Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-73

Allowed

External Control of File Name or Path

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.

1295 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-101126 (GCVE-0-2026-101126)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 17:02 – Updated: 2026-10-01 04:50
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - File meta data tampering in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.4
Summary
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - File meta data tampering in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.4 - The final form submission processes JSON arrays per upload field, checking only that IDs are numeric. Client-supplied filenames and display names are trusted directly, introducing potential cross-session claiming, metadata tampering, and path traversal risks (e.g., via getFilePath())
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 19:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
  • CWE-73 - Destructive File Deletion and Potential System Compromise
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 342 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://www.balbooa.com/ product
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-100638 (GCVE-0-2026-100638)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 13:23 – Updated: 2026-09-30 13:02
VLAI
Title
SiYuan before v3.8.4 Path Traversal via setNotebookIcon
Summary
SiYuan versions before v3.8.4 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the setNotebookIcon endpoint that allows authenticated administrators to create arbitrary directory trees and write files outside the workspace boundary. Attackers can supply directory traversal sequences in the notebook parameter to escape the workspace data directory and write conf.json files to arbitrary locations accessible by the kernel process.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 13:01 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
siyuan-note siyuan Affected: 0 , < 3.8.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.8.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:b3log:siyuan:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-100637 (GCVE-0-2026-100637)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 13:23 – Updated: 2026-10-05 15:06
VLAI
Title
SiYuan before v3.8.4 Path Traversal via checkoutRepo sessionID
Summary
SiYuan versions before v3.8.4 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the checkoutRepo endpoint that allows authenticated administrators to write JSON files outside the workspace. Attackers can supply a sessionID parameter containing directory traversal sequences to overwrite arbitrary JSON files in pre-existing kernel-writable directories outside workspace boundaries.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 15:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
siyuan-note siyuan Affected: 0 , < 3.8.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.8.4 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:b3log:siyuan:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-10 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-97662 (GCVE-0-2026-97662)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 17:34 – Updated: 2026-10-09 16:31
VLAI
Title
Argument injection in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server allows arbitrary host file creation, overwrite, and truncation outside the intended workspace
Summary
An argument injection issue in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server before version 0.2.0 might allow context-dependent threat actors to create, overwrite, or truncate arbitrary files on the host outside the intended workspace directory via a crafted reference value supplied to the diff scan operation. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.2.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 18:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection')
  • CWE-73 - External control of file name or path
Assigner
AMZN CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard A 94/100 over 140 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AWS security-agent-mcp-server Affected: 0.1.1 , < 0.2.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:aws:security-agent-mcp-server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-96656 (GCVE-0-2026-96656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 16:07 – Updated: 2026-09-23 16:46
VLAI
Title
Plex Media Server arbitrary file write
Summary
Plex Media Server before 1.43.3.10861 allows an admin user to write arbitrary files that may be executed on load. The preference TranscoderH264Options is appended verbatim to x264's option string on every transcode. At startup, all .so files are run without signature, execute bit, or symbol checks.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · cisa-cg (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 18:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
cisa-cg CNA under the CISA root
CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 127 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Plex Media Server Affected: 0 , < 1.43.3.10861 (custom)
Unaffected: 1.43.3.10861
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-03 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-94401 (GCVE-0-2026-94401)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 13:36 – Updated: 2026-09-21 14:48
VLAI
Title
MISP Arbitrary Local File Read and SSRF via MISP Export Upload
Summary
MISP has a file-handling vulnerability that could let certain authenticated users make the server read files or access internal network services. When importing an XML file, MISP did not properly verify that the uploaded content was actually XML. Because of this, a user with permission to modify data could upload a file containing a local file path or a web address instead. If a local file path was supplied, MISP could read that file from the server. If a URL was supplied, MISP could make a request to that address, including systems that may only be reachable from inside the organization’s network. The vulnerability could therefore expose sensitive local files and allow unauthorized requests to internal services. Exploitation required a valid MISP account with modify permissions, but no additional user interaction was needed. Version affected: <2.5.47
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 14:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
CIRCL CNA under the ENISA root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 236 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.47 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Review: review GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-21 13:28
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5f247b91.patch 004f65b4d416…
Confidence
high
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
d5f247b91ad3 fix: [security] Refuse a MISP export upload whose content is 004f65b4d416…
Fix summary

The fix introduces two defensive measures in addMISPExportFile(): (1) a pre-parse validation that rejects any uploaded content not containing an XML document marker (the '<' character), preventing path or URL strings from reaching the XML parser; and (2) an explicit readFile => false option passed to Xml::build(), which disables the library's ability to interpret the input as a file path or URL to be read or fetched. Together these changes ensure that only genuine XML document content is parsed and that no server-side file access or network request is triggered by user-supplied data.

