CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
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updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
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updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
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updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
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updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5710 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3JQH-85C5-QCRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 03:31 – Updated: 2025-02-18 03:31The ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.9.4.2 via the pm_messenger_show_messages function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to read private conversations of other users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13740"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T03:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 5.9.4.2 via the pm_messenger_show_messages function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to read private conversations of other users.",
"id": "GHSA-3jqh-85c5-qcrg",
"modified": "2025-02-18T03:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-02-18T03:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/tags/5.9.4.2/public/class-profile-magic-public.php#L1299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c2a1b1a4-df72-4666-b116-882af4cd5796?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3JVH-PGP8-6866
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-02-20 18:31A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Online Laundry Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file manage_user.php of the component HTTP Request Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument id leads to improper control of resource identifiers. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-263938 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4817"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-99"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:45:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Campcodes Online Laundry Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file manage_user.php of the component HTTP Request Parameter Handler. The manipulation of the argument id leads to improper control of resource identifiers. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-263938 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3jvh-pgp8-6866",
"modified": "2025-02-20T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yylmm/CVE/blob/main/Online%20Laundry%20Management%20System/IDOR_manage_user.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.263938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.263938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.333055"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M4H-JF7H-5GX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-02 15:31 – Updated: 2026-11-02 15:31Jpom through 2.11.12 contains a cross-workspace authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated users to manage other workspaces' Docker hosts by supplying foreign Docker asset ids. Attackers with Docker permission in any workspace can control containers, images, volumes and networks, including creating privileged containers with host bind mounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-120460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-02T15:17:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jpom through 2.11.12 contains a cross-workspace authorization bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated users to manage other workspaces\u0027 Docker hosts by supplying foreign Docker asset ids. Attackers with Docker permission in any workspace can control containers, images, volumes and networks, including creating privileged containers with host bind mounts.",
"id": "GHSA-3m4h-jf7h-5gx2",
"modified": "2026-11-02T15:31:46Z",
"published": "2026-11-02T15:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-120460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/issues/119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/commit/ff09fe8095a792cea9c4b8babd93a333655d0a28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/blob/v2.11.12/modules/server/src/main/java/org/dromara/jpom/controller/docker/DockerContainerController.java#L48-L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/Jpom/blob/v2.11.12/modules/server/src/main/java/org/dromara/jpom/controller/docker/DockerImagesController.java#L48-L51"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jpom-through-2.11.12-cross-workspace-authorization-bypass-via-docker-controllers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M4R-974P-RPWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-26 18:32 – Updated: 2026-11-02 18:32Homestay3 homestay-backend 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT contains an IDOR in ChatServiceImpl. An authenticated user can view conversations, read messages, send messages, and mark messages as read for arbitrary conversation ids because the service does not verify that the caller is a conversation participant.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-106677"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-26T17:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Homestay3 homestay-backend 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT contains an IDOR in ChatServiceImpl. An authenticated user can view conversations, read messages, send messages, and mark messages as read for arbitrary conversation ids because the service does not verify that the caller is a conversation participant.",
"id": "GHSA-3m4r-974p-rpwj",
"modified": "2026-11-02T18:32:02Z",
"published": "2026-10-26T18:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-106677"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/homestay3/homestay-backend"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tao0845/CVE-Request/blob/main/CVE-2026-106677.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3MM3-WFPV-Q85G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-21 00:38An issue was discovered in Clerk-js 5.88.0 allowing attackers to bypass the OAuth authentication flow by manipulating the request at the OTP verification stage.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@clerk/clerk-js"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.88.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-21T00:38:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-20T19:16:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Clerk-js 5.88.0 allowing attackers to bypass the OAuth authentication flow by manipulating the request at the OTP verification stage.",
