Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
16207 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-46H5-QC35-FVCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-08 15:32 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:32
VLAI
Details
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write in the RFC2047 encoded-word parser.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16340"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-08T13:17:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write in the RFC2047 encoded-word parser.",
"id": "GHSA-46h5-qc35-fvcx",
"modified": "2026-10-08T15:32:58Z",
"published": "2026-10-08T15:32:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7289775"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46HW-RJQ2-89R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 00:00
VLAI
Details
libsixel before 1.10 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in libsixel/src/quant.c:867.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "libsixel before 1.10 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in libsixel/src/quant.c:867.",
"id": "GHSA-46hw-rjq2-89r4",
"modified": "2022-04-15T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-04-09T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libsixel/libsixel/issues/25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46MW-XWC9-F8HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:03
VLAI
Details
The LZW decompressor in the LWZReadByte function in giftoppm.c in the David Koblas GIF decoder in PBMPLUS, as used in the gif_read_lzw function in filter/image-gif.c in CUPS before 1.4.7, the LZWReadByte function in plug-ins/common/file-gif-load.c in GIMP 2.6.11 and earlier, the LZWReadByte function in img/gifread.c in XPCE in SWI-Prolog 5.10.4 and earlier, and other products, does not properly handle code words that are absent from the decompression table when encountered, which allows remote attackers to trigger an infinite loop or a heap-based buffer overflow, and possibly execute arbitrary code, via a crafted compressed stream, a related issue to CVE-2006-1168 and CVE-2011-2895.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-2896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-08-19T17:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The LZW decompressor in the LWZReadByte function in giftoppm.c in the David Koblas GIF decoder in PBMPLUS, as used in the gif_read_lzw function in filter/image-gif.c in CUPS before 1.4.7, the LZWReadByte function in plug-ins/common/file-gif-load.c in GIMP 2.6.11 and earlier, the LZWReadByte function in img/gifread.c in XPCE in SWI-Prolog 5.10.4 and earlier, and other products, does not properly handle code words that are absent from the decompression table when encountered, which allows remote attackers to trigger an infinite loop or a heap-based buffer overflow, and possibly execute arbitrary code, via a crafted compressed stream, a related issue to CVE-2006-1168 and CVE-2011-2895.",
"id": "GHSA-46mw-xwc9-f8hc",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:03:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-2896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=727800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=730338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://cups.org/str.php?L3867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.gnome.org/browse/gimp/commit/?id=376ad788c1a1c31d40f18494889c383f6909ebfc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-August/064600.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-August/064873.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-September/065527.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-September/065539.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-September/065550.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-September/065651.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1180.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1181.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/45621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/45900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/45945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/45948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/46024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/50737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-23.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2011/dsa-2354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2011:146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2011:167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/08/10/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2011-1635.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/49148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1025929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.swi-prolog.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7#c4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1207-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1214-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-46P5-MC5G-F2FG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-18 00:01
VLAI
Details
In setClientStateLocked of SurfaceFlinger.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-193034677
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In setClientStateLocked of SurfaceFlinger.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-193034677",
"id": "GHSA-46p5-mc5g-f2fg",
"modified": "2021-12-18T00:01:12Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:00:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-46P8-FQ5W-WFWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:30 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:30
VLAI
Details
In impd_parametric_drc_parse_gain_set_params of impd_drc_static_payload.c there is a possible out of bounds write due to missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-116715937.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-07T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In impd_parametric_drc_parse_gain_set_params of impd_drc_static_payload.c there is a possible out of bounds write due to missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-116715937.",
"id": "GHSA-46p8-fq5w-wfwr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:30:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-11-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46PW-MQWX-GHM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-22 21:32 – Updated: 2024-11-22 21:32
VLAI
Details
Luxion KeyShot OBJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Luxion KeyShot. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of obj files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-23697.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Luxion KeyShot OBJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Luxion KeyShot. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of obj files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-23697.",
"id": "GHSA-46pw-mqwx-ghm8",
"modified": "2024-11-22T21:32:18Z",
"published": "2024-11-22T21:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.keyshot.com/cert/ksa-655925/ksa-655925.pdf?version=1.0\u0026_gl=1*1vzfrlf*_gcl_au*MTIxNTA2Njg4MS4xNzMxNTMwMjIx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-1610"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46QV-GX85-99HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-20 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-20 09:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN530H4, WN530HG4 and WN572HG3 up to 20221028. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function Goto_chidx of the file login.cgi of the component Front-End Authentication Page. The manipulation of the argument wlanUrl leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be initiated within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-20T08:15:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN530H4, WN530HG4 and WN572HG3 up to 20221028. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function Goto_chidx of the file login.cgi of the component Front-End Authentication Page. The manipulation of the argument wlanUrl leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be initiated within the local network. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-46qv-gx85-99hh",
"modified": "2024-10-20T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-10-20T09:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PodIMRe1f0Ql83jUXV5VIoc-Xsf9VC1K"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.280968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.280968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.422834"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-46R2-W44R-8QR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-28 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:57
VLAI
Details
D-Link DIR-619L B1 2.02 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via formLanguageChange function.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43862"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-28T14:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-619L B1 2.02 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via formLanguageChange function.",
"id": "GHSA-46r2-w44r-8qr8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:57:00Z",
"published": "2023-09-28T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43862"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/YTrick/vuln/blob/main/DIR-619L%20Buffer%20Overflow_1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46RV-VF36-7M9J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 00:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Impacted is the function cgi_addgroup_get_group_quota_minsize of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Name results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T22:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Impacted is the function cgi_addgroup_get_group_quota_minsize of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Name results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
"id": "GHSA-46rv-vf36-7m9j",
"modified": "2026-04-01T00:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T00:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_169/169.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/780439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354349/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-46V6-HQ2C-4H25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-25 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-25 12:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda 4G300 1.01.42 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_41E858. The manipulation of the argument GO/page leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The identifier VDB-261985 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-25T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Tenda 4G300 1.01.42 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_41E858. The manipulation of the argument GO/page leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The identifier VDB-261985 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-46v6-hq2c-4h25",
"modified": "2024-04-25T12:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-04-25T12:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/G3/4G300/sub_41E858_GO.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.261985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.261985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.318981"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.