Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-665

Discouraged

Improper Initialization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not initialize or incorrectly initializes a resource, which might leave the resource in an unexpected state when it is accessed or used.

426 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F5V8-V6Q3-Q4H6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 22:50 – Updated: 2026-04-16 22:50
VLAI
Summary
Meridian: Multiple defense-in-depth gaps (collection/depth caps, telemetry, retry, fan-out)
Details

Summary

Meridian v2.1.0 (Meridian.Mapping and Meridian.Mediator) shipped with nine defense-in-depth gaps reachable through its public APIs. Two are HIGH severity — the advertised DefaultMaxCollectionItems and DefaultMaxDepth safety caps are silently bypassed on the IMapper.Map(source, destination) overload and anywhere .UseDestinationValue() is configured on a collection-typed property. Four are MEDIUM (constructor invariant bypass, OpenTelemetry stack-trace info disclosure, retry amplification, notification fan-out amplification). Three are LOW (exception message disclosure, dictionary duplicate-key echo, static mediator cache growth under closed-generic types).

All nine are patched in v2.1.1. Upgrade is a drop-in NuGet bump; see the v2.1.1 CHANGELOG for the four behavioural changes (constructor selection, OTel default, publisher fan-out cap, retry caps).

Severity Matrix

# Severity CWE Finding Fix
1 HIGH CWE-770 MappingEngine.TryMapCollectionOntoExisting enumerated the source without enforcing DefaultMaxCollectionItems. Reachable via Mapper.Map<TSrc,TDst>(src, dst) and any .ForMember(..., o => o.UseDestinationValue()) on a collection member through a plain Map(src) call. Shared cap enforcement helper between MapCollection and TryMapCollectionOntoExisting.
2 HIGH CWE-674 Collection-item recursion in the existing-destination path did not increment ResolutionContext.Depth, so self-referential collection graphs could reach stack overflow before DefaultMaxDepth fired. Depth increments at every collection-item boundary.
3 MEDIUM CWE-665 ObjectCreator.CreateWithConstructorMapping always invoked the widest public constructor, silently filling unresolved parameters with default(T) and bypassing narrower-ctor invariants. Widest-ctor selection now requires every parameter to be bound via explicit ctor mapping, source-name match, or a C# optional default.
4 MEDIUM CWE-532 Mediator.MarkActivityFailure emitted the full ex.ToString() (stack + inner chain) to the OpenTelemetry exception.stacktrace activity tag by default, leaking context to any shared trace sink. Gated on MediatorTelemetryOptions.RecordExceptionStackTrace — opt-in, default false.
5 MEDIUM CWE-400 RetryBehavior retried every exception type with unbounded MaxRetries; the exponential-backoff delay overflowed TimeSpan at ~30 attempts. No cancellation exclusion. Server-side MaxRetriesCap = 10, MaxBackoff = 5 min, OperationCanceledException short-circuit, recommended RetryPolicy.TransientOnly helper.
6 MEDIUM CWE-400 TaskWhenAllPublisher started every registered handler concurrently with no bound on fan-out. New constructor parameter maxDegreeOfParallelism (default 16; -1 restores legacy unbounded).
7 LOW CWE-209 Public mapping exceptions leaked FullName of source/destination types and concatenated inner exception messages into top-level property-mapping errors. Scrubbed to type Name; inner details only via InnerException chain.
8 LOW CWE-209 Dictionary materialization threw ArgumentException on duplicate keys, echoing the attacker-supplied key's .ToString(). Last-write-wins indexer semantics.
9 LOW CWE-1325 Static mediator handler caches grow monotonically under closed-generic request types. Doc-only mitigation; no code change — consumers must not allow attacker-controlled runtime type materialization to reach Send, Publish, or CreateStream. Documented in docs/security-model.md.

Exploitation

Finding 1 / 2 (headline): A consumer that maps user-supplied collection payloads onto an existing destination list via mapper.Map(userCollection, existingList) — a documented and commonly used AutoMapper-style idiom — processes the full attacker-supplied collection with no size cap and no depth cap. An attacker sending a single request with a large (or self-referential) collection payload can block the worker thread for seconds and exhaust the managed heap or the call stack. Equivalent exposure through .UseDestinationValue() on a collection-typed destination member, reachable via a plain Map(src) call whose destination type default-initializes that member.

