CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5382 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FXMM-JP7Q-8QVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-30 21:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160 and RV260 Series VPN Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands using root-level privileges on the affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid Administrator-level credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20045"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-20T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV160 and RV260 Series VPN Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands using root-level privileges on the affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid Administrator-level credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-fxmm-jp7q-8qvp",
"modified": "2023-01-30T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2023-01-20T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-cmd-exe-n47kJQLE"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FXMW-JCGR-W44V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-12 16:42The PLAIN restore meta-command filter introduced in pgAdmin as part of the fix for CVE-2025-12762 does not detect meta-commands when a SQL file begins with a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (EF BB BF) or other special byte sequences. The implemented filter uses the function has_meta_commands(), which scans raw bytes using a regular expression. The regex does not treat the bytes as ignorable, so meta-commands such as \\! remain undetected. When pgAdmin invokes psql with --file, psql strips the bytes and executes the command. This can result in remote command execution during a restore operation.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pgadmin4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13780"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-12T16:42:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T19:15:52Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The PLAIN restore meta-command filter introduced in pgAdmin as part of the fix for CVE-2025-12762 does not detect meta-commands when a SQL file begins with a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (EF BB BF) or other special byte sequences. The implemented filter uses the function `has_meta_commands()`, which scans raw bytes using a regular expression. The regex does not treat the bytes as ignorable, so meta-commands such as `\\\\!` remain undetected. When pgAdmin invokes psql with --file, psql strips the bytes and executes the command. This can result in remote command execution during a restore operation.",
"id": "GHSA-fxmw-jcgr-w44v",
"modified": "2025-12-12T16:42:54Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T21:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/9368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/pull/9426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/1d397395f75320ca1d4ed5e9ca721c603415e836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/d5a909f14cb9713d89b49481ad1929fad89f4576"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "pgadmin4 has a Meta-Command Filter Command Execution"
}
GHSA-FXW5-F8VF-F238
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 18:32 – Updated: 2025-11-18 18:32A code injection vulnerability exists in baryhuang/mcp-server-aws-resources-python 0.1.0 that allows remote code execution through insufficient input validation in the execute_query method. The vulnerability stems from the exposure of dangerous Python built-in functions (import, getattr, hasattr) in the execution namespace and the direct use of exec() to execute user-supplied code. An attacker can craft malicious queries to execute arbitrary Python code, leading to AWS credential theft (AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY), file system access, environment variable disclosure, and potential system compromise. The vulnerability allows attackers to bypass intended security controls and gain unauthorized access to sensitive AWS resources and credentials stored in the server's environment.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T16:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A code injection vulnerability exists in baryhuang/mcp-server-aws-resources-python 0.1.0 that allows remote code execution through insufficient input validation in the execute_query method. The vulnerability stems from the exposure of dangerous Python built-in functions (__import__, getattr, hasattr) in the execution namespace and the direct use of exec() to execute user-supplied code. An attacker can craft malicious queries to execute arbitrary Python code, leading to AWS credential theft (AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY), file system access, environment variable disclosure, and potential system compromise. The vulnerability allows attackers to bypass intended security controls and gain unauthorized access to sensitive AWS resources and credentials stored in the server\u0027s environment.",
"id": "GHSA-fxw5-f8vf-f238",
"modified": "2025-11-18T18:32:52Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T18:32:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/baryhuang/mcp-server-aws-resources-python/issues/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G25X-8QH5-4HF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-13 21:31GL-iNet GL-AR300M16 v4.3.11 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the string port parameter in the enable_echo_server function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T18:16:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "GL-iNet GL-AR300M16 v4.3.11 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the string port parameter in the enable_echo_server function. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-g25x-8qh5-4hf4",
"modified": "2026-03-13T21:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-03-12T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sezangel/IOT-vul/tree/main/GL-iNet/GL-AR300M16/enable_echo_server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G276-JG34-Q58G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:37A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the “account_operator.cgi” CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.35, and VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, which could allow a remote authenticated attacker to modify device configuration data, resulting in denial-of-service (DoS) conditions on an affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-24T17:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the \u201caccount_operator.cgi\u201d CGI program of Zyxel USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.35, and VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.35, which could allow a remote authenticated attacker to modify device configuration data, resulting in denial-of-service (DoS) conditions on an affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-g276-jg34-q58g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:37:53Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls-and-aps"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2C3-VWFF-M3XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 20:06 – Updated: 2024-04-22 23:17Overview
font-converter is a FontForge wrapper that allows conversion between different font formats (TTF, WOFF, OTF)
All versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to missing sanitization of input that potentially flows into the child_process.exec() function.
PoC
var PUT = require('font-converter');
var x = "$(touch success);# ";
try {
new PUT(x, x, x, x);
} catch (e) {
console.log(e);
}
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "font-converter"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21165"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T23:17:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Overview\nfont-converter is a FontForge wrapper that allows conversion between different font formats (TTF, WOFF, OTF)\n\nAll versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to missing sanitization of input that potentially flows into the `child_process.exec()` function.\n\n### PoC\n```js\nvar PUT = require(\u0027font-converter\u0027);\nvar x = \"$(touch success);# \";\ntry {\n new PUT(x, x, x, x);\n} catch (e) {\n console.log(e);\n}\n```",
"id": "GHSA-g2c3-vwff-m3xr",
"modified": "2024-04-22T23:17:12Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T20:06:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21165"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/zgec/node-js-font-converter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zgec/node-js-font-converter/blob/master/index.js#L12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FONTCONVERTER-2976194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Font-Converter Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection"
}
GHSA-G2FV-F8FC-6W96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-17 18:31Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.4.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.6.x, 10.6.0.x, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48015"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-17T18:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.4.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.6.x, 10.6.0.x, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-g2fv-f8fc-6w96",
"modified": "2025-03-17T18:31:53Z",
"published": "2025-03-17T18:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000289970/dsa-2025-070-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000293638/dsa-2025-069-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000294091/dsa-2025-079-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000295014/dsa-2025-068-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2MG-VMCX-3677
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-31 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:25TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and V9.1.0u.6369_B20230113 contain a command insertion vulnerability in setOpModeCfg. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the "hostName" parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33486"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-31T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and V9.1.0u.6369_B20230113 contain a command insertion vulnerability in setOpModeCfg. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through the \"hostName\" parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-g2mg-vmcx-3677",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:25:35Z",
"published": "2023-05-31T15:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kazamayc/vuln/tree/main/TOTOLINK/X5000R/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2MV-8RHP-VW23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-06 00:00Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBR20 before 2.7.3.22, RBR40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.2.102, RBS20 before 2.7.3.22, RBS40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.2.102, RBK20 before 2.7.3.22, RBK40 before 2.7.3.22, and RBK50 before 2.7.2.102.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBR20 before 2.7.3.22, RBR40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.2.102, RBS20 before 2.7.3.22, RBS40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.2.102, RBK20 before 2.7.3.22, RBK40 before 2.7.3.22, and RBK50 before 2.7.2.102.",
"id": "GHSA-g2mv-8rhp-vw23",
"modified": "2022-01-06T00:00:58Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064474/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0175"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G2PP-5MMC-FHVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:00TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the filename parameter in /setting/CloudACMunualUpdate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28911"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the filename parameter in /setting/CloudACMunualUpdate.",
"id": "GHSA-g2pp-5mmc-fhvg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:00:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.