Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
16148 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3X4W-8MH5-3XJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:21 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:21
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the drill format T-code tool number functionality of Gerbv 2.7.0, dev (commit b5f1eacd), and the forked version of Gerbv (commit 71493260). A specially-crafted drill file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40391"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the drill format T-code tool number functionality of Gerbv 2.7.0, dev (commit b5f1eacd), and the forked version of Gerbv (commit 71493260). A specially-crafted drill file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3x4w-8mh5-3xjq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:21:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:21:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/12/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TUM5GIUZJ7AVHVCXDZW6ZVCAPV2ISN47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1402"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X55-G2VP-HV3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-06 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-06 09:30
VLAI
Details
When decoding a frame for a SANM file (ANIM v0 variant), the decoded data can be larger than the buffer allocated for it.
Frames encoded with codec 48 can specify their resolution (width x height). A buffer of appropriate size is allocated depending on the resolution.
This codec can encode the frame contents using a run-length encoding algorithm. There are no checks that the decoded frame fits in the allocated buffer, leading to a heap-buffer-overflow.
process_frame_obj initializes the buffers based on the frame resolution:
We recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-06T08:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When decoding a frame for a SANM file (ANIM v0 variant), the decoded data can be larger than the buffer allocated for it.\n\nFrames encoded with codec 48 can specify their resolution (width x height). A buffer of appropriate size is allocated depending on the resolution.\n\nThis codec can encode the frame contents using a run-length encoding algorithm. There are no checks that the decoded frame fits in the allocated buffer, leading to a heap-buffer-overflow.\n\nprocess_frame_obj\u00a0initializes the buffers based on the frame resolution:\n\n\n\nWe recommend upgrading to version 8.0 or beyond.",
"id": "GHSA-3x55-g2vp-hv3w",
"modified": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-10-06T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issuetracker.google.com/434637586"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X65-X797-C3V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-08 21:32
VLAI
Details
In TBD of TBD, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T16:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In TBD of TBD, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-3x65-x797-c3v9",
"modified": "2025-05-08T21:32:47Z",
"published": "2024-02-07T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2024-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X6F-VM7X-CGM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-04 12:30 – Updated: 2026-08-27 21:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv6: account for fraggap on the paged allocation path
In __ip6_append_data(), when the paged-allocation branch is taken (MSG_MORE / NETIF_F_SG / large fraglen), alloclen and pagedlen are computed as
alloclen = fragheaderlen + transhdrlen;
pagedlen = datalen - transhdrlen;
datalen already includes fraggap (datalen = length + fraggap). When fraggap is non-zero, this is not the first skb and transhdrlen is zero. The fraggap bytes carried over from the previous skb are copied just past the fragment headers in the new skb's linear area. The linear area is therefore undersized by fraggap bytes while pagedlen is overstated by the same amount, and the copy writes past skb->end into the trailing skb_shared_info.
An unprivileged user can trigger this via a UDPv6 socket using MSG_MORE together with MSG_SPLICE_PAGES.
The bad accounting was introduced by commit 773ba4fe9104 ("ipv6: avoid partial copy for zc"). Before commit ce650a166335 ("udp6: Fix __ip6_append_data()'s handling of MSG_SPLICE_PAGES"), the negative copy value caused -EINVAL to be returned. That later commit allowed MSG_SPLICE_PAGES to proceed in this case, making the corruption triggerable.
The non-paged branch sets alloclen to fraglen, which already accounts for fraggap because datalen does. Bring the paged branch in line by adding fraggap to alloclen and subtracting it from pagedlen.
