CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W9WH-WWHG-6M8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the hosttime function in /setting/NTPSyncWithHost.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the hosttime function in /setting/NTPSyncWithHost.",
"id": "GHSA-w9wh-wwhg-6m8w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9WR-4926-MH54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-05 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:23An authenticated remote command injection vulnerability exists in the ArubaOS web-based management interface. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the device running ArubaOS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35972"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-05T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An authenticated remote command injection vulnerability\u00a0exists in the ArubaOS web-based management interface.\u00a0Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the\u00a0ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user\u00a0on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker\u00a0to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the\u00a0device running ArubaOS.",
"id": "GHSA-w9wr-4926-mh54",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:23:33Z",
"published": "2023-07-05T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-008.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9XR-V5MC-2RF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_12168. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_12168. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-w9xr-v5mc-2rf4",
"modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:27Z",
"published": "2022-04-11T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJ2dGrKar-WTlYz13v1f0BIsoIm3aU0l?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wu610777031/IoT_Hunter/blob/main/Inhand%20InRouter%20900%20Industrial%204G%20Router%20%20Vulnerabilities(RCE).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WC5R-583W-9MRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 18:30 – Updated: 2022-11-26 06:31TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6279_B20210910 contains a command injection via the FileName parameter in the setUploadSetting function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK NR1800X V9.1.0u.6279_B20210910 contains a command injection via the FileName parameter in the setUploadSetting function.",
"id": "GHSA-wc5r-583w-9mrq",
"modified": "2022-11-26T06:31:17Z",
"published": "2022-11-23T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/LR350-command-injection-setUploadSetting-b6d3012a3c2f43adac79c44edd57c937"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WC8H-X86J-G2MP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:47 – Updated: 2025-09-19 21:31The CreateProcess method in the BWOCXRUN.BwocxrunCtrl.1 ActiveX control in bwocxrun.ocx in Advantech WebAccess before 7.2 allows remote attackers to execute (1) setup.exe, (2) bwvbprt.exe, and (3) bwvbprtl.exe programs from arbitrary pathnames via a crafted argument, as demonstrated by a UNC share pathname.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-12T04:37:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The CreateProcess method in the BWOCXRUN.BwocxrunCtrl.1 ActiveX control in bwocxrun.ocx in Advantech WebAccess before 7.2 allows remote attackers to execute (1) setup.exe, (2) bwvbprt.exe, and (3) bwvbprtl.exe programs from arbitrary pathnames via a crafted argument, as demonstrated by a UNC share pathname.",
"id": "GHSA-wc8h-x86j-g2mp",
"modified": "2025-09-19T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:47:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-14-079-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-079-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://webaccess.advantech.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66740"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WC9R-V7X6-6JJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco DNA Spaces Connector could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack on an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient input sanitization when executing affected commands. A high-privileged attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities on a Cisco DNA Spaces Connector by injecting crafted input during command execution. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root within the Connector docker container.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-22T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco DNA Spaces Connector could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack on an affected device. These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient input sanitization when executing affected commands. A high-privileged attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities on a Cisco DNA Spaces Connector by injecting crafted input during command execution. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root within the Connector docker container.",
"id": "GHSA-wc9r-v7x6-6jjq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-dnasp-conn-cmdinj-HOj4YV5n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WCC7-VJCC-HC6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the sub_411D00 function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the sub_411D00 function.",
"id": "GHSA-wcc7-vjcc-hc6x",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/XYIYM/Digging/blob/main/TOTOLINK/X6000R/8/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.cn/index.php/home/menu/detail.html?menu_listtpl=download\u0026id=88\u0026ids=36"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WCCC-3J46-V5H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-27 00:30A weakness has been identified in Toowiredd chatgpt-mcp-server up to 0.1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file src/services/docker.service.ts of the component MCP/HTTP. This manipulation causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-26T22:17:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Toowiredd chatgpt-mcp-server up to 0.1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file src/services/docker.service.ts of the component MCP/HTTP. This manipulation causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-wccc-3j46-v5h5",
"modified": "2026-04-27T00:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T00:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Toowiredd/chatgpt-mcp-server/issues/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wing3e/public_exp/issues/28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Toowiredd/chatgpt-mcp-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/798613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359636/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WCFV-V4FH-J2VC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-07 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:50Tenda AC10 v15.03.06.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the mac parameter in the function formWriteFacMac.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37144"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-07T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10 v15.03.06.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the mac parameter in the function formWriteFacMac.",
"id": "GHSA-wcfv-v4fh-j2vc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:50:27Z",
"published": "2023-07-07T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DaDong-G/Vulnerability_info/blob/main/ac10_command_injection/Readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WCGF-JQ4H-MG8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-12 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-30 03:30A command injection vulnerability exists in the /check_image_and_trigger_recovery API endpoint of Bitdefender Box 1 (firmware version 1.3.11.490). This flaw allows an unauthenticated, network-adjacent attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device, potentially leading to full remote code execution (RCE).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-12T12:15:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the /check_image_and_trigger_recovery\u00a0API endpoint of Bitdefender Box 1 (firmware version 1.3.11.490). This flaw allows an unauthenticated, network-adjacent attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device, potentially leading to full remote code execution (RCE).",
"id": "GHSA-wcgf-jq4h-mg8f",
"modified": "2025-07-30T03:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-03-12T12:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitdefender.com/support/security-advisories/unauthenticated-command-injection-in-bitdefender-box-v1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.