Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3HQX-6GQ9-8F86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23
VLAI
Details
drivers/misc/qseecom.c in the QSEECOM driver for the Linux kernel 3.x, as used in Qualcomm Innovation Center (QuIC) Android contributions for MSM devices and other products, does not validate certain offset, length, and base values within an ioctl call, which allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-12-24T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "drivers/misc/qseecom.c in the QSEECOM driver for the Linux kernel 3.x, as used in Qualcomm Innovation Center (QuIC) Android contributions for MSM devices and other products, does not validate certain offset, length, and base values within an ioctl call, which allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted application.",
"id": "GHSA-3hqx-6gq9-8f86",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.codeaurora.org/projects/security-advisories/memory-corruption-qseecom-driver-cve-2014-4322"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3HRH-P3GR-MV3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 00:31 – Updated: 2024-03-28 00:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775). This issue affects the function fromNatStaticSetting of the file /goform/NatStaticSetting. The manipulation of the argument page leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-258293 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T23:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Tenda FH1205 2.0.0.7(775). This issue affects the function fromNatStaticSetting of the file /goform/NatStaticSetting. The manipulation of the argument page leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-258293 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-3hrh-p3gr-mv3p",
"modified": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T00:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1205/fromNatStaticSetting.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.258293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.258293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.301486"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HV4-R3G6-P2WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the boa formDnsv6 functionality of Realtek rtl819x Jungle SDK v3.4.11. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
7.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48270"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-08T16:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the boa formDnsv6 functionality of Realtek rtl819x Jungle SDK v3.4.11. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3hv4-r3g6-p2wr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:07Z",
"published": "2024-07-08T18:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1876"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HVV-XGR4-FR7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 18:14
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: venus: hfi: add a check to handle OOB in sfr region
sfr->buf_size is in shared memory and can be modified by malicious user. OOB write is possible when the size is made higher than actual sfr data buffer. Cap the size to allocated size for such cases.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T13:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmedia: venus: hfi: add a check to handle OOB in sfr region\n\nsfr-\u003ebuf_size is in shared memory and can be modified by malicious user.\nOOB write is possible when the size is made higher than actual sfr data\nbuffer. Cap the size to allocated size for such cases.",
"id": "GHSA-3hvv-xgr4-fr7x",
"modified": "2025-11-05T18:14:26Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1b8fb257234e7d2d4b3f48af07c5aa5e11c71634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4dd109038d513b92d4d33524ffc89ba32e02ba48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e95233af57715d81830fe82b408c633edff59f4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/530f623f56a6680792499a8404083e17f8ec51f4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5af611c70fb889d46d2f654b8996746e59556750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8879397c0da5e5ec1515262995e82cdfd61b282a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a062d8de0be5525ec8c52f070acf7607ec8cbfe4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d78a8388a27b265fcb2b8d064f088168ac9356b0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4b211714bcc70effa60c34d9fa613d182e3ef1e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HW2-H67C-WQ66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2025-09-30 17:57
VLAI
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion in Akka HTTP
Details
Akka HTTP 10.1.x and 10.2.x before 10.2.7 can encounter stack exhaustion while parsing HTTP headers, which allows a remote attacker to conduct a Denial of Service attack by sending a User-Agent header with deeply nested comments.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.1.15"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13.0-RC3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.1.15"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13.0-RC2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.1.15"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13.0-M5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.1.15"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:aakka-http-core_2.13.0-M3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.13"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.2.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.2.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.12"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.12"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.2.0-M1"
},
{
"fixed": "10.2.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.typesafe.akka:akka-http-core_2.11"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.1.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-674",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-21T20:08:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-02T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Akka HTTP 10.1.x and 10.2.x before 10.2.7 can encounter stack exhaustion while parsing HTTP headers, which allows a remote attacker to conduct a Denial of Service attack by sending a User-Agent header with deeply nested comments.",