"id": "GHSA-3mm3-wfpv-q85g",
"modified": "2025-11-21T00:38:59Z",
"published": "2025-11-20T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://clerk.com"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/clerk/javascript"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/itsnishat08/CVE-2025-63700"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Clerk-js vulnerable to bypass of OAuth authentication flow by manipulating request at OTP verification stage"
}
GHSA-3MPF-FHF9-62MX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 21:31An low privileged remote attacker in possession of the second factor for another user can login as that user without knowledge of the other user`s password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3091"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-24T09:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An low privileged remote attacker in possession of the second factor for another user can login as that user without knowledge of the other user`s password.",
"id": "GHSA-3mpf-fhf9-62mx",
"modified": "2025-06-26T21:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-06-26T21:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P7C-45PX-FV4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Academy LMS Academy LMS allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Academy LMS: from n/a through 3.3.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Academy LMS Academy LMS allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Academy LMS: from n/a through 3.3.4.",
"id": "GHSA-3p7c-45px-fv4v",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:18Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/academy/vulnerability/wordpress-academy-lms-plugin-3-3-4-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P7X-94Q9-JQ9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-05 21:43pgAdmin versions 9.11 are affected by a Restore restriction bypass via key disclosure vulnerability that occurs when running in server mode and performing restores from PLAIN-format dump files. An attacker with access to the pgAdmin web interface can observe an active restore operation, extract the \restrict key in real time, and race the restore process by overwriting the restore script with a payload that re-enables meta-commands using \unrestrict <key>. This results in reliable command execution on the pgAdmin host during the restore operation.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pgadmin4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1707"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-05T21:43:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-05T18:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "pgAdmin versions 9.11 are affected by a Restore restriction bypass via key disclosure vulnerability that occurs when running in server mode and performing restores from PLAIN-format dump files. An attacker with access to the pgAdmin web interface can observe an active restore operation, extract the `\\restrict` key in real time, and race the restore process by overwriting the restore script with a payload that re-enables meta-commands using `\\unrestrict \u003ckey\u003e`. This results in reliable command execution on the pgAdmin host during the restore operation.",
"id": "GHSA-3p7x-94q9-jq9x",
"modified": "2026-02-05T21:43:48Z",
"published": "2026-02-05T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/9518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/62e2d18b0261f88086db65059a6078db07169f18"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "pgadmin4 affected by a Restore restriction bypass via key disclosure vulnerability"
}
GHSA-3P8V-XVG4-95H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:30waynboot-mall through 2.0.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability in the mobile CartController that allows authenticated members to modify or delete other members' cart items. Attackers can enumerate sequential cart ids via PUT /cart, POST /cart/changeNum, and DELETE /cart/{cartId} to change quantities, selection state, or remove items.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-110127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T17:17:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "waynboot-mall through 2.0.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability in the mobile CartController that allows authenticated members to modify or delete other members\u0027 cart items. Attackers can enumerate sequential cart ids via PUT /cart, POST /cart/changeNum, and DELETE /cart/{cartId} to change quantities, selection state, or remove items.",
"id": "GHSA-3p8v-xvg4-95h3",
"modified": "2026-10-13T18:30:56Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T18:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wayn111/waynboot-mall/blob/v2.0.0/waynboot-common/src/main/java/com/wayn/common/core/service/shop/impl/CartServiceImpl.java#L151-L158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wayn111/waynboot-mall/blob/v2.0.0/waynboot-mobile-api/src/main/java/com/wayn/mobile/api/controller/CartController.java#L75-L101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wayn111/waynboot-mall/releases/tag/v2.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@1ExmmukzRMWN7B4gQ4W-4Q/waynboot-mall-mobile-member-ownership-idor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/waynboot-mall-through-2.0.0-idor-via-mobile-cart-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3PC6-5VX3-VF24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 03:30Tanium addressed an improper access controls vulnerability in Comply.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-87047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T03:17:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tanium addressed an improper access controls vulnerability in Comply.",
"id": "GHSA-3pc6-5vx3-vf24",
"modified": "2026-09-09T03:30:47Z",
"published": "2026-09-09T03:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.tanium.com/TAN-2026-038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.