CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5389 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-756H-R2C9-QP5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-06 23:48 – Updated: 2024-09-20 20:07Impact
An authenticated user can execute arbitrary command, see more in https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy/issues/211.
Patches
Fixed in 0.9.9
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "gerapy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32849"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-06T23:30:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-26T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAn authenticated user can execute arbitrary command, see more in https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy/issues/211.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in 0.9.9",
"id": "GHSA-756h-r2c9-qp5j",
"modified": "2024-09-20T20:07:43Z",
"published": "2022-01-06T23:48:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy/security/advisories/GHSA-756h-r2c9-qp5j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy/issues/197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy/issues/217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Gerapy/Gerapy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gerapy/PYSEC-2022-17.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lgtm.com/projects/g/Gerapy/Gerapy?mode=tree\u0026ruleFocus=1505994646253"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2021-076-gerapy"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "An authenticated user can execute arbitrary command in Gerapy"
}
GHSA-7574-8CRW-5432
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In network service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-7574-8crw-5432",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-01-04T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7578-Q947-48MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:01On F5 BIG-IP 16.1.x versions prior to 16.1.2.2, 15.1.x versions prior to 15.1.5.1, 14.1.x versions prior to 14.1.4.6, 13.1.x versions prior to 13.1.5, and all versions of 12.1.x, when running in Appliance mode, an authenticated user assigned the Administrator role may be able to bypass Appliance mode restrictions, utilizing an undisclosed iControl REST endpoint. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26415"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "On F5 BIG-IP 16.1.x versions prior to 16.1.2.2, 15.1.x versions prior to 15.1.5.1, 14.1.x versions prior to 14.1.4.6, 13.1.x versions prior to 13.1.5, and all versions of 12.1.x, when running in Appliance mode, an authenticated user assigned the Administrator role may be able to bypass Appliance mode restrictions, utilizing an undisclosed iControl REST endpoint. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated",
"id": "GHSA-7578-q947-48mq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:01:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-06T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K81952114"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-757R-G2XF-HJWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 18:36 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IMC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with read-only privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and execute arbitrary commands as the root user.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted commands to the web-based management interface of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T17:28:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IMC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with read-only privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and execute arbitrary commands as the root user.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted commands to the web-based management interface of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user.",
"id": "GHSA-757r-g2xf-hjww",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:37Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T18:36:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-cimc-cmd-inj-3hKN3bVt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7585-2MWM-5JVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2022-05-28 00:00The text-to-speech engine in libretro RetroArch for Windows 0.11 passes unsanitized input to PowerShell through platform_win32.c via the accessibility_speak_windows function, which allows attackers who have write access on filesystems that are used by RetroArch to execute code via command injection using specially a crafted file and directory names.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The text-to-speech engine in libretro RetroArch for Windows 0.11 passes unsanitized input to PowerShell through platform_win32.c via the accessibility_speak_windows function, which allows attackers who have write access on filesystems that are used by RetroArch to execute code via command injection using specially a crafted file and directory names.",
"id": "GHSA-7585-2mwm-5jvf",
"modified": "2022-05-28T00:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:46:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libretro/RetroArch/blob/d3dc3ee989ec6a4903c689907ffc47027f71f776/frontend/drivers/platform_win32.c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.bishopfox.com/advisories/retroarch-for-windows-version-1.9.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://libretro.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://retroarch.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75HJ-4XCC-Q3QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-10-08 00:00Multiple camera devices by UDP Technology, Geutebrück and other vendors are vulnerable to command injection, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33548"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-13T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple camera devices by UDP Technology, Geutebr\u00c3\u00bcck and other vendors are vulnerable to command injection, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-75hj-4xcc-q3qw",
"modified": "2022-10-08T00:00:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-208-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.randorisec.fr/fr/udp-technology-ip-camera-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75MQ-3GF9-64WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:30A Command Injection Vulnerability has been discovered in the DHCP daemon service of D-Link DIR895LA1 v102b07. The vulnerability exists in the lease renewal processing logic where the DHCP hostname parameter is directly concatenated into a system command without proper sanitization. When a DHCP client renews an existing lease with a malicious hostname, arbitrary commands can be executed with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-09T17:15:54Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Command Injection Vulnerability has been discovered in the DHCP daemon service of D-Link DIR895LA1 v102b07. The vulnerability exists in the lease renewal processing logic where the DHCP hostname parameter is directly concatenated into a system command without proper sanitization. When a DHCP client renews an existing lease with a malicious hostname, arbitrary commands can be executed with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-75mq-3gf9-64wc",
"modified": "2026-01-12T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-01-09T18:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tzh00203.notion.site/D-Link-DIR895LA1-v102b07-Command-Injection-in-DHCPd-2d4b5c52018a80a1a5ccfb317b308861?source=copy_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75RQ-26MW-G7FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 15:30 – Updated: 2023-01-26 18:30TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-20T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCertGenerationCfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-75rq-26mw-g7fp",
"modified": "2023-01-26T18:30:48Z",
"published": "2023-01-20T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Am1ngl/ttt/tree/main/14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75VR-RXGP-H26F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-25 09:32 – Updated: 2024-03-25 09:32Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in openEuler A-Tune-Collector on Linux allows Command Injection. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/A-Tune-Collector/blob/master/atune_collector/plugin/monitor/process/sched.Py.
This issue affects A-Tune-Collector: from 1.1.0-3 through 1.3.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-24897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T07:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in openEuler A-Tune-Collector on Linux allows Command Injection. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/A-Tune-Collector/blob/master/atune_collector/plugin/monitor/process/sched.Py.\n\nThis issue affects A-Tune-Collector: from 1.1.0-3 through 1.3.0.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-75vr-rxgp-h26f",
"modified": "2024-03-25T09:32:34Z",
"published": "2024-03-25T09:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/A-Tune-Collector/pulls/45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/A-Tune-Collector/pulls/47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openeuler.org/zh/security/security-bulletins/detail/?id=openEuler-SA-2024-1273"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75W2-QV55-X7FV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-23 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-30 22:05The openssl (aka node-openssl) NPM package through 2.0.0 was characterized as "a nonsense wrapper with no real purpose" by its author, and accepts an opts argument that contains a verb field (used for command execution). NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openssl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-27T23:23:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-23T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The openssl (aka node-openssl) NPM package through 2.0.0 was characterized as \"a nonsense wrapper with no real purpose\" by its author, and accepts an opts argument that contains a verb field (used for command execution). NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-75w2-qv55-x7fv",
"modified": "2023-11-30T22:05:44Z",
"published": "2023-11-23T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/mcoimbra/b05a55a5760172dccaa0a827647ad63e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ossf/malicious-packages/tree/main/malicious/npm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/openssl"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "openssl npm package vulnerable to command execution"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.