id": "GHSA-gxmw-34m7-64r8",
"modified": "2025-02-06T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-01-25T00:33:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://en.sungrowpower.com/security-notice-detail-2/5961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mqtt-pwn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H227-33F5-4929
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-22 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:36An issue in Tormach xsTECH CNC Router, PathPilot Controller v2.9.6 allows attackers to overwrite the hardcoded IP address in the device memory, disrupting network connectivity between the router and the controller.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-22T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Tormach xsTECH CNC Router, PathPilot Controller v2.9.6 allows attackers to overwrite the hardcoded IP address in the device memory, disrupting network connectivity between the router and the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-h227-33f5-4929",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:36:23Z",
"published": "2024-04-22T12:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/VcuCyber/51075894d1728db07fc2df286c003df9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H238-7VFV-RHH9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-07 18:32 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31A vulnerability has been discovered in the firmware of Paxton Paxton10 before 4.6 SR6. The firmware file, rootfs.tar.gz, contains hard-coded credentials for the Twilio API. A remote attacker who obtains a copy of the firmware can extract these credentials. This could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the associated Twilio account, leading to information disclosure, potential service disruption, and unauthorized use of the Twilio services.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-07T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been discovered in the firmware of Paxton Paxton10 before 4.6 SR6. The firmware file, rootfs.tar.gz, contains hard-coded credentials for the Twilio API. A remote attacker who obtains a copy of the firmware can extract these credentials. This could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the associated Twilio account, leading to information disclosure, potential service disruption, and unauthorized use of the Twilio services.",
"id": "GHSA-h238-7vfv-rhh9",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:22Z",
"published": "2025-07-07T18:32:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/jackcaplin/0dfb7ef428b8ade5de4396dd753cd894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://paxton-access.co.uk"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2GG-HFPQ-2F33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-30 00:00Zyxel CloudCNM SecuManager 3.1.0 and 3.1.1 uses ZODB storage without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-29T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zyxel CloudCNM SecuManager 3.1.0 and 3.1.1 uses ZODB storage without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-h2gg-hfpq-2f33",
"modified": "2022-09-30T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-09-30T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2020-03-09-zyxel-secumanager-0day-vulnerabilities.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/support/vulnerabilities-of-CloudCNM-SecuManager.shtml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.