Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5397 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5V69-92VW-FMJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 20:22
VLAI
Summary
Apache StreamPark: maven build params could trigger remote command execution
Details

In streampark, the project module integrates Maven's compilation capabilities. The input parameter validation is not strict, allowing attackers to insert commands for remote command execution, The prerequisite for a successful attack is that the user needs to log in to the streampark system and have system-level permissions. Generally, only users of that system have the authorization to log in, and users would not manually input a dangerous operation command. Therefore, the risk level of this vulnerability is very low.

Mitigation:

all users should upgrade to 2.1.4

Background info:

Log in to Streampark using the default username (e.g. test1, test2, test3) and the default password (streampark). Navigate to the Project module, then add a new project. Enter the git repository address of the project and input touch /tmp/success_2.1.2 as the "Build Argument". Note that there is no verification and interception of the special character "`". As a result, you will find that this injection command will be successfully executed after executing the build.

In the latest version, the special symbol ` is intercepted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.streampark:streampark"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-29737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-13T20:22:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-17T09:15:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In streampark, the project module integrates Maven\u0027s compilation capabilities. The input parameter validation is not strict, allowing attackers to insert commands for remote command execution, The prerequisite for a successful attack is that the user needs to log in to the streampark system and have system-level permissions. Generally, only users of that system have the authorization to log in, and users would not manually input a dangerous operation command. Therefore, the risk level of this vulnerability is very low.\n\nMitigation:\n\nall users should upgrade to 2.1.4\n\nBackground info:\n\nLog in to Streampark using the default username (e.g. test1, test2, test3) and the default password (streampark). Navigate to the Project module, then add a new project. Enter the git repository address of the project and input `touch /tmp/success_2.1.2` as the \"Build Argument\". Note that there is no verification and interception of the special character \"`\". As a result, you will find that this injection command will be successfully executed after executing the build.\n\nIn the latest version, the special symbol ` is intercepted.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v69-92vw-fmjh",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T20:22:54Z",
  "published": "2024-07-17T09:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29737"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/streampark"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/xhx7jt1t24s6d7o435wxng8t0ojfbfh5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/17/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache StreamPark: maven build params could trigger remote command execution"
}

GHSA-5V6V-QHHF-HV9G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-14 19:00
VLAI
Details

iKuai8 v3.6.7 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-40469"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-12T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "iKuai8 v3.6.7 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v6v-qhhf-hv9g",
  "modified": "2022-10-14T19:00:16Z",
  "published": "2022-10-12T12:00:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40469"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yikesoftware/exp_and_poc_archive/tree/main/CVE/CVE-2022-40469"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ikuai8.com/component/download"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ikuai8.com/download.php?n=/3.x/iso/iKuai8_x64_3.6.7_Build202208301257.iso"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5V7P-WHCG-3J32

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details

An attacker is able to remotely inject arbitrary commands by sending especially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba Networks AP Management protocol) UDP port (8211) of access-pointsor controllers in Aruba 9000 Gateway; Aruba 7000 Series Mobility Controllers; Aruba 7200 Series Mobility Controllers version(s): 2.1.0.1, 2.2.0.0 and below; 6.4.4.23, 6.5.4.17, 8.2.2.9, 8.3.0.13, 8.5.0.10, 8.6.0.5, 8.7.0.0 and below ; 6.4.4.23, 6.5.4.17, 8.2.2.9, 8.3.0.13, 8.5.0.10, 8.6.0.5, 8.7.0.0 and below.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-24634"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An attacker is able to remotely inject arbitrary commands by sending especially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba Networks AP Management protocol) UDP port (8211) of access-pointsor controllers in Aruba 9000 Gateway; Aruba 7000 Series Mobility Controllers; Aruba 7200 Series Mobility Controllers version(s): 2.1.0.1, 2.2.0.0 and below; 6.4.4.23, 6.5.4.17, 8.2.2.9, 8.3.0.13, 8.5.0.10, 8.6.0.5, 8.7.0.0 and below ; 6.4.4.23, 6.5.4.17, 8.2.2.9, 8.3.0.13, 8.5.0.10, 8.6.0.5, 8.7.0.0 and below.",
  "id": "GHSA-5v7p-whcg-3j32",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:36:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbnw04072en_us"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5VC2-5PJ4-GW6J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-03-12 18:31
VLAI
Details