Finding 3: A destination type with multiple public constructors that differ only in their parameter-binding invariants (e.g., new UserAccount(string name, Email email) enforcing a non-default Email) could be instantiated with the narrower ctor's invariants silently bypassed if any source field was absent — the widest ctor was always picked, with unbound parameters replaced by default(T).

Findings 4 / 5 / 6: Amplification / information-disclosure vectors described in the matrix above. Each requires moderate integration context (telemetry sink trust, handler count, retry policy) to weaponize, but each is reachable through public APIs without authentication.

Patches

  • Meridian.Mapping 2.1.1 (published 2026-04-16)
  • Meridian.Mediator 2.1.1 (published 2026-04-16)

Verified via: - GitHub Release assets at https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/releases/tag/v2.1.1 - Sigstore attestation (actions/attest-build-provenance@v2 → gh attestation verify green on both .nupkg from the GitHub Release) - NuGet.org indexed both packages within the release workflow run

Workarounds

Users who cannot upgrade immediately may: 1. Avoid mapper.Map(src, dst) and .UseDestinationValue() on collection-typed destination members. 2. Wrap input collection deserialization with an explicit size limit before handing the payload to Meridian. 3. Register TaskWhenAllPublisher with maxDegreeOfParallelism ≤ 16 manually (v2.1.1+ only). 4. Disable OpenTelemetry exception.stacktrace tag emission at the trace exporter level if your trace sink is less trusted than your application.

These are defense-in-depth; the only complete mitigation is upgrading to 2.1.1.

Supported Versions

As of this advisory the supported security branch is 2.1.x. The 2.0.x line (published 2026-04-15) is not receiving the Phase 1 safety-defaults infrastructure needed to carry the HIGH-severity fixes, so 2.0.x is deprecated in favor of 2.1.x. See SECURITY.md for the updated supported-versions table.

Credits

  • UmutKorkmaz (reporter and maintainer)

