CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
updated Description
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5738 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-28H7-PR55-9W57
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 09:33Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Solvera Software Services Trade Inc. Teknoera allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.This issue affects Teknoera: through 01102025.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T13:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Solvera Software Services Trade Inc. Teknoera allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.This issue affects Teknoera: through 01102025.",
"id": "GHSA-28h7-pr55-9w57",
"modified": "2026-06-05T09:33:45Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T15:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-26-0003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28JM-43F2-H9JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-30 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to the dates of the current contract details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-30T11:37:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to\u00a0access to the dates of the current contract details using unauthorised internal identifiers.",
"id": "GHSA-28jm-43f2-h9jm",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-09-30T12:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/insecure-direct-object-reference-gps-bold-workplanner"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-28R4-82C9-HFH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 06:31 – Updated: 2026-08-19 15:32The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) WordPress plugin before 11.2.4 does not perform a per-object ownership check on the REST routes that return a quiz's email-notification and results-page configuration, allowing users with contributor-level access and above to read the configuration, including notification recipient addresses, of quizzes created by other users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T06:17:33Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) WordPress plugin before 11.2.4 does not perform a per-object ownership check on the REST routes that return a quiz\u0027s email-notification and results-page configuration, allowing users with contributor-level access and above to read the configuration, including notification recipient addresses, of quizzes created by other users.",
"id": "GHSA-28r4-82c9-hfh7",
"modified": "2026-08-19T15:32:20Z",
"published": "2026-08-19T06:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/bb9cac20-4df5-4834-89f0-746a5eab20ea"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-28VM-3VP8-H5JP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-30 03:30 – Updated: 2025-11-30 03:30The StreamTube Core plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary User Password Change in versions up to, and including, 4.78. This is due to the plugin providing user-controlled access to objects, letting a user bypass authorization and access system resources. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change user passwords and potentially take over administrator accounts. Note: This can only be exploited if the 'registration password fields' enabled in theme options.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13615"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-30T02:15:58Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The StreamTube Core plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary User Password Change in versions up to, and including, 4.78. This is due to the plugin providing user-controlled access to objects, letting a user bypass authorization and access system resources. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change user passwords and potentially take over administrator accounts. Note: This can only be exploited if the \u0027registration password fields\u0027 enabled in theme options.",
"id": "GHSA-28vm-3vp8-h5jp",
"modified": "2025-11-30T03:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-11-30T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/streamtube-responsive-video-wordpress-theme/33821786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b812a0d7-99a1-4f61-b78a-78cea6a2ada1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-292C-37QX-V9G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-04 06:32 – Updated: 2026-11-04 15:32The Essential Real Estate WordPress plugin before 5.3.5 does not verify that a media attachment belongs to the requesting user before deleting it, allowing a self-registered customer-level user to delete other users' media library attachments, including those owned by administrators.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-110964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-04T06:16:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Essential Real Estate WordPress plugin before 5.3.5 does not verify that a media attachment belongs to the requesting user before deleting it, allowing a self-registered customer-level user to delete other users\u0027 media library attachments, including those owned by administrators.",
"id": "GHSA-292c-37qx-v9g9",
"modified": "2026-11-04T15:32:26Z",
"published": "2026-11-04T06:32:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-110964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2c79fd6f-56ca-4133-ac6c-84b2d15c0fa4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-296F-CX2X-G274
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-26 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-05 00:30SunGrow iSolarCloud before the October 31, 2024 remediation is vulnerable to insecure direct object references (IDOR) via the userService API model.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50693"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "SunGrow iSolarCloud before the October 31, 2024 remediation is vulnerable to insecure direct object references (IDOR) via the userService API model.",
"id": "GHSA-296f-cx2x-g274",
"modified": "2025-03-05T00:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-02-26T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://en.sungrowpower.com/security-notice-detail-2/6120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-297F-R9W7-W492
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-20 19:00 – Updated: 2024-04-23 17:24Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p2 (and earlier), 2.3.7-p3 (and earlier) and 2.4.4 (and earlier) are affected by an improper input validation vulnerability. An authenticated attacker can trigger an insecure direct object reference in the V1/customers/me endpoint to achieve information exposure and privilege escalation.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.7-p4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3-p3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.4"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.4.4"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-23T17:24:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-20T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.3-p2 (and earlier), 2.3.7-p3 (and earlier) and 2.4.4 (and earlier) are affected by an improper input validation vulnerability. An authenticated attacker can trigger an insecure direct object reference in the `V1/customers/me` endpoint to achieve information exposure and privilege escalation.",
"id": "GHSA-297f-r9w7-w492",
"modified": "2024-04-23T17:24:33Z",
"published": "2022-10-20T19:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42344"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb22-38.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Magento Improper input validation vulnerability"
}
GHSA-29CR-9CJX-C8CG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-01 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-01 21:31An authorization bypass in the runZero Platform MCP service has been resolved in version 5.1.260826.0. This issue is an instance of CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key and has an estimated CVSS score of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N (3.5 Low).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81846"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T19:17:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An authorization bypass in the runZero Platform MCP service has been resolved in version 5.1.260826.0. This issue is an instance of CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key and has an estimated CVSS score of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N (3.5 Low).",
"id": "GHSA-29cr-9cjx-c8cg",
"modified": "2026-09-01T21:31:45Z",
"published": "2026-09-01T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://help.runzero.com/docs/release-notes/#512608260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.runzero.com/advisories/runzero-mcp-findings-summaries-data-leak-cve-2026-81846"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29G4-F4X2-PCJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-11-07 06:31 – Updated: 2026-11-07 06:31IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information due to broken object-level authorization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-17366"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-11-07T05:18:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM API Connect 10.0.8.0 through 10.0.8.12 and 12.1.0.0 through 12.1.1.2 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information due to broken object-level authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-29g4-f4x2-pcjg",
"modified": "2026-11-07T06:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-11-07T06:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7295635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7295637"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29G9-48V7-9R7C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Paid Memberships Pro allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Paid Memberships Pro: from n/a through 3.0.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37277"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Paid Memberships Pro allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Paid Memberships Pro: from n/a through 3.0.4.",
"id": "GHSA-29g9-48v7-9r7c",
"modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:57Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/paid-memberships-pro/wordpress-paid-memberships-pro-plugin-3-0-4-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.