CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5385 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R87Q-FQ37-PVR6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-18 21:30 – Updated: 2023-09-20 21:33A remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability in the /api/runscript endpoint of FUXA 1.1.13 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@frangoteam/fuxa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33831"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-19T15:55:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-18T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability in the /api/runscript endpoint of FUXA 1.1.13 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-r87q-fq37-pvr6",
"modified": "2023-09-20T21:33:03Z",
"published": "2023-09-18T21:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33831"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rodolfomarianocy/Unauthenticated-RCE-FUXA-CVE-2023-33831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://youtu.be/Xxa6yRB2Fpw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "A remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability in the /api/runscript endpoint of FUXA"
}
GHSA-R897-WRPM-H4VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-06-04 09:30A command injection vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio repository, specifically within the 'test-functional.yml' workflow. The vulnerability arises due to improper neutralization of special elements used in a command, allowing for unauthorized modification of the base repository or secrets exfiltration. The issue affects versions up to and including '@gradio/video@0.6.12'. The flaw is present in the workflow's handling of GitHub context information, where it echoes the full name of the head repository, the head branch, and the workflow reference without adequate sanitization. This could potentially lead to the exfiltration of sensitive secrets such as 'GITHUB_TOKEN', 'COMMENT_TOKEN', and 'CHROMATIC_PROJECT_TOKEN'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4253"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T08:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio repository, specifically within the \u0027test-functional.yml\u0027 workflow. The vulnerability arises due to improper neutralization of special elements used in a command, allowing for unauthorized modification of the base repository or secrets exfiltration. The issue affects versions up to and including \u0027@gradio/video@0.6.12\u0027. The flaw is present in the workflow\u0027s handling of GitHub context information, where it echoes the full name of the head repository, the head branch, and the workflow reference without adequate sanitization. This could potentially lead to the exfiltration of sensitive secrets such as \u0027GITHUB_TOKEN\u0027, \u0027COMMENT_TOKEN\u0027, and \u0027CHROMATIC_PROJECT_TOKEN\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-r897-wrpm-h4vw",
"modified": "2024-06-04T09:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T09:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4253"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/a0e70366a8a406fdd80abb21e8c88a3c8e682a2b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/23cb3749-8ae9-4e1a-9023-4a20ca6b675e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R89R-9RX7-MX5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 15:37 – Updated: 2026-01-20 21:31Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Vivotek Affected device model numbers are FD8365, FD8365v2, FD9165, FD9171, FD9187, FD9189, FD9365, FD9371, FD9381, FD9387, FD9389, FD9391,FE9180,FE9181, FE9191, FE9381, FE9382, FE9391, FE9582, IB9365, IB93587LPR, IB9371,IB9381, IB9387, IB9389, IB939,IP9165,IP9171, IP9172, IP9181, IP9191, IT9389, MA9321, MA9322, MS9321, MS9390, TB9330 (Firmware modules) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Affected device model numbers are FD8365, FD8365v2, FD9165, FD9171, FD9187, FD9189, FD9365, FD9371, FD9381, FD9387, FD9389, FD9391,FE9180,FE9181, FE9191, FE9381, FE9382, FE9391, FE9582, IB9365, IB93587LPR, IB9371,IB9381, IB9387, IB9389, IB939,IP9165,IP9171, IP9172, IP9181, IP9191, IT9389, MA9321, MA9322, MS9321, MS9390, TB9330: 0100a, 0106a, 0106b, 0107a, 0107b_1, 0109a, 0112a, 0113a, 0113d, 0117b, 0119e, 0120b, 0121, 0121d, 0121d_48573_1, 0122e, 0124d_48573_1, 012501, 012502, 0125c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T15:16:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in Vivotek Affected device model numbers are FD8365, FD8365v2, FD9165, FD9171, FD9187, FD9189, FD9365, FD9371, FD9381, FD9387, FD9389, FD9391,FE9180,FE9181, FE9191, FE9381, FE9382, FE9391, FE9582, IB9365, IB93587LPR, IB9371,IB9381, IB9387, IB9389, IB939,IP9165,IP9171, IP9172, IP9181, IP9191, IT9389, MA9321, MA9322, MS9321, MS9390, TB9330 (Firmware modules) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Affected device model numbers are FD8365, FD8365v2, FD9165, FD9171, FD9187, FD9189, FD9365, FD9371, FD9381, FD9387, FD9389, FD9391,FE9180,FE9181, FE9191, FE9381, FE9382, FE9391, FE9582, IB9365, IB93587LPR, IB9371,IB9381, IB9387, IB9389, IB939,IP9165,IP9171, IP9172, IP9181, IP9191, IT9389, MA9321, MA9322, MS9321, MS9390, TB9330: 0100a, 0106a, 0106b, 0107a, 0107b_1, 0109a, 0112a, 0113a, 0113d, 0117b, 0119e, 0120b, 0121, 0121d, 0121d_48573_1, 0122e, 0124d_48573_1, 012501, 012502, 0125c.",
"id": "GHSA-r89r-9rx7-mx5c",
"modified": "2026-01-20T21:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T15:37:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/command-injection-vivotek-legacy-firmware-need-to-know"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vapidlabs.com/advisory.php?v=220"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8CR-JX69-43FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-06 00:31 – Updated: 2024-11-06 18:31An issue in Lens Visual integration with Power BI v.4.0.0.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Natural language processing component
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-05T23:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Lens Visual integration with Power BI v.4.0.0.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Natural language processing component",
"id": "GHSA-r8cr-jx69-43ff",
"modified": "2024-11-06T18:31:09Z",