References

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Meridian.Mapping"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Meridian.Mediator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1325",
      "CWE-209",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-532",
      "CWE-665",
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nMeridian v2.1.0 (`Meridian.Mapping` and `Meridian.Mediator`) shipped with nine defense-in-depth gaps reachable through its public APIs. Two are HIGH severity \u2014 the advertised `DefaultMaxCollectionItems` and `DefaultMaxDepth` safety caps are silently bypassed on the `IMapper.Map(source, destination)` overload and anywhere `.UseDestinationValue()` is configured on a collection-typed property. Four are MEDIUM (constructor invariant bypass, OpenTelemetry stack-trace info disclosure, retry amplification, notification fan-out amplification). Three are LOW (exception message disclosure, dictionary duplicate-key echo, static mediator cache growth under closed-generic types).\n\nAll nine are patched in **v2.1.1**. Upgrade is a drop-in NuGet bump; see the v2.1.1 CHANGELOG for the four behavioural changes (constructor selection, OTel default, publisher fan-out cap, retry caps).\n\n## Severity Matrix\n\n| # | Severity | CWE | Finding | Fix |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 1 | **HIGH** | CWE-770 | `MappingEngine.TryMapCollectionOntoExisting` enumerated the source without enforcing `DefaultMaxCollectionItems`. Reachable via `Mapper.Map\u003cTSrc,TDst\u003e(src, dst)` and any `.ForMember(..., o =\u003e o.UseDestinationValue())` on a collection member through a plain `Map(src)` call. | Shared cap enforcement helper between `MapCollection` and `TryMapCollectionOntoExisting`. |\n| 2 | **HIGH** | CWE-674 | Collection-item recursion in the existing-destination path did not increment `ResolutionContext.Depth`, so self-referential collection graphs could reach stack overflow before `DefaultMaxDepth` fired. | Depth increments at every collection-item boundary. |\n| 3 | MEDIUM | CWE-665 | `ObjectCreator.CreateWithConstructorMapping` always invoked the widest public constructor, silently filling unresolved parameters with `default(T)` and bypassing narrower-ctor invariants. | Widest-ctor selection now requires every parameter to be bound via explicit ctor mapping, source-name match, or a C# optional default. |\n| 4 | MEDIUM | CWE-532 | `Mediator.MarkActivityFailure` emitted the full `ex.ToString()` (stack + inner chain) to the OpenTelemetry `exception.stacktrace` activity tag by default, leaking context to any shared trace sink. | Gated on `MediatorTelemetryOptions.RecordExceptionStackTrace` \u2014 opt-in, default `false`. |\n| 5 | MEDIUM | CWE-400 | `RetryBehavior` retried every exception type with unbounded `MaxRetries`; the exponential-backoff delay overflowed `TimeSpan` at ~30 attempts. No cancellation exclusion. | Server-side `MaxRetriesCap = 10`, `MaxBackoff = 5 min`, `OperationCanceledException` short-circuit, recommended `RetryPolicy.TransientOnly` helper. |\n| 6 | MEDIUM | CWE-400 | `TaskWhenAllPublisher` started every registered handler concurrently with no bound on fan-out. | New constructor parameter `maxDegreeOfParallelism` (default 16; `-1` restores legacy unbounded). |\n| 7 | LOW | CWE-209 | Public mapping exceptions leaked `FullName` of source/destination types and concatenated inner exception messages into top-level property-mapping errors. | Scrubbed to type `Name`; inner details only via `InnerException` chain. |\n| 8 | LOW | CWE-209 | Dictionary materialization threw `ArgumentException` on duplicate keys, echoing the attacker-supplied key\u0027s `.ToString()`. | Last-write-wins indexer semantics. |\n| 9 | LOW | CWE-1325 | Static mediator handler caches grow monotonically under closed-generic request types. **Doc-only mitigation**; no code change \u2014 consumers must not allow attacker-controlled runtime type materialization to reach `Send`, `Publish`, or `CreateStream`. | Documented in `docs/security-model.md`. |\n\n## Exploitation\n\n**Finding 1 / 2 (headline):** A consumer that maps user-supplied collection payloads onto an existing destination list via `mapper.Map(userCollection, existingList)` \u2014 a documented and commonly used AutoMapper-style idiom \u2014 processes the full attacker-supplied collection with no size cap and no depth cap. An attacker sending a single request with a large (or self-referential) collection payload can block the worker thread for seconds and exhaust the managed heap or the call stack. Equivalent exposure through `.UseDestinationValue()` on a collection-typed destination member, reachable via a plain `Map(src)` call whose destination type default-initializes that member.\n\n**Finding 3:** A destination type with multiple public constructors that differ only in their parameter-binding invariants (e.g., `new UserAccount(string name, Email email)` enforcing a non-default `Email`) could be instantiated with the narrower ctor\u0027s invariants silently bypassed if any source field was absent \u2014 the widest ctor was always picked, with unbound parameters replaced by `default(T)`.\n\n**Findings 4 / 5 / 6:** Amplification / information-disclosure vectors described in the matrix above. Each requires moderate integration context (telemetry sink trust, handler count, retry policy) to weaponize, but each is reachable through public APIs without authentication.\n\n## Patches\n\n- `Meridian.Mapping` **2.1.1** (published 2026-04-16)\n- `Meridian.Mediator` **2.1.1** (published 2026-04-16)\n\nVerified via:\n- GitHub Release assets at \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/releases/tag/v2.1.1\u003e\n- Sigstore attestation (`actions/attest-build-provenance@v2` \u2192 `gh attestation verify` green on both `.nupkg` from the GitHub Release)\n- NuGet.org indexed both packages within the release workflow run\n\n## Workarounds\n\nUsers who cannot upgrade immediately may:\n1. Avoid `mapper.Map(src, dst)` and `.UseDestinationValue()` on collection-typed destination members.\n2. Wrap input collection deserialization with an explicit size limit before handing the payload to Meridian.\n3. Register `TaskWhenAllPublisher` with `maxDegreeOfParallelism` \u2264 16 manually (v2.1.1+ only).\n4. Disable OpenTelemetry `exception.stacktrace` tag emission at the trace exporter level if your trace sink is less trusted than your application.\n\nThese are defense-in-depth; the only complete mitigation is upgrading to 2.1.1.\n\n## Supported Versions\n\nAs of this advisory the supported security branch is **2.1.x**. The 2.0.x line (published 2026-04-15) is not receiving the Phase 1 safety-defaults infrastructure needed to carry the HIGH-severity fixes, so 2.0.x is deprecated in favor of 2.1.x. See `SECURITY.md` for the updated supported-versions table.\n\n## Credits\n\n- UmutKorkmaz (reporter and maintainer)\n\n## References\n\n- v2.1.1 CHANGELOG section: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#211---2026-04-16\u003e\n- `docs/security-model.md` threat model: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/docs/security-model.md\u003e\n- `SECURITY.md` disclosure policy: \u003chttps://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/SECURITY.md\u003e\n- AutoMapper CVE-2026-32933 (motivating precedent for Meridian\u0027s safety-defaults)",
  "id": "GHSA-f5v8-v6q3-q4h6",
  "modified": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T22:50:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/security/advisories/GHSA-f5v8-v6q3-q4h6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#211---2026-04-16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/UmutKorkmaz/meridian/releases/tag/v2.1.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Meridian: Multiple defense-in-depth gaps (collection/depth caps, telemetry, retry, fan-out)"
}

