CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VV59-HFVC-2J7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-08 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 15:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Teledyne FLIR AX8 up to 1.46.16. Affected is an unknown function of the file palette.php of the component Web Service Handler. The manipulation of the argument palette leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-215118 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4364"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-707",
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Teledyne FLIR AX8 up to 1.46.16. Affected is an unknown function of the file palette.php of the component Web Service Handler. The manipulation of the argument palette leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-215118 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-vv59-hfvc-2j7h",
"modified": "2025-10-15T15:30:18Z",
"published": "2022-12-08T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siriuswhiter/VulnHub/blob/main/Flir/02-FLIR-AX8%20palette.php%20%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E/FLIR-AX8%20palette.php%20%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.215118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.215118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.55748"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VV65-4HR2-J64C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-05 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-05 00:30A security vulnerability has been detected in MoussaabBadla code-screenshot-mcp up to 0.1.0. This affects an unknown part of the component HTTP Interface. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-05T00:16:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in MoussaabBadla code-screenshot-mcp up to 0.1.0. This affects an unknown part of the component HTTP Interface. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-vv65-4hr2-j64c",
"modified": "2026-04-05T00:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-04-05T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wing3e/public_exp/issues/23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/782064"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355281/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VV6C-48Q6-6P34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-14 00:00TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setDeviceName of the file global.so which can control thedeviceName to attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-03T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setDeviceName of the file global.so which can control thedeviceName to attack.",
"id": "GHSA-vv6c-48q6-6p34",
"modified": "2022-06-14T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-06-04T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/p1Kk/vuln/blob/main/totolink_ex1200t_devicename_rce.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VVFW-X7GP-FRC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:00TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the webwlanidx parameter in /setting/setWebWlanIdx.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the webwlanidx parameter in /setting/setWebWlanIdx.",
"id": "GHSA-vvfw-x7gp-frc8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:00:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VVH2-82C7-PPFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-30 06:30 – Updated: 2024-01-30 18:43Versions of the package network before 0.7.0 are vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given to the mac_address_for function of the package, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the operating system that this package is being run on.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "network"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21488"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-30T18:43:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-30T05:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions of the package network before 0.7.0 are vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to use of the `child_process` exec function without input sanitization. If (attacker-controlled) user input is given to the `mac_address_for` function of the package, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the operating system that this package is being run on.",
"id": "GHSA-vvh2-82c7-ppfg",
"modified": "2024-01-30T18:43:05Z",
"published": "2024-01-30T06:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tomas/network/commit/5599ed6d6ff1571a5ccadea775430c131f381de7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tomas/network/commit/6ec8713580938ab4666df2f2d0f3399891ed2ad7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tomas/network/commit/72c523265940fe279eb0050d441522628f8988e5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/icemonster/282ab98fb68fc22aac7c576538f6369c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tomas/network"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-NETWORK-6184371"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "network Arbitrary Command Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-VVJ3-85VF-FGMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-04 19:33Versions of the package global-modules-path before 3.0.0 are vulnerable to Command Injection due to missing input sanitization or other checks and sandboxes being employed to the getPath function.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "global-modules-path"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-13T21:33:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of the package global-modules-path before 3.0.0 are vulnerable to Command Injection due to missing input sanitization or other checks and sandboxes being employed to the getPath function.",
"id": "GHSA-vvj3-85vf-fgmw",
"modified": "2025-04-04T19:33:44Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rosen-vladimirov/global-modules-path/commit/edbdaff077ea0cf295b1469923c06bbccad3c180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lorenzomigliorero/npm-node-utils/blob/b55dd81c597db657c9751332bb2242403fd3e26b/index.js%23L186"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rosen-vladimirov/global-modules-path"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rosen-vladimirov/global-modules-path/releases/tag/v3.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-GLOBALMODULESPATH-3167973"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "global-modules-path Command Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-VVJ9-JPHF-5VFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-09 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-10 09:30Mware NSX contains a command injection vulnerability.
A malicious actor with access to the NSX Edge CLI terminal may be able to craft malicious payloads to execute arbitrary commands on the operating system as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-09T20:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mware NSX contains a command injection vulnerability.\u00a0\n\nA malicious actor with access to the NSX Edge CLI terminal may be able to craft malicious payloads to execute arbitrary commands on the operating system as root.",
"id": "GHSA-vvj9-jphf-5vfh",
"modified": "2024-10-10T09:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-10-09T21:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25047"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VVM5-QPFC-95C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-10 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-10 09:30A vulnerability was identified in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. The affected element is the function SessionController of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/session. Such manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15502"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-10T08:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. The affected element is the function SessionController of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/session. Such manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-vvm5-qpfc-95c2",
"modified": "2026-01-10T09:30:19Z",
"published": "2026-01-10T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/14#issue-3770634476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.340347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.340347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.727217"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VVV3-7CRR-PXRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-23 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-29 09:30TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setPasswordCfg function via the adminuser and adminpassparameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28496"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setPasswordCfg function via the adminuser and adminpassparameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-vvv3-7crr-pxrc",
"modified": "2023-03-29T09:30:32Z",
"published": "2023-03-23T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/B2eFly/Router/blob/main/totolink/CP900/1/1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VW27-FWJF-5QXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-22 16:20 – Updated: 2024-10-16 20:48Impact
Starting with qutebrowser v1.7.0, the Windows installer for qutebrowser registers it as a handler for certain URL schemes. With some applications such as Outlook Desktop, opening a specially crafted URL can lead to argument injection, allowing execution of qutebrowser commands, which in turn allows arbitrary code execution via commands such as :spawn or :debug-pyeval.