"published": "2024-11-06T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/KaiqueFerreiraPeres/a56c33104a52019c533e4283c257d3a0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8F6-F62H-4PX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-30 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-30 12:31Johnson Controls Metasys component listed below have Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) Vulnerability . Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow remote SQL execution This issue affects
- Metasys: Application and Data Server (ADS) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys 14.1 and prior installation,
- Extended Application and Data Server (ADX) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys 14.1 installation,
- LCS8500 or NAE8500 installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys installation Releases 12.0 through 14.1,
- System Configuration Tool (SCT) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the SCT installation 17.1 and prior,
- Controller Configuration Tool (CCT) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the CCT installation 17.0 and prior.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26385"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-30T11:15:53Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Johnson Controls Metasys component listed below have Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (Command Injection) Vulnerability . Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow remote SQL execution This issue affects\u00a0\n\n\n\n * Metasys: Application and Data Server (ADS) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys 14.1 and prior installation,\u00a0\n * Extended Application and Data Server (ADX) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys 14.1 installation,\u00a0\n * LCS8500 or NAE8500 installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the Metasys installation Releases 12.0 through 14.1,\u00a0\n * System Configuration Tool (SCT) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the SCT installation 17.1 and prior,\u00a0\n * Controller Configuration Tool (CCT) installed with SQL Express deployed as part of the CCT installation 17.0 and prior.",
"id": "GHSA-r8f6-f62h-4px7",
"modified": "2026-01-30T12:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-30T12:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-027-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8FJ-WCW2-6QVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:00TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ipdoamin parameter in /setting/setDiagnosisCfg.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ipdoamin parameter in /setting/setDiagnosisCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-r8fj-wcw2-6qvh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:00:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8H7-VX32-9QJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-07 00:30A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setDdnsCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument provider leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T23:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setDdnsCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument provider leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-r8h7-vx32-9qj2",
"modified": "2026-04-07T00:30:22Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T00:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_186/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355515/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8J4-9JG8-CJ5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:48 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:48Command injection vulnerability in Helpdesk versions 1.1.21 and earlier in QNAP QTS 4.2.6 build 20180531, QTS 4.3.3 build 20180528, QTS 4.3.4 build 20180528 and their earlier versions could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands in the compromised application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-13T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerability in Helpdesk versions 1.1.21 and earlier in QNAP QTS 4.2.6 build 20180531, QTS 4.3.3 build 20180528, QTS 4.3.4 build 20180528 and their earlier versions could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands in the compromised application.",
"id": "GHSA-r8j4-9jg8-cj5q",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:48:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:48:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/zh-tw/security-advisory/nas-201808-13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8RP-HX65-58JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 21:33 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:33A vulnerability was identified in idachev mcp-javadc up to 1.2.4. Impacted is an unknown function of the component HTTP Interface. Such manipulation of the argument jarFilePath leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T20:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in idachev mcp-javadc up to 1.2.4. Impacted is an unknown function of the component HTTP Interface. Such manipulation of the argument jarFilePath leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-r8rp-hx65-58jj",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:33:33Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T21:33:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BruceJqs/public_exp/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/idachev/mcp-javadc/issues/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/idachev/mcp-javadc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/786974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356241/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R8RX-JMJW-9G68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14There is command injection in the meshd program in the routing system, resulting in command execution under administrator authority on Xiaomi router AX3600 with ROM version =< 1.1.12
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-16T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is command injection in the meshd program in the routing system, resulting in command execution under administrator authority on Xiaomi router AX3600 with ROM version =\u003c 1.1.12",
"id": "GHSA-r8rx-jmjw-9g68",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://privacy.mi.com/trust#/security/vulnerability-management/vulnerability-announcement/detail?id=25\u0026locale=zh"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.