Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5627 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-16488 (GCVE-0-2026-16488)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 23:15 – Updated: 2026-07-22 13:00 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QUSETIONS MiniCode-Python Project File config.py subprocess.Popen os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in QUSETIONS MiniCode-Python 0.1.0. This vulnerability affects the function subprocess.Popen of the file minicode/config.py of the component Project File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. It is stated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 0.1.0-rc1 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called 9d868dc2550f426c6ddf8ee98f30ffe450ca5e32. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 13:00 UTC
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/380945 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/380945/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16488 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/860017 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/QUSETIONS/MiniCode-Python/issues/13 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/QUSETIONS/MiniCode-Python/issu… | issue-tracking |
| https://gist.github.com/menelausx/2e6275222cb2e8a… | exploit |
| https://github.com/QUSETIONS/MiniCode-Python/comm… | patch |
| https://github.com/QUSETIONS/MiniCode-Python/rele… | patch |
| https://github.com/QUSETIONS/MiniCode-Python/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QUSETIONS | MiniCode-Python |
Affected:
0.1.0
Unaffected: 0.1.0-rc1 cpe:2.3:a:qusetions:minicode-python:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-16448 (GCVE-0-2026-16448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 14:15 – Updated: 2026-07-21 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
D-Link DNS-1550-04 remote_backup.cgi cgi_check_rsync_rw command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. The affected element is the function cgi_check_rsync_rw of the file /cgi-bin/remote_backup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument ip results in command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 14:52 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/380827 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/380827/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16448 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/858469 | third-party-advisory |
| https://ucn9h68n9289.feishu.cn/docx/OfhNdwzvXoBlJ… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DNS-120 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-120:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNR-202L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dnr-202l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-315L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-315l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-320 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-320:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-320L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-320l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-320LW |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-320lw:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-321 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-321:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNR-322L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dnr-322l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-323 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-323:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-325 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-325:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-326 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-326:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-327L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-327l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNR-326 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dnr-326:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-340L |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-340l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-343 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-343:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-345 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-345:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-726-4 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-726-4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-1100-4 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-1100-4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-1200-05 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-1200-05:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| D-Link | DNS-1550-04 |
Affected:
20260205
cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dns-1550-04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-16133 (GCVE-0-2026-16133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-18 19:00 – Updated: 2026-07-20 19:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LiuMengxuan04 MiniCode mcp.ts child_process.spawn command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in LiuMengxuan04 MiniCode 0.1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.spawn of the file mcp.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-20 17:11 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379853 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379853/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16133 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/856976 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/LiuMengxuan04/MiniCode/issues/35 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/LiuMengxuan04/MiniCode/pull/37 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://gist.github.com/menelausx/b42381d2788a334… | exploit |
| https://github.com/LiuMengxuan04/MiniCode/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LiuMengxuan04 | MiniCode |
Affected:
0.1.0
cpe:2.3:a:liumengxuan04:minicode:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15669 (GCVE-0-2026-15669)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 05:15 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
louisho5 picobot exec Tool exec.go ExecTool.Execute os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in louisho5 picobot up to 0.2.0. This issue affects the function ExecTool.Execute of the file internal/agent/tools/exec.go of the component exec Tool. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack requires a local approach. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 12:40 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/378163 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/378163/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15669 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/855869 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/855870 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/louisho5/picobot/issues/42 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/louisho5/picobot/issues/43 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/louisho5/picobot/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-15547 (GCVE-0-2026-15547)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 08:30 – Updated: 2026-07-13 14:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shibby Tomato CIFS Mount sub_2D048 os command injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Shibby Tomato up to 1.28.0000. This affects the function sub_2D048 of the component CIFS Mount Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument cifs1/cifs2 can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This project is superseded by FreshTomato.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 14:27 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377897 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377897/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15547 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/855117 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gitee.com/Fengyi-Wang/CVE/issues/IJTQ5P | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shibby | Tomato |
