CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
16845 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9VCQ-GVPP-5XGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:24In nvram, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07937113; Issue ID: ALPS07937113.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20821"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In nvram, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07937113; Issue ID: ALPS07937113.",
"id": "GHSA-9vcq-gvpp-5xgr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:24:17Z",
"published": "2023-09-04T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/September-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VH2-J2VG-H96G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-28 00:39 – Updated: 2024-11-28 00:39Fuji Electric Tellus Lite V-Simulator 5 V8 File Parsing Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Fuji Electric Tellus Lite. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of V8 files in the V-Simulator 5 component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24770.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-28T00:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Fuji Electric Tellus Lite V-Simulator 5 V8 File Parsing Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Fuji Electric Tellus Lite. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of V8 files in the V-Simulator 5 component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24770.",
"id": "GHSA-9vh2-j2vg-h96g",
"modified": "2024-11-28T00:39:27Z",
"published": "2024-11-28T00:39:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-1628"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VHF-78V4-49CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-23 00:00SWFTools commit 772e55a2 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via /multiarch/memmove-vec-unaligned-erms.S.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-21T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SWFTools commit 772e55a2 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via /multiarch/memmove-vec-unaligned-erms.S.",
"id": "GHSA-9vhf-78v4-49cq",
"modified": "2022-09-23T00:00:45Z",
"published": "2022-09-22T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matthiaskramm/swftools/issues/181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cvjark/Poc/blob/main/swftools/gif2swf/CVE-2022-35086.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VHM-V77V-QRPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-20 00:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_sonos, at 0x9d01d16c, the value for the g_group_off key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x2b0.This buffer is 32 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16318"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_sonos, at 0x9d01d16c, the value for the `g_group_off` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x2b0`.This buffer is 32 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-9vhm-v77v-qrpq",
"modified": "2023-01-20T00:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VJ8-FR5M-Q39W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:09An exploitable heap overflow vulnerability exists in the way CoTURN 4.5.1.1 web server parses POST requests. A specially crafted HTTP POST request can lead to information leaks and other misbehavior. An attacker needs to send an HTTPS request to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An exploitable heap overflow vulnerability exists in the way CoTURN 4.5.1.1 web server parses POST requests. A specially crafted HTTP POST request can lead to information leaks and other misbehavior. An attacker needs to send an HTTPS request to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9vj8-fr5m-q39w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:09:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:09:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HQZZPI34LAS3SFNW6Z2ZJ46RKVGEODNA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OUVZRXW5ZIGWVKOLF3NPXRPP74YX7BUY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XN2NK6FT7AMW5UIZNXDNHKEAYWAUMGSF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-0984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4415-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4711"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VMQ-X9JX-2958
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-18 00:00OTFCC v0.10.4 was discovered to contain a heap-buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6b05ce.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OTFCC v0.10.4 was discovered to contain a heap-buffer overflow via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x6b05ce.",
"id": "GHSA-9vmq-x9jx-2958",
"modified": "2022-08-18T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-08-17T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cvjark.github.io/2022/07/06/CVE-2022-33047"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VMX-7MC4-V47M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-27 00:31A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC5 15.03.06.47. This issue affects the function formSetCfm of the file /goform/setcfm of the component POST Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument funcpara1 leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4904"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T00:16:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC5 15.03.06.47. This issue affects the function formSetCfm of the file /goform/setcfm of the component POST Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument funcpara1 leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-9vmx-7mc4-v47m",
"modified": "2026-03-27T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T00:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lavender-bicycle-a5a.notion.site/Tenda_AC5_setcfm_funcpara1-32053a41781f8073a4d6ef8076abe644?source=copy_link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.353655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.353655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.777381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VQ4-GG6C-67HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-25 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-27 06:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
HID: multitouch: fix out-of-bounds bit access on mt_io_flags
mt_io_flags is a single unsigned long, but mt_process_slot(), mt_release_pending_palms() and mt_release_contacts() use it as a per-slot bitmap indexed by the slot number. That slot number is only bounded by td->maxcontacts, which is taken from the device's ContactCountMaximum feature report and can be up to 255, not by BITS_PER_LONG.
As a result, a multitouch device that advertises a large contact count makes set_bit()/clear_bit() operate past the mt_io_flags word and corrupt the adjacent members of struct mt_device. The sticky-fingers release timer is the easiest way to reach this. mt_release_contacts() runs
for (i = 0; i < mt->num_slots; i++)
clear_bit(i, &td->mt_io_flags);
with num_slots == maxcontacts. For maxcontacts around 250 the loop clears the bits that overlap td->applications.next, zeroing that list head, and the list_for_each_entry() that immediately follows then dereferences NULL. The kernel panics from timer (softirq) context. On a KASAN build this shows up as a general protection fault in mt_release_contacts() with a null-ptr-deref at offset 0x58, which is offsetof(struct mt_application, num_received).