Outlook for Android Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-26204"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T17:15:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Outlook for Android Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-5vc2-5pj4-gw6j",
  "modified": "2024-03-12T18:31:14Z",
  "published": "2024-03-12T18:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-26204"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5VC8-F4X6-CG96

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:33
VLAI
Details

An authenticated attacker can inject malicious code into "lang" parameter in /uno/central.php file in CMSuno 1.6.2 and run this PHP code in the web page. In this way, attacker can takeover the control of the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-25538"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An authenticated attacker can inject malicious code into \"lang\" parameter in /uno/central.php file in CMSuno 1.6.2 and run this PHP code in the web page. In this way, attacker can takeover the control of the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vc8-f4x6-cg96",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:33:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:33:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25538"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fatihhcelik.blogspot.com/2020/09/cmsuno-162-remote-code-execution_30.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/161162/CMSUno-1.6.2-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5VGQ-RM2H-GCHF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-06 00:00
VLAI
Details

Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBS50Y before 2.7.3.22, RBR20 before 2.7.3.22, RBR40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.3.22, RBS20 before 2.7.3.22, RBS40 before 2.7.3.22, RBS50 before 2.7.3.22, RBK20 before 2.7.3.22, RBK40 before 2.7.3.22, and RBK50 before 2.7.3.22.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBS50Y before 2.7.3.22, RBR20 before 2.7.3.22, RBR40 before 2.7.3.22, RBR50 before 2.7.3.22, RBS20 before 2.7.3.22, RBS40 before 2.7.3.22, RBS50 before 2.7.3.22, RBK20 before 2.7.3.22, RBK40 before 2.7.3.22, and RBK50 before 2.7.3.22.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vgq-rm2h-gchf",
  "modified": "2022-01-06T00:00:58Z",
  "published": "2021-12-27T00:01:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064475/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-5VH4-PGWH-C8WR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:28
VLAI
Details

cPanel before 11.54.0.4 allows certain file-chmod operations in scripts/secureit (SEC-82).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10849"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "cPanel before 11.54.0.4 allows certain file-chmod operations in scripts/secureit (SEC-82).",
  "id": "GHSA-5vh4-pgwh-c8wr",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:28:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:52:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10849"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/54+Change+Log"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5VPV-XMCJ-9Q85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-27 00:54 – Updated: 2023-02-07 21:19
VLAI
Summary
Fix for arbitrary file deletion in customer media allows for remote code execution
Details

Impact

Magento admin users with access to the customer media could execute code on the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "openmage/magento-lts"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.4.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "openmage/magento-lts"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "20.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "20.0.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41143"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-27T00:54:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-27T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nMagento admin users with access to the customer media could execute code on the server.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5vpv-xmcj-9q85",
  "modified": "2023-02-07T21:19:19Z",
  "published": "2023-01-27T00:54:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/security/advisories/GHSA-5vpv-xmcj-9q85"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41143"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/commit/45330ff50439984e806992fa22c3f96c4d660f91"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/releases/tag/v19.4.22"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/releases/tag/v20.0.19"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Fix for arbitrary file deletion in customer media allows for remote code execution"
}

GHSA-5VRC-7JFR-4642

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-03 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-14 00:24
VLAI
Summary
monorepo-build Command Injection vulnerability
Details

A command injection vulnerability affects all versions of package monorepo-build.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "monorepo-build"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.1.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28423"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-14T00:24:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-02T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A command injection vulnerability affects all versions of package monorepo-build.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vrc-7jfr-4642",
  "modified": "2022-08-14T00:24:25Z",
  "published": "2022-08-03T00:00:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MONOREPOBUILD-1050392"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "monorepo-build Command Injection vulnerability"
}

GHSA-5VVF-RPVX-7R4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-23 15:30 – Updated: 2023-03-27 18:30
VLAI
Details

TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 contains a command injection vulnerability in the NTPSyncWithHost function via the host_name parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-28491"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-77"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-23T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "TOTOLink outdoor CPE CP900 V6.3c.566_B20171026 contains a command injection vulnerability in the NTPSyncWithHost function via the host_name parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vvf-rpvx-7r4f",
  "modified": "2023-03-27T18:30:27Z",
  "published": "2023-03-23T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28491"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/B2eFly/CVE/blob/main/totolink/CP900/2/2.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/B2eFly/Router/blob/main/totolink/CP900/1/2.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.