After this adjustment, copy no longer collapses to -fraggap on the paged path, so remove the stale comment describing that old arithmetic. Since a negative copy is no longer expected for a valid MSG_SPLICE_PAGES case, remove the MSG_SPLICE_PAGES exception from the negative copy check.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53362"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-04T12:17:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv6: account for fraggap on the paged allocation path\n\nIn __ip6_append_data(), when the paged-allocation branch is taken\n(MSG_MORE / NETIF_F_SG / large fraglen), alloclen and pagedlen are\ncomputed as\n\n\talloclen = fragheaderlen + transhdrlen;\n\tpagedlen = datalen - transhdrlen;\n\ndatalen already includes fraggap (datalen = length + fraggap). When\nfraggap is non-zero, this is not the first skb and transhdrlen is zero.\nThe fraggap bytes carried over from the previous skb are copied just past\nthe fragment headers in the new skb\u0027s linear area. The linear area is\ntherefore undersized by fraggap bytes while pagedlen is overstated by the\nsame amount, and the copy writes past skb-\u003eend into the trailing\nskb_shared_info.\n\nAn unprivileged user can trigger this via a UDPv6 socket using\nMSG_MORE together with MSG_SPLICE_PAGES.\n\nThe bad accounting was introduced by commit 773ba4fe9104 (\"ipv6:\navoid partial copy for zc\"). Before commit ce650a166335 (\"udp6: Fix\n__ip6_append_data()\u0027s handling of MSG_SPLICE_PAGES\"), the negative\ncopy value caused -EINVAL to be returned. That later commit allowed\nMSG_SPLICE_PAGES to proceed in this case, making the corruption\ntriggerable.\n\nThe non-paged branch sets alloclen to fraglen, which already accounts\nfor fraggap because datalen does. Bring the paged branch in line by\nadding fraggap to alloclen and subtracting it from pagedlen.\n\nAfter this adjustment, copy no longer collapses to -fraggap on the\npaged path, so remove the stale comment describing that old arithmetic.\nSince a negative copy is no longer expected for a valid MSG_SPLICE_PAGES\ncase, remove the MSG_SPLICE_PAGES exception from the negative copy check.",
"id": "GHSA-3x6f-vm7x-cgm7",
"modified": "2026-08-27T21:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-07-04T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14200d435af9a9eeb444f529fc2f689a236b7962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46f201f8b4c39633a1fa3dc12459f506d470993d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6374fb9edf72c67a118a2c214a0dddd04c921e0a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65fb14cbebb0cd0eff903a22d33537ddc8b95769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/736b380e28d0480c7bc3e022f1950f31fe53a7c5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9eacf19281ea2498b36291b56c9606118c2d74e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-53362"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X8X-WG7P-5GQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details
Substance3D - Painter versions 10.1.0 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Substance3D - Painter versions 10.1.0 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-3x8x-wg7p-5gq4",
"modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_painter/apsb24-86.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X9J-WCG8-Q9VX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-20 00:00
VLAI
Details
IrfanView 4.54 allows a user-mode write access violation starting at FORMATS!GetPlugInInfo+0x0000000000007e6e.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23555"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-16T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IrfanView 4.54 allows a user-mode write access violation starting at FORMATS!GetPlugInInfo+0x0000000000007e6e.",
"id": "GHSA-3x9j-wcg8-q9vx",
"modified": "2022-09-20T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-09-17T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhiephon/Research"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.irfanview.com/plugins.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X9P-453G-P8W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-11 00:00
VLAI
Details
Tenda AC18 router v15.03.05.19 and v15.03.05.05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the urls parameter at /goform/saveParentControlInfo.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-07T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC18 router v15.03.05.19 and v15.03.05.05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the urls parameter at /goform/saveParentControlInfo.",
"id": "GHSA-3x9p-453g-p8w7",
"modified": "2022-09-11T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-09-08T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rickytriky/NWPU_Projct/tree/main/Tenda/AC18/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XC7-8F3R-H948
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds write in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 73.0.3683.86 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-25T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out of bounds write in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 73.0.3683.86 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-3xc7-8f3r-h948",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:02:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_30.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/941743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2019-5825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156641/Google-Chrome-72-73-Array.map-Corruption.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XCV-57Q9-HRJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2022-10-07 00:00
VLAI
Details
In hpack_dht_insert in hpack-tbl.c in the HPACK decoder in HAProxy 1.8 through 2.x before 2.1.4, a remote attacker can write arbitrary bytes around a certain location on the heap via a crafted HTTP/2 request, possibly causing remote code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-02T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In hpack_dht_insert in hpack-tbl.c in the HPACK decoder in HAProxy 1.8 through 2.x before 2.1.4, a remote attacker can write arbitrary bytes around a certain location on the heap via a crafted HTTP/2 request, possibly causing remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3xcv-57q9-hrj2",
"modified": "2022-10-07T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:13:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1819111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1168023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.haproxy.org/?p=haproxy.git;a=commit;h=5dfc5d5cd0d2128d77253ead3acf03a421ab5b88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/2020/msg00052.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/264C7UL3X7L7QE74ZJ557IOUFS3J4QQC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MNW5RZLIX7LOXRLV7WMHX22CI43XSXKW"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202012-22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4321-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4649"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.1/src/CHANGELOG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/haproxy@formilux.org/msg36876.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/157323/haproxy-hpack-tbl.c-Out-Of-Bounds-Write.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.haproxy.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XCX-J8JR-M5VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31
VLAI
Details
Buffer Overflow vulnerability in libxlsv.1.6.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service via a crafted XLS file to the unicode_decode_wcstombs function in xlstool.c:266.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38852"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-15T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in libxlsv.1.6.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service via a crafted XLS file to the unicode_decode_wcstombs function in xlstool.c:266.",
"id": "GHSA-3xcx-j8jr-m5vv",
"modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:12Z",
"published": "2023-08-15T18:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libxls/libxls/issues/124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JQYGEBDBCOWBRHOW44BSSRADUOZBXHUE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YHBUPYF2NX34HNAWZ3WYHKWU3KWVQUSV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JQYGEBDBCOWBRHOW44BSSRADUOZBXHUE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YHBUPYF2NX34HNAWZ3WYHKWU3KWVQUSV"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.