The state is reachable from an untrusted USB or Bluetooth HID multitouch device; no local privileges are required.
Store the per-slot active state in a separately allocated bitmap sized for maxcontacts, the same pattern already used for pending_palm_slots, and keep only MT_IO_FLAGS_RUNNING in mt_io_flags. The two "mt_io_flags & MT_IO_SLOTS_MASK" arming checks become bitmap_empty(td->active_slots, td->maxcontacts).
Move MT_IO_FLAGS_RUNNING back to bit 0. It was bumped to bit 32 by the same commit to leave the low byte for the slot bits; with the slot bits gone it fits in bit 0 again, which also keeps it within the unsigned long on 32-bit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64364"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-25T10:17:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nHID: multitouch: fix out-of-bounds bit access on mt_io_flags\n\nmt_io_flags is a single unsigned long, but mt_process_slot(),\nmt_release_pending_palms() and mt_release_contacts() use it as a\nper-slot bitmap indexed by the slot number. That slot number is only\nbounded by td-\u003emaxcontacts, which is taken from the device\u0027s\nContactCountMaximum feature report and can be up to 255, not by\nBITS_PER_LONG.\n\nAs a result, a multitouch device that advertises a large contact count\nmakes set_bit()/clear_bit() operate past the mt_io_flags word and\ncorrupt the adjacent members of struct mt_device. The sticky-fingers\nrelease timer is the easiest way to reach this. mt_release_contacts()\nruns\n\n\tfor (i = 0; i \u003c mt-\u003enum_slots; i++)\n\t\tclear_bit(i, \u0026td-\u003emt_io_flags);\n\nwith num_slots == maxcontacts. For maxcontacts around 250 the loop\nclears the bits that overlap td-\u003eapplications.next, zeroing that list\nhead, and the list_for_each_entry() that immediately follows then\ndereferences NULL. The kernel panics from timer (softirq) context. On a\nKASAN build this shows up as a general protection fault in\nmt_release_contacts() with a null-ptr-deref at offset 0x58, which is\noffsetof(struct mt_application, num_received).\n\nThe state is reachable from an untrusted USB or Bluetooth HID\nmultitouch device; no local privileges are required.\n\nStore the per-slot active state in a separately allocated bitmap sized\nfor maxcontacts, the same pattern already used for pending_palm_slots,\nand keep only MT_IO_FLAGS_RUNNING in mt_io_flags. The two\n\"mt_io_flags \u0026 MT_IO_SLOTS_MASK\" arming checks become\nbitmap_empty(td-\u003eactive_slots, td-\u003emaxcontacts).\n\nMove MT_IO_FLAGS_RUNNING back to bit 0. It was bumped to bit 32 by the\nsame commit to leave the low byte for the slot bits; with the slot bits\ngone it fits in bit 0 again, which also keeps it within the unsigned\nlong on 32-bit.",
"id": "GHSA-9vq4-gg6c-67hr",
"modified": "2026-07-27T06:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-25T12:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12e90656e330ff8bbaf2f29c535fdb8a11cc6f55"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/152983d87387f6a8ae72b73474cfa55fbcf1ec75"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37daa8c96bd563d03150e23f094cb60703594a6d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6493ebf9489efef0105078377b973ab33d51af22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8813b0612275cc61fe9e6603d0ee019247ade6be"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6d5ce2e1a2d7bf189bde8a659d04b65f0b0725d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5c037d6b807017e74a115288f81bc9cd5a5aab8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e24918ee67c4dc3d20d4670750e46e9b160365f4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9VR7-48XW-7C8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37In /SM8250_Q_Master/android/vendor/oppo_charger/oppo/oppo_vooc.c, the function proc_fastchg_fw_update_write in proc_fastchg_fw_update_write does not check the parameter len, resulting in a vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11834"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-31T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In /SM8250_Q_Master/android/vendor/oppo_charger/oppo/oppo_vooc.c, the function proc_fastchg_fw_update_write in proc_fastchg_fw_update_write does not check the parameter len, resulting in a vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9vr7-48xw-7c8q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.oppo.com/en/noticedetails.html?noticeId=NOTICE-1333235676610830336"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9VRG-CPF5-HCHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30D-Link DAP-1360 webproc var:menu Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-1360 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the handling requests to the /cgi-bin/webproc endpoint. When parsing the var:menu parameter, the process does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-18414.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DAP-1360 webproc var:menu Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-1360 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling requests to the /cgi-bin/webproc endpoint. When parsing the var:menu parameter, the process does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-18414.",
"id": "GHSA-9vrg-cpf5-hchw",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-528"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.