Only Windows installs where qutebrowser is registered as URL handler are affected. It does not have to be set as default browser for the exploit to work.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in qutebrowser v2.4.0 in commit 8f46ba3f6dc7b18375f7aa63c48a1fe461190430.
The fix also adds additional hardening for potential similar issues on Linux (by adding the new --untrusted-args flag to the .desktop file), though no such vulnerabilities are known.
Backported patches for older versions are available, but no further releases are planned:
- v1.7.x: d1ceaab
- v1.8.x: ca7155d
- v1.9.x: 157d871
- v1.10.x: 94a6125
- v1.11.x: 10acfbb
- v1.12.x: 363a18f
- v1.13.x: 410f262
- v1.14.x: e4f4d93
- v2.0.x: 15a1654
- v2.1.x: 509ddf2
- v2.2.x: 03dcba5
- v2.3.x: 00a694c
(commits are referring to qutebrowser/qutebrowser on GitHub)
Workarounds
Remove qutebrowser from the default browser settings entirely, so that it does not handle any kind of URLs. Make sure to remove all handlers, including an (accidental) qutebrowserURL handler, e.g. using NirSoft URLProtocolView.
Timeline
2021-10-15: Issue reported via security@qutebrowser.org by Ping Fan (Zetta) Ke of Valkyrie-X Security Research Group (VXRL) 2021-10-15: Issue confirmed by @The-Compiler (lead developer), author of installer (@bitraid) contacted for help/review 2021-10-15: CVE assigned by GitHub 2021-10-15 to 2021-10-17: Fix developed 2021-10-17: Additional core developer (@toofar) contacted for help/review 2021-10-21: v2.4.0 released containing the fix 2021-10-21: Advisory and fix published
References
See the commit message for additional information and references to various similar issues in other projects.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Ping Fan (Zetta) Ke of Valkyrie-X Security Research Group (VXRL/@vxresearch) for finding and responsibly disclosing this issue.
Contact
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email security@qutebrowser.org.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "qutebrowser"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-641",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-21T20:46:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nStarting with qutebrowser v1.7.0, the Windows installer for qutebrowser registers it as a handler for certain URL schemes. With some applications such as Outlook Desktop, opening a specially crafted URL can lead to argument injection, allowing execution of qutebrowser commands, which in turn allows arbitrary code execution via commands such as `:spawn` or `:debug-pyeval`.\n\nOnly Windows installs where qutebrowser is registered as URL handler are affected. It does *not* have to be set as default browser for the exploit to work.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in [qutebrowser v2.4.0](https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/releases/tag/v2.4.0) in commit 8f46ba3f6dc7b18375f7aa63c48a1fe461190430.\n\nThe fix also adds additional hardening for potential similar issues on Linux (by adding the new `--untrusted-args` flag to the `.desktop` file), though no such vulnerabilities are known.\n\nBackported patches for older versions are available, but no further releases are planned:\n\n- v1.7.x: d1ceaab\n- v1.8.x: ca7155d\n- v1.9.x: 157d871\n- v1.10.x: 94a6125\n- v1.11.x: 10acfbb\n- v1.12.x: 363a18f\n- v1.13.x: 410f262\n- v1.14.x: e4f4d93\n- v2.0.x: 15a1654\n- v2.1.x: 509ddf2\n- v2.2.x: 03dcba5\n- v2.3.x: 00a694c\n\n(commits are referring to qutebrowser/qutebrowser on GitHub)\n\n### Workarounds\nRemove qutebrowser from the default browser settings entirely, so that it does not handle any kind of URLs. Make sure to remove *all* handlers, including an (accidental) `qutebrowserURL` handler, e.g. using [NirSoft URLProtocolView](https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/url_protocol_view.html).\n\n### Timeline\n2021-10-15: Issue reported via security@qutebrowser.org by Ping Fan (Zetta) Ke of [Valkyrie-X Security Research Group (VXRL)](https://www.vxrl.hk/)\n2021-10-15: Issue confirmed by @The-Compiler (lead developer), author of installer (@bitraid) contacted for help/review\n2021-10-15: CVE assigned by GitHub\n2021-10-15 to 2021-10-17: Fix developed\n2021-10-17: Additional core developer (@toofar) contacted for help/review\n2021-10-21: v2.4.0 released containing the fix\n2021-10-21: Advisory and fix published\n\n### References\nSee the [commit message](https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/commit/8f46ba3f6dc7b18375f7aa63c48a1fe461190430) for additional information and references to various similar issues in other projects.\n\n### Acknowledgements\nThanks to Ping Fan (Zetta) Ke of [Valkyrie-X Security Research Group](https://www.vxrl.hk/) (VXRL/@vxresearch) for finding and responsibly disclosing this issue.\n\n### Contact\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email [security@qutebrowser.org](mailto:security@qutebrowser.org).",
"id": "GHSA-vw27-fwjf-5qxm",
"modified": "2024-10-16T20:48:13Z",
"published": "2021-10-22T16:20:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/security/advisories/GHSA-vw27-fwjf-5qxm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser/commit/8f46ba3f6dc7b18375f7aa63c48a1fe461190430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/qutebrowser/PYSEC-2021-382.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/qutebrowser/qutebrowser"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Arbitrary command execution on Windows via qutebrowserurl: URL handler"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.