Patch summary

In app/Model/Event.php, the single line calling Xml::toArray(Xml::build($data)) is replaced with a guard clause that throws an Exception if strpos($data, '<') === false, followed by Xml::toArray(Xml::build($data, ['readFile' => false])). Nine lines are added (including a four-line explanatory comment) and one line is removed. No other files are modified.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: exploitation occurs over the network via the MISP web interface. AC:L: the attack is deterministic; uploading a file with a path or URL as content reliably triggers the read/fetch. AT:N: no special target-side conditions are required. PR:L: the attacker needs an authenticated account with perm_modify (a non-privileged but authenticated role). UI:N: the attacker performs the upload autonomously; no victim interaction is needed. VC:H: arbitrary local file read exposes sensitive server data (credentials, configs, keys). VI:N: the imported data is stored as an event but does not corrupt application state or logic. VA:N: no denial-of-service impact is indicated. SC:H: the SSRF component allows the attacker to read responses from internal services (metadata endpoints, admin panels, etc.), impacting subsequent-component confidentiality. SI:N and SA:N: no evidence of integrity or availability impact on subsequent components from the patch evidence.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-918 The primary and most severe impact is that an attacker-supplied URL in the uploaded file body causes the MISP server to issue an HTTP request to an arbitrary internal or external address and import the response. This is a textbook SSRF: user-controlled input is used as a network request target by the server.
  • CWE-73 The secondary impact is that a user-supplied local file path in the uploaded file body is passed to Xml::build() which reads that file from the server's filesystem. The attacker controls the file path that the server reads, matching CWE-73. CWE-22 (Path Traversal) was considered but the input is not a relative traversal sequence; it is an absolute path chosen by the attacker, making CWE-73 the more precise mapping.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-126 The patch explicitly describes the SSRF vector: an .xml upload containing a URL causes MISP to fetch that URL and import the result. CAPEC-126 describes an attacker manipulating a server-side application to make it issue requests to unintended targets, which is exactly the attack demonstrated here. The local-file-read aspect is a secondary manifestation of the same root cause (unvalidated input passed to a function that resolves locators) and is subsumed by the SSRF pattern in this context.
  • CAPEC-2 The attacker manipulates the content parameter of the MISP export upload to supply a file path or URL instead of a valid XML document. CAPEC-2 covers the general technique of altering application parameters to trigger unintended behavior. This is a secondary mapping; CAPEC-126 is the more specific and primary pattern. The uncertainty is that CAPEC-2 is broader and less precise than CAPEC-126 for this specific vulnerability.
Assumptions to verify
  • The commit message states the vulnerability was 'found during the internal review, not externally reported,' so no external finder or reporter credit is assigned. The internal reviewer's identity is not specified in the patch metadata.
  • The affected version range is inferred from the tag_version_boundary (v2.5.47 with 40 commits after the fix), but exact affected and fixed version numbers are not stated in the patch. The boundary is recorded as a reference point only.
  • PR:L assumes that perm_modify is a non-administrative, commonly granted role in MISP deployments. If perm_modify is equivalent to full administrative access in some configurations, PR could be elevated to PR:H.
  • The CAPEC-2 mapping is a broader, secondary pattern included for completeness; CAPEC-126 is the primary and most specific match. The uncertainty is noted in the CAPEC-2 rationale.
  • The commit message references an operator-precedence issue in Xml::build()'s readFile guard not covering the https branch. This is taken as evidence from the commit message and patch comments; the actual Xml utility source is not included in the patch, so the exact mechanism of the https bypass is assumed rather than verified.
  • CVSS SC:H assumes the SSRF can reach internal services with sensitive data. If the deployment restricts outbound network access, SC could be reduced.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 5 9 high 6
Show details on NVD website

