CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
updated Relationships
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updated Common_Consequences
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updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
updated Relationships
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updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
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updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5687 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XXHG-M845-4M9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-01 06:31 – Updated: 2026-10-01 12:31The Payments for Hubtel WordPress plugin before 1.0.2 does not verify that the requester is authorized to view an order before redirecting a public payment-callback request, allowing unauthenticated attackers to obtain the order key of an arbitrary order and view its contents.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-96173"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-01T06:17:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Payments for Hubtel WordPress plugin before 1.0.2 does not verify that the requester is authorized to view an order before redirecting a public payment-callback request, allowing unauthenticated attackers to obtain the order key of an arbitrary order and view its contents.",
"id": "GHSA-xxhg-m845-4m9f",
"modified": "2026-10-01T12:31:12Z",
"published": "2026-10-01T06:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-96173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/fcaa1526-0cf4-4356-9cf8-bc2dc3ed33b8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXHH-MXCG-VMH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-27 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-27 15:31KitchenOwl through 0.7.10 fails to verify that category IDs belong to the caller's household in expense and item operations. Authenticated attackers can enumerate category IDs from other households to read their category names, budgets, and colors, breaking household isolation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-101033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-27T14:16:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "KitchenOwl through 0.7.10 fails to verify that category IDs belong to the caller\u0027s household in expense and item operations. Authenticated attackers can enumerate category IDs from other households to read their category names, budgets, and colors, breaking household isolation.",
"id": "GHSA-xxhh-mxcg-vmh8",
"modified": "2026-09-27T15:31:07Z",
"published": "2026-09-27T15:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-101033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl/issues/1154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl/pull/1155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl/commit/c15f6cb21a98d5eb70746bee6b63773a6d6a6251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl/blob/09aaf5fbd2343fcc10b12e906c63c3764dd38919/backend/app/controller/expense/expense_controller.py#L115-L118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TomBursch/kitchenowl/blob/09aaf5fbd2343fcc10b12e906c63c3764dd38919/backend/app/controller/item/item_controller.py#L86-L88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kitchenowl-through-0.7.10-idor-via-unchecked-category-id"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXJP-2JQ6-MMWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-23 21:30 – Updated: 2026-09-23 21:30Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Team <= 6.0.0 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-95592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-23T19:19:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Team \u003c= 6.0.0 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-xxjp-2jq6-mmwv",
"modified": "2026-09-23T21:30:52Z",
"published": "2026-09-23T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-95592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/tlp-team/vulnerability/wordpress-team-plugin-6-0-0-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXPJ-Q764-9R6Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 16:22 – Updated: 2026-07-20 21:19Summary
A low-privilege MCP token holder with knowledge of an attachment path could read any
file in shared storage, including attachments belonging to other bases and workspaces,
because the MCP readAttachment tool did not verify the file's ownership.
Details
The MCP readAttachment tool accepts caller-supplied path/url values and streams
the file via the storage adapter. The handler now looks up the path in
nc_file_references and requires a non-deleted row whose base_id matches the
caller's MCP context before streaming; otherwise it returns
Attachment is not accessible from this MCP context. The lookup tolerates both
download/uploads/... and uploads/... styles.
Impact
Arbitrary read against shared storage scoped to attachments the caller's MCP context should not see. Exploitation requires an MCP token and a known attachment path.
Credit
This issue was reported by @helwor-01.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.05.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nocodb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.05.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T16:22:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T21:17:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA low-privilege MCP token holder with knowledge of an attachment path could read any\nfile in shared storage, including attachments belonging to other bases and workspaces,\nbecause the MCP `readAttachment` tool did not verify the file\u0027s ownership.\n\n### Details\nThe MCP `readAttachment` tool accepts caller-supplied `path`/`url` values and streams\nthe file via the storage adapter. The handler now looks up the path in\n`nc_file_references` and requires a non-deleted row whose `base_id` matches the\ncaller\u0027s MCP context before streaming; otherwise it returns\n`Attachment is not accessible from this MCP context`. The lookup tolerates both\n`download/uploads/...` and `uploads/...` styles.\n\n### Impact\nArbitrary read against shared storage scoped to attachments the caller\u0027s MCP context\nshould not see. Exploitation requires an MCP token and a known attachment path.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was reported by [@helwor-01](https://github.com/helwor-01).",
"id": "GHSA-xxpj-q764-9r6q",
"modified": "2026-07-20T21:19:03Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T16:22:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/security/advisories/GHSA-xxpj-q764-9r6q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47388"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/releases/tag/2026.05.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "NocoDB: Missing Ownership Check in MCP Attachment Read"
}
GHSA-XXR5-RV8H-2Q24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-02 15:31 – Updated: 2026-11-02 15:31Jpom through 2.11.12 contains a cross-workspace authorization bypass in POST /node/ssh_command/batch that resolves command templates and SSH nodes by ID without workspace filtering. Authenticated users with SSH command execute permission in one workspace can supply foreign template and node IDs to run commands on other workspaces' SSH hosts using their stored credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-120461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-02T15:17:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jpom through 2.11.12 contains a cross-workspace authorization bypass in POST /node/ssh_command/batch that resolves command templates and SSH nodes by ID without workspace filtering. Authenticated users with SSH command execute permission in one workspace can supply foreign template and node IDs to run commands on other workspaces\u0027 SSH hosts using their stored credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-xxr5-rv8h-2q24",
"modified": "2026-11-02T15:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-11-02T15:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-120461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/issues/120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/commit/ff09fe8095a792cea9c4b8babd93a333655d0a28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/blob/v2.11.12/modules/server/src/main/java/org/dromara/jpom/controller/ssh/CommandInfoController.java#L176-L184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/blob/v2.11.12/modules/server/src/main/java/org/dromara/jpom/service/node/ssh/SshCommandService.java#L167-L169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jpom-through-2.11.12-cross-workspace-authorization-bypass-via-node-ssh-command-batch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXRP-RXF8-3MMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-30 18:31IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.1 allows authenticated users to access and manipulate other users' build jobs through improper access control on log retrieval and unauthenticated build endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-30T17:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.1 allows authenticated users to access and manipulate other users\u0027 build jobs through improper access control on log retrieval and unauthenticated build endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-xxrp-rxf8-3mmx",
"modified": "2026-07-30T18:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T18:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7279994"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXWR-WV9G-7JW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 17:19 – Updated: 2025-05-21 19:05Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in the femanager TYPO3 extension allows attackers to view frontend user data via a user parameter in the newAction of the newController.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-425",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-21T17:19:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T16:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in the femanager TYPO3 extension allows attackers to view frontend user data via a user parameter in the newAction of the newController.",
"id": "GHSA-xxwr-wv9g-7jw3",
"modified": "2025-05-21T19:05:14Z",
"published": "2025-05-21T17:19:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/in2code-de/femanager/commit/54851f8f60254bd8060bdf7bc16d56f4de7bd828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/in2code/femanager/CVE-2025-48202.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/in2code-de/femanager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2025-006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "The femanager TYPO3 extension allows Insecure Direct Object Reference"
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.