Affected:
1.0
Affected: 1.1 Affected: 1.2 Affected: 1.3 Affected: 1.4 Affected: 1.5 Affected: 1.6 Affected: 1.7 Affected: 1.8 Affected: 1.9 Affected: 1.10 Affected: 1.11 Affected: 1.12 Affected: 1.13 Affected: 1.14 Affected: 1.15 Affected: 1.16 Affected: 1.17 Affected: 1.18 Affected: 1.19 Affected: 1.20 Affected: 1.21 Affected: 1.22 Affected: 1.23 Affected: 1.24 Affected: 1.25 Affected: 1.26 Affected: 1.27 Affected: 1.28.0000 cpe:2.3:a:shibby:tomato:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15546 (GCVE-0-2026-15546)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 08:15 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shibby Tomato start_jffs2 sub_2D568 os command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Shibby Tomato up to 1.28.0000. Affected by this issue is the function sub_2D568 of the component start_jffs2. Performing a manipulation of the argument jffs2_exec results in os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. This project is superseded by FreshTomato.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 18:37 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377896 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377896/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15546 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/855115 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gitee.com/Fengyi-Wang/CVE/issues/IJTQ5O | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shibby | Tomato |
Affected:
1.0
Affected: 1.1 Affected: 1.2 Affected: 1.3 Affected: 1.4 Affected: 1.5 Affected: 1.6 Affected: 1.7 Affected: 1.8 Affected: 1.9 Affected: 1.10 Affected: 1.11 Affected: 1.12 Affected: 1.13 Affected: 1.14 Affected: 1.15 Affected: 1.16 Affected: 1.17 Affected: 1.18 Affected: 1.19 Affected: 1.20 Affected: 1.21 Affected: 1.22 Affected: 1.23 Affected: 1.24 Affected: 1.25 Affected: 1.26 Affected: 1.27 Affected: 1.28.0000 cpe:2.3:a:shibby:tomato:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15513 (GCVE-0-2026-15513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-12 23:30 – Updated: 2026-07-13 15:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 adm.cgi wlink_uci_set_value os command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 260515. This affects the function wlink_uci_set_value of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_ip results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 15:24 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377842 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377842/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15513 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/847517 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/0xcc12138/wavlink-nu516u1-csrf… | exploit |
| https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/WINSTAR_NU516U… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wavlink | WL-NU516U1 |
Affected:
260515
cpe:2.3:o:wavlink:wl-nu516u1_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15511 (GCVE-0-2026-15511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-12 23:00 – Updated: 2026-07-14 14:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 FastCGI Backend webmgnt system_wl_upload_pic_file os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. Affected by this vulnerability is the function system_wl_upload_pic_file of the file /usr/bin/webmgnt of the component FastCGI Backend. This manipulation of the argument filename causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 14:48 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377840 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377840/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15511 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/846719 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/luminarydawn/cve/tree/main/Com… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comfast | CF-WR631AX V3 |
Affected:
2.7.0.0
Affected: 2.7.0.1 Affected: 2.7.0.2 Affected: 2.7.0.3 Affected: 2.7.0.4 Affected: 2.7.0.5 Affected: 2.7.0.6 Affected: 2.7.0.7 Affected: 2.7.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:comfast:cf-wr631ax_v3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15496 (GCVE-0-2026-15496)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-12 11:00 – Updated: 2026-07-13 16:25 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent Groovy Script GroovyScriptImpl.java evalIsFailed os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The impacted element is the function evalIsFailed of the file sonic-agent/src/main/java/org/cloud/sonic/agent/tests/script/GroovyScriptImpl.java of the component Groovy Script Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 16:24 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377803 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377803/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15496 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/844485 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/xpp3901/CVE_APPLY/tree/main/V-… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SonicCloudOrg | sonic-agent |
Affected:
2.7.0
Affected: 2.7.1 Affected: 2.7.2 cpe:2.3:a:soniccloudorg:sonic-agent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15495 (GCVE-0-2026-15495)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-12 10:45 – Updated: 2026-07-15 16:13 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent Android WebSocket Server AndroidWSServer.java os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The affected element is an unknown function of the file AndroidWSServer.java of the component Android WebSocket Server. The manipulation of the argument path leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 16:12 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377802 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377802/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15495 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/844484 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/xpp3901/CVE_APPLY/tree/main/V-… | related |
| https://github.com/xpp3901/CVE_APPLY/blob/main/V-… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SonicCloudOrg | sonic-agent |
Affected:
2.7.0
Affected: 2.7.1 Affected: 2.7.2 cpe:2.3:a:soniccloudorg:sonic-agent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.