CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5397 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5MFX-4WCX-RV27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 18:31 – Updated: 2024-06-03 18:31Azure Identity SDK is vulnerable to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Azure.Identity"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-18T17:34:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Azure Identity SDK is vulnerable to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-5mfx-4wcx-rv27",
"modified": "2024-06-03T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36414"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-net/blob/main/sdk/identity/Azure.Identity/CHANGELOG.md#1102-2023-10-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-36414"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Azure Identity SDK Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5MGX-MFFW-264M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cgi_tm_set_share of the file /cgi-bin/time_machine.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Name results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cgi_tm_set_share of the file /cgi-bin/time_machine.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Name results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-5mgx-mffw-264m",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_159/159.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MH4-7GW5-HC9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00WAVLINK WN572HP3, WN533A8, WN530H4, WN535G3, WN531P3 firewall.cgi has no filtering on parameter add_mac, which leads to command injection in page /cli_black_list.shtml.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35519"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "WAVLINK WN572HP3, WN533A8, WN530H4, WN535G3, WN531P3 firewall.cgi has no filtering on parameter add_mac, which leads to command injection in page /cli_black_list.shtml.",
"id": "GHSA-5mh4-7gw5-hc9f",
"modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TyeYeah/othercveinfo/blob/main/wavlink/README.md#command-injection-occurs-when-deleting-blacklist-in-wavlink-router-ac1200-page-cli_black_listshtml-in-firewallcgi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MHR-G92V-JPJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 06:31 – Updated: 2026-05-11 06:31A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. This affects the function delete/rename/copy/move/chmod/chown of the file /cgi-bin/webfile_mgr.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T05:16:16Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. This affects the function delete/rename/copy/move/chmod/chown of the file /cgi-bin/webfile_mgr.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-5mhr-g92v-jpjf",
"modified": "2026-05-11T06:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T06:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dxz0069/WAVLINK-WN530H4-Command-Injection-in-set_add_routing/blob/main/D-Link%20DNS-320%20webfile_mgr.cgi%20Multiple%20OS%20Command%20Injection%20via%20File%20Operations.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/810079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362569/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MMC-QJ5G-X7XQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-24 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:19A vulnerability in the Connect Mobility Router component of MiVoice Connect versions 9.6.2208.101 and earlier could allow an authenticated attacker with internal network access to conduct a command injection attack due to insufficient restriction on URL parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-24T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Connect Mobility Router component of MiVoice Connect versions 9.6.2208.101 and earlier could allow an authenticated attacker with internal network access to conduct a command injection attack due to insufficient restriction on URL parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-5mmc-qj5g-x7xq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:19:56Z",
"published": "2023-05-24T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-23-0007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5MRR-RGP6-X4GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 19:39 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:48All versions of marsdb are vulnerable to Command Injection. In the DocumentMatcher class, selectors on $where clauses are passed to a Function constructor unsanitized. This allows attackers to run arbitrary commands in the system when the function is executed.
Recommendation
No fix is currently available. Consider using an alternative package until a fix is made available.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "marsdb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:48:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of `marsdb` are vulnerable to Command Injection. In the `DocumentMatcher` class, selectors on `$where` clauses are passed to a Function constructor unsanitized. This allows attackers to run arbitrary commands in the system when the function is executed.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nNo fix is currently available. Consider using an alternative package until a fix is made available.",
"id": "GHSA-5mrr-rgp6-x4gr",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:48:01Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T19:39:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bkimminich/juice-shop/issues/1173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1122"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in marsdb"
}
GHSA-5MVM-89C9-9GM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 18:29 – Updated: 2025-02-25 21:46Impact
The matrix-appservice-irc bridge up to version 3.0.3 contains a vulnerability which can lead to arbitrary IRC command execution as the puppeted user. The attacker can only inject commands executed as their own IRC user.
Patches
The vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc version 3.0.4.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security at matrix.org.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "matrix-appservice-irc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-25T18:29:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-25T20:15:38Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe matrix-appservice-irc bridge up to version 3.0.3 contains a vulnerability which can lead to arbitrary IRC command execution as the puppeted user. The attacker can only inject commands executed as their own IRC user.\n\n### Patches\nThe vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc version 3.0.4.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [security at matrix.org](mailto:security@matrix.org).",
"id": "GHSA-5mvm-89c9-9gm5",
"modified": "2025-02-25T21:46:09Z",
"published": "2025-02-25T18:29:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc/security/advisories/GHSA-5mvm-89c9-9gm5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc/commit/74f02c8e11f16ed1b355700092c1aa9c036a11bd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Matrix IRC Bridge allows IRC command injection to own puppeted user"
}
GHSA-5P3G-X7P5-6R8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-27 15:30A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setIpv6LanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument addrPrefixLen can lead to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T13:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setIpv6LanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument addrPrefixLen can lead to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-5p3g-x7p5-6r8c",
"modified": "2026-04-27T15:30:52Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T15:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/tree/main/A8000RU/vul_309/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/801005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359723/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5P75-FM4F-6C3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-03 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-03 18:30An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: Multimedia Console 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 ) and later Multimedia Console 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) and later QTS 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515 and later QTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later QTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later Media Streaming add-on 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 ) and later Media Streaming add-on 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23369"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-03T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nMultimedia Console 2.1.2 ( 2023/05/04 ) and later\nMultimedia Console 1.4.8 ( 2023/05/05 ) and later\nQTS 5.1.0.2399 build 20230515 and later\nQTS 4.3.6.2441 build 20230621 and later\nQTS 4.3.4.2451 build 20230621 and later\nQTS 4.3.3.2420 build 20230621 and later\nQTS 4.2.6 build 20230621 and later\nMedia Streaming add-on 500.1.1.2 ( 2023/06/12 ) and later\nMedia Streaming add-on 500.0.0.11 ( 2023/06/16 ) and later\n",
"id": "GHSA-5p75-fm4f-6c3v",
"modified": "2023-11-03T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-11-03T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-35"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5PC4-8Q9W-W6V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-17 00:30 – Updated: 2025-02-03 21:31A JNDI injection issue was discovered in Cloudera JDBC Connector for Hive before 2.6.26 and JDBC Connector for Impala before 2.6.35. Attackers can inject malicious parameters into the JDBC URL, triggering JNDI injection during the process when the JDBC Driver uses this URL to connect to the database. This could lead to remote code execution. JNDI injection is possible via the JDBC connection property krbJAASFile for the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS). Using untrusted parameters in the krbJAASFile and/or remote host can trigger JNDI injection in the JDBC URL through the krbJAASFile.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T22:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A JNDI injection issue was discovered in Cloudera JDBC Connector for Hive before 2.6.26 and JDBC Connector for Impala before 2.6.35. Attackers can inject malicious parameters into the JDBC URL, triggering JNDI injection during the process when the JDBC Driver uses this URL to connect to the database. This could lead to remote code execution. JNDI injection is possible via the JDBC connection property krbJAASFile for the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS). Using untrusted parameters in the krbJAASFile and/or remote host can trigger JNDI injection in the JDBC URL through the krbJAASFile.",
"id": "GHSA-5pc4-8q9w-w6v9",
"modified": "2025-02-03T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2025-01-17T00:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.blackhat.com/eu-24/briefings/schedule/index.html#a-novel-attack-surface-java-authentication-and-authorization-service-jaas-42179"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.