CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5384 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4255-C99R-J52R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05An issue was discovered on Enphase Envoy R3.x and D4.x (and other current) devices. The upgrade_start function in /installer/upgrade_start allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via the force parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25755"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-16T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Enphase Envoy R3.x and D4.x (and other current) devices. The upgrade_start function in /installer/upgrade_start allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via the force parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-4255-c99r-j52r",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://enphase.com/en-us/products-and-services/envoy-and-combiner"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/stage-2-security/can-solar-controllers-be-used-to-generate-fake-clean-energy-credits-4a7322e7661a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://stage2sec.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4258-VCJW-WWXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2024-10-08 12:40furlongm openvpn-monitor through 1.1.3 allows %0a command injection via the OpenVPN management interface socket. This can shut down the server via signal SIGTERM.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openvpn-monitor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31605"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-23T20:51:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-27T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "furlongm openvpn-monitor through 1.1.3 allows `%0a` command injection via the OpenVPN management interface socket. This can shut down the server via signal `SIGTERM`.",
"id": "GHSA-4258-vcjw-wwxx",
"modified": "2024-10-08T12:40:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31605"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/furlongm/openvpn-monitor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/furlongm/openvpn-monitor/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/openvpn-monitor/PYSEC-2021-353.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164278/OpenVPN-Monitor-1.1.3-Command-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "furlongm openvpn-monitor command injection"
}
GHSA-42JQ-CG85-CJ5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-27 21:34 – Updated: 2025-04-27 21:34A vulnerability has been found in AMTT Hotel Broadband Operation System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /manager/system/nlog_down.php. The manipulation of the argument ProtocolType leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other parameters might be affected as well. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-27T20:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in AMTT Hotel Broadband Operation System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /manager/system/nlog_down.php. The manipulation of the argument ProtocolType leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other parameters might be affected as well. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-42jq-cg85-cj5g",
"modified": "2025-04-27T21:34:47Z",
"published": "2025-04-27T21:34:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MichaelZhuang521/cve/blob/main/rce.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.306319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.306319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.556223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-42QC-F87P-HG2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00Seiko SkyBridge MB-A100/A110 v4.2.0 and below was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ipAddress parameter at 07system08execute_ping_01.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Seiko SkyBridge MB-A100/A110 v4.2.0 and below was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ipAddress parameter at 07system08execute_ping_01.",
"id": "GHSA-42qc-f87p-hg2h",
"modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:17Z",
"published": "2022-08-30T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Nwqda/88232102fed50b54c43871e88e993b54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.seiko-sol.co.jp/products/skybridge/lineup/mb-a100"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-42RH-J929-H8H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-01 00:00A command injection vulnerability in the function meshSlaveDlfw of TOTOLINK Technology router T6 V3_Firmware T6_V3_V4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted MQTT packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-19T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in the function meshSlaveDlfw of TOTOLINK Technology router T6 V3_Firmware T6_V3_V4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted MQTT packet.",
"id": "GHSA-42rh-j929-h8h4",
"modified": "2022-03-01T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-02-20T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/CVE-2022-25132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi1/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink/vuln_16/16.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-42VX-F9WX-WG3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-27 18:31Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') in Owl opds 2.2.0.4 allows Command Injection via a crafted network request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T17:25:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) in Owl opds 2.2.0.4 allows Command Injection via a crafted network request.",
"id": "GHSA-42vx-f9wx-wg3r",
"modified": "2026-02-27T18:31:01Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2026-26093"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4327-5F7X-F9P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to inject arbitrary commands to be executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation on certain CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the device and submitting crafted input to the CLI. The attacker must be authenticated as an administrative user to execute the affected commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1382"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to inject arbitrary commands to be executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation on certain CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the device and submitting crafted input to the CLI. The attacker must be authenticated as an administrative user to execute the affected commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-4327-5f7x-f9p3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orangecertcc/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-7xfm-92p7-qc57"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-xesdwcinj-t68PPW7m"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4348-46GX-472V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-01 15:31A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in EasyNAS 1.1.0. Affected is the function system of the file /backup.pl. The manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-220950 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in EasyNAS 1.1.0. Affected is the function system of the file /backup.pl. The manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-220950 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-4348-46gx-472v",
"modified": "2025-05-01T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2023-02-14T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/xbz0n/674af0e802efaaafe90d2f67464c2690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xbz0n/CVE-2023-0830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.220950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.220950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.86683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51266"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-434H-WC6G-Q7F3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-22 18:31Reolink Smart 2K+ Plug-in Wi-Fi Video Doorbell with Chime - firmware v3.0.0.4662_2503122283 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the setddns_pip_system() function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-22T17:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Reolink Smart 2K+ Plug-in Wi-Fi Video Doorbell with Chime - firmware v3.0.0.4662_2503122283 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the setddns_pip_system() function.",
"id": "GHSA-434h-wc6g-q7f3",
"modified": "2025-08-22T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-08-22T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/78.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://relieved-knuckle-264.notion.site/Reolink-camera-command-injection-Ddns-username-23f437003642800f83aef6b07f914212?pvs=74"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-43GJ-MJ95-QP4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-30 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-30 21:30In Draytek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3, attackers can inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the dumpSyslog function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-30T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Draytek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3, attackers can inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the dumpSyslog function.",
"id": "GHSA-43gj-mj95-qp4h",
"modified": "2024-10-30T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-10-30T15:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fu37kola/cve/blob/main/DrayTek/Vigor3900/1.5.1.3/DrayTek_Vigor_3900_1.5.1.3.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.