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      ],
      "title": "MISP Arbitrary Local File Read and SSRF via MISP Export Upload",
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          "extensions": {
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                "assumptions": [
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                  "The affected version range is inferred from the tag_version_boundary (v2.5.47 with 40 commits after the fix), but exact affected and fixed version numbers are not stated in the patch. The boundary is recorded as a reference point only.",
                  "PR:L assumes that perm_modify is a non-administrative, commonly granted role in MISP deployments. If perm_modify is equivalent to full administrative access in some configurations, PR could be elevated to PR:H.",
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                  "The commit message references an operator-precedence issue in Xml::build()\u0027s readFile guard not covering the https branch. This is taken as evidence from the commit message and patch comments; the actual Xml utility source is not included in the patch, so the exact mechanism of the https bypass is assumed rather than verified.",
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CVE-2026-93987 (GCVE-0-2026-93987)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-19 11:53 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:29
VLAI
Title
rclone serve docker Path Traversal via Volume Name
Summary
rclone versions 1.56.0 through 1.75.0 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the `rclone serve docker` volume plugin. newVolume() in cmd/serve/docker/volume.go computes a volume's mountpoint as filepath.Join(drv.root, name) from the attacker-supplied `name` field of a Docker VolumeDriver.Create request without verifying that the result stays within drv.root (default /var/lib/docker-volumes/rclone), and checkMountpoint() then creates that directory with file.MkdirAll before mounting. A volume name containing enough `..` components (e.g. "../../../../../../etc") therefore resolves outside the base directory, allowing anyone able to submit a VolumeDriver.Create request to the plugin socket — normally the Docker daemon, or a workload that can request named volumes in a multi-tenant orchestration setup — to make the privileged rclone plugin process create a directory and mount a remote filesystem specified in the same request at an arbitrary host path, shadowing or disrupting system directories. The advisory notes Volume.restoreState() had the same missing validation when reloading persisted volume state. Fixed in 1.75.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rclone rclone Affected: 1.56.0 , < 1.75.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.75.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:rclone:rclone:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-93695 (GCVE-0-2026-93695)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 12:52 – Updated: 2026-10-13 03:55
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary file write through remote file identifiers in Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller FileCopyService
Summary
In Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller v5.12.6 and below, FileCopyService uses a remote file identifier when constructing a local temporary file path without enforcing containment. This can cause FileCopyService to write attacker-controlled content to filesystem locations writable by the service account. This can result in remote code execution when an executable IIS-served directory is writable.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-12 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
ProgressSoftware CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 78/100 over 147 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress ShareFile Storage Zones Controller Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.12.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-92595 (GCVE-0-2026-92595)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 21:47 – Updated: 2026-09-19 02:05
VLAI
Title
Nodemailer before 9.1.1 Security Sandbox Bypass via resolveContent
Summary
Nodemailer (npm package `nodemailer`) versions 9.1.0 and earlier do not honor the `disableFileAccess` and `disableUrlAccess` sandbox options when message content is resolved through the public plugin API `MailMessage.resolveContent()` using the documented legacy three-argument signature `resolveContent(data, key, callback)`. Because `shared.resolveContent()` normalizes the missing `options` argument to an empty object, the message-level flags copied into `mail.data` by the MailMessage constructor are discarded, and `resolveContentValue()` skips both access-control checks, reaching `nmfetch(url)` or `fs.createReadStream(path)`. As a result, plugin or application code that resolves untrusted message content (html, text, attachment `path` or `href`) via this API can be induced to read arbitrary local files or issue outbound HTTP(S) requests (server-side request forgery), bypassing the sandbox the application enabled. The internal paths used by `transporter.sendMail()` (`resolveAll()`, `_convertDataImages()`, and the MIME streaming path) are not affected. Fixed in version 9.1.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-19 02:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6373 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nodemailer nodemailer Affected: 0 , < 9.1.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 9.1.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nodemailer:nodemailer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-92164 (GCVE-0-2026-92164)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 14:32 – Updated: 2026-09-29 01:57
VLAI
Title
Streamlink: HTTPSession follows HTTP redirects into file:// URLs, reading local files
Summary
Streamlink is a CLI utility which pipes video streams from various services into a video player. Prior to 8.6.0, HTTPSession mounts a FileAdapter for the file scheme and inherits redirect handling from requests.Session without rejecting cross-protocol redirects. A remote server controlling an HTTP or HTTPS URL reached by Streamlink can return a redirect to a local file URL, causing HTTPSession to read the local file and return its contents to the response consumer. This bypasses the direct file URL checks added for HLS and DASH content because the manifest contains an ordinary network URL and the scheme transition occurs later during fetch handling. The flaw applies to every request made through HTTPSession, and a segment fetch can place the local file contents into stream output. This issue is fixed in version 8.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 01:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7771 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
streamlink streamlink Affected: < 8.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

When the set of filenames is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames, and reject all other inputs. For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap provide this capability.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Operation
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict all access to files within a particular directory.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation
Implementation

Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59).

Mitigation
Installation Operation

Use OS-level permissions and run as a low-privileged user to limit the scope of any successful attack.

Mitigation
Operation Implementation

If you are using PHP, configure your application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop your application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding

An adversary leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input or content used by applications such that the applications are ineffective at validating this encoding standard.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-72: URL Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the URL. An adversary can take advantage of the multiple way of encoding an URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack is a specific variation on leveraging alternate encodings to bypass validation logic. This attack leverages the possibility to encode potentially harmful input in UTF-8 and submit it to applications not expecting or effective at validating this encoding standard making input filtering difficult. UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode. Legal UTF-8 characters are one to four bytes long. However, early version of the UTF-8 specification got some entries wrong (in some cases it permitted overlong characters). UTF-8 encoders are supposed to use the "shortest possible" encoding, but naive decoders may accept encodings that are longer than necessary. According to the RFC 3629, a particularly subtle form of this attack can be carried out against a parser which performs security-critical validity checks against the UTF-8 encoded form of its input, but interprets certain illegal octet sequences as characters.