CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X974-95VH-VG74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:59An issue was discovered on Securifi Almond, Almond+, and Almond 2015 devices with firmware AL-R096. The device provides a user with the capability of adding new port forwarding rules to the device. It seems that the POST parameters passed in this request to set up routes on the device can be set in such a way that would result in passing commands to a "system" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version AL-R096 is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cpio-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The binary "goahead" is the one that has the vulnerable function that recieves the values sent by the POST request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows a MIPS little endian format. The function sub_43C280in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the POST request and the value set in POST parameter "ip_address" is extracted at address 0x0043C2F0. The POST parameter "ipaddress" is concatenated at address 0x0043C958 and this is passed to a "system" function at address 0x00437284. This allows an attacker to provide the payload of his/her choice and finally take control of the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Securifi Almond, Almond+, and Almond 2015 devices with firmware AL-R096. The device provides a user with the capability of adding new port forwarding rules to the device. It seems that the POST parameters passed in this request to set up routes on the device can be set in such a way that would result in passing commands to a \"system\" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version AL-R096 is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cpio-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The binary \"goahead\" is the one that has the vulnerable function that recieves the values sent by the POST request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows a MIPS little endian format. The function sub_43C280in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the POST request and the value set in POST parameter \"ip_address\" is extracted at address 0x0043C2F0. The POST parameter \"ipaddress\" is concatenated at address 0x0043C958 and this is passed to a \"system\" function at address 0x00437284. This allows an attacker to provide the payload of his/her choice and finally take control of the device.",
"id": "GHSA-x974-95vh-vg74",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:59:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Securifi_Almond_plus_sec_issues.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153227/Securifi-Almond-2015-Buffer-Overflow-Command-Injection-XSS-CSRF.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9G2-R4VG-PC65
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45572"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-x9g2-r4vg-pc65",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:26Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45572"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064094/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0080"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X9H5-5HQG-QQ6H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 03:30Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-x9h5-5hqg-qq6h",
"modified": "2023-03-04T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-002.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9QV-5M74-X74P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2023-07-11 18:31A vulnerability has been identified in CP-8031 MASTER MODULE (All versions < CPCI85 V05), CP-8050 MASTER MODULE (All versions < CPCI85 V05). Affected devices are vulnerable to command injection via the web server port 443/tcp, if the parameter “Remote Operation” is enabled. The parameter is disabled by default. The vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform arbitrary code execution on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in CP-8031 MASTER MODULE (All versions \u003c CPCI85 V05), CP-8050 MASTER MODULE (All versions \u003c CPCI85 V05). Affected devices are vulnerable to command injection via the web server port 443/tcp, if the parameter \u201cRemote Operation\u201d is enabled. The parameter is disabled by default.\nThe vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform arbitrary code execution on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-x9qv-5m74-x74p",
"modified": "2023-07-11T18:31:19Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-472454.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173370/Siemens-A8000-CP-8050-CP-8031-Code-Execution-Command-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9R9-48RM-4XM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-09-19 18:33FitNesse all releases allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.fitnesse:fitnesse"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "20240707"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-29T18:02:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-18T08:15:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FitNesse all releases allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands.",
"id": "GHSA-x9r9-48rm-4xm6",
"modified": "2025-09-19T18:33:24Z",
"published": "2024-03-18T09:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28125"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/unclebob/fitnesse"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unclebob/fitnesse/blob/master/SECURITY.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN94521208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://fitnesse.org/FitNesseDownload"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FitNesse allows execution of arbitrary OS commands"
}
GHSA-X9RG-F8PV-J6RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-08 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:31Advantech EKI-1524, EKI-1522, EKI-1521 devices through 1.21 are affected by an command injection vulnerability in the device name input field, which can be triggered by authenticated users via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Advantech EKI-1524, EKI-1522, EKI-1521 devices through 1.21 are affected by an command injection vulnerability in the device name input field, which can be triggered by authenticated users via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-x9rg-f8pv-j6rh",
"modified": "2025-02-13T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2023-05-08T15:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cyberdanube.com/en/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-advantech-eki-15xx-series"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.advantech.com/en/support/details/firmware?id=1-1J9BEBL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.advantech.com/en/support/details/firmware?id=1-1J9BECT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.advantech.com/en/support/details/firmware?id=1-1J9BED3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172307/Advantech-EKI-15XX-Series-Command-Injection-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/May/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC2W-WXJV-GWW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-23 03:30 – Updated: 2023-03-28 21:30TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 is discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function via the filename parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-23T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 is discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function via the filename parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-xc2w-wxjv-gww7",
"modified": "2023-03-28T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-03-23T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/B2eFly/CVE/blob/main/totolink/CP900/5/5.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/B2eFly/Router/blob/main/totolink/CP900/5/5.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC32-MQ6R-3364
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-26 18:30D-Link DIR-859 A1 1.05 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the service= variable in the soapcgi_main function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46476"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-19T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-859 A1 1.05 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the service= variable in the soapcgi_main function.",
"id": "GHSA-xc32-mq6r-3364",
"modified": "2023-01-26T18:30:48Z",
"published": "2023-01-20T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Insight8991/iot/blob/main/dir859%20Command%20Execution%20Vulnerability.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC54-C6JR-FVQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-xc54-c6jr-fvqj",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:32Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064081/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0057"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XC5W-VHPX-CWFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) firmware contains a command injection vulnerablility in the formexeCommand function via the cmdinput parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1202 v1.2.0.14(408) firmware contains a command injection vulnerablility in the formexeCommand function via the cmdinput parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-xc5w-vhpx-cwfr",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:40Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH/FH1202/formexecommand_cmdi.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.