"id": "GHSA-3hw2-h67c-wq66",
"modified": "2025-09-30T17:57:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/akka/akka-http/pull/3924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://akka.io/blog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://akka.io/blog/news/2021/11/02/akka-http-10.2.7-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://akka.io/blog/news/2021/11/22/akka-http-10.1.15-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka-http/current/security/2021-CVE-2021-42697-stack-overflow-parsing-user-agent.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/akka/akka-http"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167018/Akka-HTTP-10.1.14-Denial-Of-Service.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Uncontrolled Recursion in Akka HTTP"
}
GHSA-3HXG-QG6F-X2WP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 00:00
VLAI
Details
GPAC mp4box 1.1.0-DEV-rev1727-g8be34973d-master has a stack-overflow vulnerability in function gf_isom_get_sample_for_movie_time of mp4box.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27145"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "GPAC mp4box 1.1.0-DEV-rev1727-g8be34973d-master has a stack-overflow vulnerability in function gf_isom_get_sample_for_movie_time of mp4box.",
"id": "GHSA-3hxg-qg6f-x2wp",
"modified": "2022-04-15T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-04-09T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/2108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J27-47WQ-GHMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 03:31 – Updated: 2025-03-04 18:33
VLAI
Details
In wlan AP FW, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00389074; Issue ID: MSV-1803.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In wlan AP FW, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00389074; Issue ID: MSV-1803.",
"id": "GHSA-3j27-47wq-ghmh",
"modified": "2025-03-04T18:33:28Z",
"published": "2025-03-03T03:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/March-2025"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J3V-V8VH-9MW9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-05-06 21:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
firmware: thead: Fix buffer overflow and use standard endian macros
Addresses two issues in the TH1520 AON firmware protocol driver:
-
Fix a potential buffer overflow where the code used unsafe pointer arithmetic to access the 'mode' field through the 'resource' pointer with an offset. This was flagged by Smatch static checker as: "buffer overflow 'data' 2 <= 3"
-
Replace custom RPC_SET_BE and RPC_GET_BE macros with standard kernel endianness conversion macros (cpu_to_be16, etc.) for better portability and maintainability.
The functionality was re-tested with the GPU power-up sequence, confirming the GPU powers up correctly and the driver probes successfully.
[ 12.702370] powervr ffef400000.gpu: [drm] loaded firmware powervr/rogue_36.52.104.182_v1.fw [ 12.711043] powervr ffef400000.gpu: [drm] FW version v1.0 (build 6645434 OS) [ 12.719787] [drm] Initialized powervr 1.0.0 for ffef400000.gpu on minor 0
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T18:16:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfirmware: thead: Fix buffer overflow and use standard endian macros\n\nAddresses two issues in the TH1520 AON firmware protocol driver:\n\n1. Fix a potential buffer overflow where the code used unsafe pointer\n arithmetic to access the \u0027mode\u0027 field through the \u0027resource\u0027 pointer\n with an offset. This was flagged by Smatch static checker as:\n \"buffer overflow \u0027data\u0027 2 \u003c= 3\"\n\n2. Replace custom RPC_SET_BE* and RPC_GET_BE* macros with standard\n kernel endianness conversion macros (cpu_to_be16, etc.) for better\n portability and maintainability.\n\nThe functionality was re-tested with the GPU power-up sequence,\nconfirming the GPU powers up correctly and the driver probes\nsuccessfully.\n\n[ 12.702370] powervr ffef400000.gpu: [drm] loaded firmware\npowervr/rogue_36.52.104.182_v1.fw\n[ 12.711043] powervr ffef400000.gpu: [drm] FW version v1.0 (build\n6645434 OS)\n[ 12.719787] [drm] Initialized powervr 1.0.0 for ffef400000.gpu on\nminor 0",
"id": "GHSA-3j3v-v8vh-9mw9",
"modified": "2026-05-06T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T18:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88c4bd90725557796c15878b7cb70066e9e6b5ab"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd15a5deb5a7251dc1a0cf9186f0253f7eacdb97"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbdb43f6bb2a15ed382d6eb0ef82c8b07b0d47bb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J48-8JPP-XPWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:46
VLAI
Details
An improper input validation in IpcTxCfgSetSimlockPayload in libsec-ril prior to SMR Aug-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds write.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-10T02:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An improper input validation in IpcTxCfgSetSimlockPayload in libsec-ril prior to SMR Aug-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds write.",
"id": "GHSA-3j48-8jpp-xpwx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:46:35Z",
"published": "2023-08-10T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3J4Q-CM56-9492
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-15 21:31
VLAI
Details
Tenda FH1201 v1.2.0.14 (408) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the delno parameter in the fromPptpUserSetting function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42948"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1201 v1.2.0.14 (408) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the delno parameter in the fromPptpUserSetting function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-3j4q-cm56-9492",
"modified": "2024-08-15T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2024-08-15T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TTTJJJWWW/AHU-IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH1201/fromPptpUserSetting.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.