CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CHWF-9C6X-WV85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-13 00:01The downloadFlile.cgi binary file in TOTOLINK EX200 V4.0.3c.7646_B20201211 has a command injection vulnerability when receiving GET parameters. The parameter name can be constructed for unauthenticated command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The downloadFlile.cgi binary file in TOTOLINK EX200 V4.0.3c.7646_B20201211 has a command injection vulnerability when receiving GET parameters. The parameter name can be constructed for unauthenticated command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-chwf-9c6x-wv85",
"modified": "2022-01-13T00:01:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-05T00:00:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/doudoudedi/ToTolink_EX200_Cmmand_Execute/blob/main/ToTolink%20EX200%20Comand%20Injection2.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CHWW-FV2R-XW5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-03 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-10 03:30TOTOLINK T8 V4.1.5cu was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the slaveIpList parameter in the function setUpgradeFW.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK T8 V4.1.5cu was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the slaveIpList parameter in the function setUpgradeFW.",
"id": "GHSA-chww-fv2r-xw5x",
"modified": "2023-02-10T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-02-03T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Double-q1015/CVE-vulns/blob/main/totolink_t8/setUpgradeFW/setUpgradeFW.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHXJ-6G8R-WH5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 18:31A command injection vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A950RG Router firmware V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL within the system.so binary. The setDiagnosisCfg function retrieves the ipDoamin parameter from user input via websGetVar and concatenates it directly into a ping system command executed via CsteSystem() without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router's web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T20:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A950RG Router firmware V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL within the `system.so` binary. The `setDiagnosisCfg` function retrieves the `ipDoamin` parameter from user input via `websGetVar` and concatenates it directly into a `ping` system command executed via `CsteSystem()` without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router\u0027s web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-chxj-6g8r-wh5q",
"modified": "2025-11-14T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/ToToLink/ToToLink-A950RG/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/ToToLink/ToToLink-A950RG/CVE-2025-60702.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJ3J-9FH8-M99Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:14IP-COM EW9 V15.11.0.14(9732) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the cmd_get_ping_output function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45005"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IP-COM EW9 V15.11.0.14(9732) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the cmd_get_ping_output function.",
"id": "GHSA-cj3j-9fh8-m99q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:14:50Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/splashsc/IOT_Vulnerability_Discovery/blob/main/ip-com/6_ping_cmdi.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJ4V-Q99X-3M3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 03:33 – Updated: 2024-08-28 21:31An issue in TRENDnet TEW-822DRE v.1.03B02 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the parameters ipv4_ping in the /boafrm/formSystemCheck.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T01:42:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in TRENDnet TEW-822DRE v.1.03B02 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the parameters ipv4_ping in the /boafrm/formSystemCheck.",
"id": "GHSA-cj4v-q99x-3m3c",
"modified": "2024-08-28T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-02-29T03:33:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://warp-desk-89d.notion.site/TEW-822DRE-5289eb95796749c2878843519ab451d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trendnet.com/support/support-detail.asp?prod=105_TEW-822DRE"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJ5G-JJHR-X8G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-31 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 21:30In its design for automatic terminal command execution, Sixth offers two options: Execute safe commands and Execute all commands. The description for the former states that commands determined by the model to be safe will be automatically executed, whereas if the model judges a command to be potentially destructive, it still requires user approval. However, this design is highly susceptible to prompt injection attacks. An attacker can employ a generic template to wrap any malicious command and mislead the model into misclassifying it as a 'safe' command, thereby bypassing the user approval requirement and resulting in arbitrary command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-30310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T14:16:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In its design for automatic terminal command execution, Sixth offers two options: Execute safe commands and Execute all commands. The description for the former states that commands determined by the model to be safe will be automatically executed, whereas if the model judges a command to be potentially destructive, it still requires user approval. However, this design is highly susceptible to prompt injection attacks. An attacker can employ a generic template to wrap any malicious command and mislead the model into misclassifying it as a \u0027safe\u0027 command, thereby bypassing the user approval requirement and resulting in arbitrary command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-cj5g-jjhr-x8g6",
"modified": "2026-04-01T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-03-31T15:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Secsys-FDU/LLM-Tool-Calling-CVEs/issues/12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trysixth.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJ6J-82GG-5FPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A weakness has been identified in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This issue affects the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument host_time can lead to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T23:16:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This issue affects the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument host_time can lead to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-cj6j-82gg-5fpg",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink4/vuln_51/51.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365513/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJFC-VRV4-XXPP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-06-05 00:00A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.5 and below; Aruba Instant 8.7.x: 8.7.0.0 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-30T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.5 and below; Aruba Instant 8.7.x: 8.7.0.0 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-cjfc-vrv4-xxpp",
"modified": "2022-06-05T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-723417.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-007.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJGG-5G8H-RC2R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-10-08 00:00Multiple camera devices by UDP Technology, Geutebrück and other vendors are vulnerable to command injection, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-13T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple camera devices by UDP Technology, Geutebr\u00c3\u00bcck and other vendors are vulnerable to command injection, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-cjgg-5g8h-rc2r",
"modified": "2022-10-08T00:00:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-208-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.randorisec.fr/fr/udp-technology-ip-camera-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJJC-MF84-XP9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32AutoGPT versions 0.3.4 and earlier are vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that could lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The vulnerability arises from the improper handling of user-supplied format strings in the AgentOutputBlock implementation, where malicious input is passed to the Jinja2 templating engine without adequate security measures. Attackers can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on the host system. The issue is fixed in version 0.4.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1040"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1336",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "AutoGPT versions 0.3.4 and earlier are vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that could lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The vulnerability arises from the improper handling of user-supplied format strings in the `AgentOutputBlock` implementation, where malicious input is passed to the Jinja2 templating engine without adequate security measures. Attackers can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on the host system. The issue is fixed in version 0.4.0.",
"id": "GHSA-cjjc-mf84-xp9f",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:52Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/significant-gravitas/autogpt/commit/6dba31e0215549604bdcc1aed24e3a1714e75ee2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/b74ef75f-61d5-4422-ab15-9550c8b4f185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.