GHSA-F6C2-J3P8-VXVV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:27 – Updated: 2023-12-28 18:30
VLAI
Details

KDC in MIT Kerberos 5 (krb5kdc) does not set a global variable for some krb4 message types, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted messages that trigger a NULL pointer dereference or double-free.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-0062"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-03-19T10:44:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "KDC in MIT Kerberos 5 (krb5kdc) does not set a global variable for some krb4 message types, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted messages that trigger a NULL pointer dereference or double-free.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6c2-j3p8-vxvv",
  "modified": "2023-12-28T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:27:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-0062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9496"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-March/msg00537.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2008-March/msg00544.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=307562"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2008/Mar/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2008-03/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=130497213107107\u0026w=2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29424"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29428"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29438"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29451"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29457"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29464"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29516"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30535"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.novell.com/docs/Readmes/InfoDocument/patchbuilder/readme_5022520.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.novell.com/docs/Readmes/InfoDocument/patchbuilder/readme_5022542.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/advisories/MITKRB5-SA-2008-001.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wiki.rpath.com/Advisories:rPSA-2008-0112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wiki.rpath.com/wiki/Advisories:rPSA-2008-0112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1524"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-200803-31.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/895609"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2008:069"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2008:070"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2008:071"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0164.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0180.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0181.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0182.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489761"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489883/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/493080/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019626"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-587-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2008-0009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0922/references"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0924/references"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1102/references"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1744"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F6VH-WX77-FCC5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:45
VLAI
Details

In plugin_ipc_handler of slc_plugin.c, there is a possible information disclosure due to uninitialized data. This could lead to local information disclosure of 4 bytes of stack memory with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32930"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T21:15:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In plugin_ipc_handler of slc_plugin.c, there is a possible information disclosure due to uninitialized data. This could lead to local information disclosure of 4 bytes of stack memory with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6vh-wx77-fcc5",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:45:15Z",
  "published": "2024-06-13T21:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32930"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2024-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F86Q-8Q37-C2X4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:13
VLAI
Details

SQLite through 3.31.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via a malformed window-function query because the AggInfo object's initialization is mishandled.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11655"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-09T03:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SQLite through 3.31.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via a malformed window-function query because the AggInfo object\u0027s initialization is mishandled.",
  "id": "GHSA-f86q-8q37-c2x4",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:13:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:13:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/05/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00037.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-20:22.sqlite.asc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202007-26"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200416-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4394-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2021-14"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src/info/4a302b42c7bf5e11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src/tktview?name=af4556bb5c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9MH-XVQR-GX7P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details

An information disclosure vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel improperly initializes objects in memory, aka "Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-8408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An information disclosure vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel improperly initializes objects in memory, aka \"Windows Kernel Information Disclosure Vulnerability.\" This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9mh-xvqr-gx7p",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:20:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-8408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1042127"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F9QR-2QWC-JWPC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:54 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:54
VLAI
Details

Samba 3.6.6 through 3.6.23, 4.0.x before 4.0.18, and 4.1.x before 4.1.8, when a certain vfs shadow copy configuration is enabled, does not properly initialize the SRV_SNAPSHOT_ARRAY response field, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a (1) FSCTL_GET_SHADOW_COPY_DATA or (2) FSCTL_SRV_ENUMERATE_SNAPSHOTS request.

