CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RR7H-9JRX-7PVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 18:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T17:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-rr7h-9jrx-7pvf",
"modified": "2025-05-13T18:30:57Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T18:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-32702"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRCX-VCP9-H6C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-19 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-19 18:30The ChatGPT system through 2025-03-30 performs inline rendering of SVG documents (instead of, for example, rendering them as text inside a code block), which enables HTML injection within most modern graphical web browsers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-19T15:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ChatGPT system through 2025-03-30 performs inline rendering of SVG documents (instead of, for example, rendering them as text inside a code block), which enables HTML injection within most modern graphical web browsers.",
"id": "GHSA-rrcx-vcp9-h6c7",
"modified": "2025-05-19T18:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-05-19T15:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@zer0dac/chatgpt-a-potential-phishing-vector-via-html-injection-bf703c79590a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRFW-QQMX-GQWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32A command injection vulnerability exists in the workflow-checker.yml workflow of significant-gravitas/autogpt. The untrusted user input github.head.ref is used insecurely, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands. This vulnerability affects versions up to and including the latest version. An attacker can exploit this by creating a branch name with a malicious payload and opening a pull request, potentially leading to reverse shell access or theft of sensitive tokens and keys.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the workflow-checker.yml workflow of significant-gravitas/autogpt. The untrusted user input `github.head.ref` is used insecurely, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands. This vulnerability affects versions up to and including the latest version. An attacker can exploit this by creating a branch name with a malicious payload and opening a pull request, potentially leading to reverse shell access or theft of sensitive tokens and keys.",
"id": "GHSA-rrfw-qqmx-gqwx",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:48Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/significant-gravitas/autogpt/commit/1df7d527dd37dff8363dc162fb58d300f072e302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/959efe87-f109-4cef-94d8-90ff2c7aef51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRG8-HXW6-GQX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-16 00:32 – Updated: 2023-03-24 15:30A command injection vulnerability was discovered in Array Networks APV products. A remote attacker can send a crafted packet after logging into the affected appliance as an administrator, resulting in arbitrary shell code execution. This is fixed in 8.6.1.262 or newer and 10.4.2.93 or newer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-15T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability was discovered in Array Networks APV products. A remote attacker can send a crafted packet after logging into the affected appliance as an administrator, resulting in arbitrary shell code execution. This is fixed in 8.6.1.262 or newer and 10.4.2.93 or newer.",
"id": "GHSA-rrg8-hxw6-gqx4",
"modified": "2023-03-24T15:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-03-16T00:32:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.arraynetworks.net/prx/001/http/supportportal.arraynetworks.net/documentation/FieldNotice/Array_Networks_Security_Advisory_Command_Injection_Vulnerabilities_APV_ID-133258.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRQR-9PVW-HH7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-rrqr-9pvw-hh7g",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:20Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064111/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0097"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RRX3-4WCG-F297
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:55Kibana versions before 6.6.1 contain an arbitrary code execution flaw in the security audit logger. If a Kibana instance has the setting xpack.security.audit.enabled set to true, an attacker could send a request that will attempt to execute javascript code. This could possibly lead to an attacker executing arbitrary commands with permissions of the Kibana process on the host system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-25T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Kibana versions before 6.6.1 contain an arbitrary code execution flaw in the security audit logger. If a Kibana instance has the setting xpack.security.audit.enabled set to true, an attacker could send a request that will attempt to execute javascript code. This could possibly lead to an attacker executing arbitrary commands with permissions of the Kibana process on the host system.",
"id": "GHSA-rrx3-4wcg-f297",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:55:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:55:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2019:2824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elastic-stack-6-6-1-and-5-6-15-security-update/169077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV2X-RG9M-9QJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2023-04-26 21:30An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1130 devices. The device provides a user with the capability of setting a SMB folder for the video clippings recorded by the device. It seems that the GET parameters passed in this request (to test if SMB credentials and hostname sent to the device work properly) result in being passed as commands to a "system" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cramfs-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The binary "cgibox" is the one that has the vulnerable function "sub_7EAFC" that receives the values sent by the GET request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows a ARM little endian format. The function sub_7EAFC in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the GET request and the value set in GET parameter "user" is extracted in function sub_7E49C which is then passed to the vulnerable system API call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1130 devices. The device provides a user with the capability of setting a SMB folder for the video clippings recorded by the device. It seems that the GET parameters passed in this request (to test if SMB credentials and hostname sent to the device work properly) result in being passed as commands to a \"system\" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cramfs-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The binary \"cgibox\" is the one that has the vulnerable function \"sub_7EAFC\" that receives the values sent by the GET request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows a ARM little endian format. The function sub_7EAFC in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the GET request and the value set in GET parameter \"user\" is extracted in function sub_7E49C which is then passed to the vulnerable system API call.",
"id": "GHSA-rv2x-rg9m-9qj8",
"modified": "2023-04-26T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Dlink_DCS_1130_security.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV56-M3GF-CGWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-06 12:30 – Updated: 2025-06-06 12:30A vulnerability has been found in Tenda CP3 11.10.00.2311090948 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_F3C8C of the file apollo. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-06T12:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Tenda CP3 11.10.00.2311090948 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_F3C8C of the file apollo. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-rv56-m3gf-cgwm",
"modified": "2025-06-06T12:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-06-06T12:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.kevgen.ru/posts/rce_in_tenda_cp3_camera"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/k3vg3n/researches/blob/main/RCE_in_Tenda_CP3_camera.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.590784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV5H-J99X-6GGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-26 00:00Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the SetStaticRoutecfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25435"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the SetStaticRoutecfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-rv5h-j99x-6ggc",
"modified": "2022-03-26T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-03-19T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/Tenda/AC9/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV78-75Q2-7333
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-05 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31Improper filering of special characters result in a command ('command injection') vulnerability in Korenix JetPort 5601v3.This issue affects JetPort 5601v3: through 1.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-05T14:15:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper filering of special characters result in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) vulnerability in Korenix JetPort 5601v3.This issue affects JetPort 5601v3: through 1.2.",
"id": "GHSA-rv78-75q2-7333",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-08-05T15:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cyberdanube.com/de/en-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-korenix-jetport"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Aug/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.