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-0178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-05-28T04:58:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Samba 3.6.6 through 3.6.23, 4.0.x before 4.0.18, and 4.1.x before 4.1.8, when a certain vfs shadow copy configuration is enabled, does not properly initialize the SRV_SNAPSHOT_ARRAY response field, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a (1) FSCTL_GET_SHADOW_COPY_DATA or (2) FSCTL_SRV_ENUMERATE_SNAPSHOTS request.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9qr-2qwc-jwpc",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:54:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:54:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05115993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2014-0279.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2014-August/136864.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2014-June/134717.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/59378"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/59407"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/59579"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201502-15.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2014:136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2015:082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.samba.org/samba/security/CVE-2014-0178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/532757/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67686"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1030308"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FFCX-G38W-J5FX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:42 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:42
VLAI
Details

In Boot in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a Use of Uninitialized Variable vulnerability could potentially exist.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-9942"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-06-06T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Boot in all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a Use of Uninitialized Variable vulnerability could potentially exist.",
  "id": "GHSA-ffcx-g38w-j5fx",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:42:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:42:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9942"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-05-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98243"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FHH6-H3PH-38CW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 00:01
VLAI
Details

A improper initialization in Fortinet FortiClient (Windows) version 6.0.10 and below, version 6.2.9 and below, version 6.4.7 and below, version 7.0.3 and below allows attacker to gain administrative privileges via placing a malicious executable inside the FortiClient installer's directory.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44169"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-06T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A improper initialization in Fortinet FortiClient (Windows) version 6.0.10 and below, version 6.2.9 and below, version 6.4.7 and below, version 7.0.3 and below allows attacker to gain administrative privileges via placing a malicious executable inside the FortiClient installer\u0027s directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-fhh6-h3ph-38cw",
  "modified": "2022-04-15T00:01:10Z",
  "published": "2022-04-07T00:00:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-21-238"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FJ7R-3G8V-95FH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:51
VLAI
Details

Improper initialization in BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) NUCs may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27887"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper initialization in BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) NUCs may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-fj7r-3g8v-95fh",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:51:08Z",
  "published": "2023-08-11T03:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27887"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00892.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FW7P-63QQ-7HPR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 22:37 – Updated: 2026-02-20 16:46
VLAI
Summary
filippo.io/edwards25519 MultiScalarMult produces invalid results or undefined behavior if receiver is not the identity
Details

(*Point).MultiScalarMult failed to initialize its receiver.

If the method was called on an initialized point that is not the identity point, MultiScalarMult produced an incorrect result.

If the method was called on an uninitialized point, the behavior was undefined. In particular, if the receiver was the zero value, MultiScalarMult returned an invalid point that compared Equal to every point.

Note that MultiScalarMult is a rarely used advanced API. For example, if you only depend on filippo.io/edwards25519 via github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql, you are not affected. If you were notified of this issue despite not being affected, consider switching to a vulnerability scanner that is more precise and respectful of your attention, like govulncheck.

Severity
1.7 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "filippo.io/edwards25519"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26958"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-665"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-18T22:37:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T23:16:26Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "`(*Point).MultiScalarMult` failed to initialize its receiver.\n\nIf the method was called on an initialized point that is not the identity point, MultiScalarMult produced an incorrect result.\n\nIf the method was called on an uninitialized point, the behavior was undefined. In particular, if the receiver was the zero value, MultiScalarMult returned an invalid point that compared Equal to every point.\n\n*Note that MultiScalarMult is a rarely used advanced API. For example, if you only depend on `filippo.io/edwards25519` via `github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql`, **you are not affected**. If you were notified of this issue despite not being affected, consider switching to a vulnerability scanner that is more precise and respectful of your attention, like [govulncheck](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/govulncheck).*",
  "id": "GHSA-fw7p-63qq-7hpr",
  "modified": "2026-02-20T16:46:42Z",
  "published": "2026-02-18T22:37:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FiloSottile/edwards25519/security/advisories/GHSA-fw7p-63qq-7hpr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26958"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FiloSottile/edwards25519/commit/d1c650afb95fad0742b98d95f2eb2cf031393abb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FiloSottile/edwards25519"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FiloSottile/edwards25519/releases/tag/v1.1.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "filippo.io/edwards25519 MultiScalarMult produces invalid results or undefined behavior if receiver is not the identity"
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, in Java, if the programmer does not explicitly initialize a variable, then the code could produce a compile-time error (if the variable is local) or automatically initialize the variable to the default value for the variable's type. In Perl, if explicit initialization is not performed, then a default value of undef is assigned, which is interpreted as 0, false, or an equivalent value depending on the context in which the variable is accessed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify all variables and data stores that receive information from external sources, and apply input validation to make sure that they are only initialized to expected values.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly initialize all your variables and other data stores, either during declaration or just before the first usage.

Mitigation
Implementation

Pay close attention to complex conditionals that affect initialization, since some conditions might not perform the initialization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid race conditions (CWE-362) during initialization routines.

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

Run or compile your product with settings that generate warnings about uninitialized variables or data.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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