CWE-611
AllowedImproper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1696 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-84P4-QFPM-85HX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:10 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:10An XML external entity vulnerability in the XOG functionality, in CA PPM 14.3 and below, 14.4, 15.1, 15.2 CP5 and below, and 15.3 CP2 and below, allows remote attackers to conduct server side request forgery attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-13826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-30T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An XML external entity vulnerability in the XOG functionality, in CA PPM 14.3 and below, 14.4, 15.1, 15.2 CP5 and below, and 15.3 CP2 and below, allows remote attackers to conduct server side request forgery attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-84p4-qfpm-85hx",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:10:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:10:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.ca.com/us/product-content/recommended-reading/security-notices/ca20180829-01--security-notice-for-ca-ppm.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105297"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8525-52VG-JV6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-12 22:32Qualys Jenkins Plugin for Policy Compliance prior to version and including 1.0.5 was identified to be affected by a security flaw, which was missing a permission check while performing a connectivity check to Qualys Cloud Services. This allowed any user with login access to configure or edit jobs to utilize the plugin and configure potential a rouge endpoint via which it was possible to control response for certain request which could be injected with XXE payloads leading to XXE while processing the response data
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.qualys.plugins:qualys-pc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-09T18:50:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T08:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Qualys Jenkins Plugin for Policy Compliance prior to version and including 1.0.5 was identified to be affected by a security flaw, which was missing a permission check while performing a connectivity check to Qualys Cloud Services. This allowed any user with login access to configure or edit jobs to utilize the plugin and configure potential a rouge endpoint via which it was possible to control response for certain request which could be injected with XXE payloads leading to XXE while processing the response data",
"id": "GHSA-8525-52vg-jv6v",
"modified": "2024-01-12T22:32:30Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6147"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/qualys-pc-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.jenkins.io/qualys-pc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualys.com/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualys.com/security-advisories/cve-2023-6147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/24/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Qualys Jenkins Plugin for Policy Compliance XML External Entity vulnerability"
}
GHSA-8538-25V4-25PG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 20:36JAPEX Plugin 1.7 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.
This allows attackers able to control XML input files for the 'Record Japex test report' post-build step to have Jenkins parse a crafted file that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jvnet.hudson.plugins:japex"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-21T22:26:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "JAPEX Plugin 1.7 and earlier does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.\n\nThis allows attackers able to control XML input files for the \u0027Record Japex test report\u0027 post-build step to have Jenkins parse a crafted file that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.",
"id": "GHSA-8538-25v4-25pg",
"modified": "2025-04-30T20:36:59Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45400"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/japex-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-11-15/#SECURITY-2941"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/11/15/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XXE vulnerability in Jenkins JAPEX Plugin"
}
GHSA-85HW-W436-C725
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:02 – Updated: 2022-11-04 20:37This affects Apache Cayenne 4.1.M1, 3.2.M1, 4.0.M2 to 4.0.M5, 4.0.B1, 4.0.B2, 4.0.RC1, 3.1, 3.1.1, 3.1.2. CayenneModeler is a desktop GUI tool shipped with Apache Cayenne and intended for editing Cayenne ORM models stored as XML files. If an attacker tricks a user of CayenneModeler into opening a malicious XML file, the attacker will be able to instruct the XML parser built into CayenneModeler to transfer files from a local machine to a remote machine controlled by the attacker. The cause of the issue is XML parser processing XML External Entity (XXE) declarations included in XML. The vulnerability is addressed in Cayenne by disabling XXE processing in all operations that require XML parsing.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cayenne:cayenne-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.cayenne:cayenne-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11758"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-04T20:37:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-22T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This affects Apache Cayenne 4.1.M1, 3.2.M1, 4.0.M2 to 4.0.M5, 4.0.B1, 4.0.B2, 4.0.RC1, 3.1, 3.1.1, 3.1.2. CayenneModeler is a desktop GUI tool shipped with Apache Cayenne and intended for editing Cayenne ORM models stored as XML files. If an attacker tricks a user of CayenneModeler into opening a malicious XML file, the attacker will be able to instruct the XML parser built into CayenneModeler to transfer files from a local machine to a remote machine controlled by the attacker. The cause of the issue is XML parser processing XML External Entity (XXE) declarations included in XML. The vulnerability is addressed in Cayenne by disabling XXE processing in all operations that require XML parsing.",
"id": "GHSA-85hw-w436-c725",
"modified": "2022-11-04T20:37:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:02:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ed60a4d329be3c722f105317ca883986dfcd17615c70d1df87f4528c@%3Cuser.cayenne.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "apache/cayenne"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XML External Entity Reference in Apache Cayenne"
}
GHSA-8678-W3JW-XFC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 16:36 – Updated: 2026-06-19 16:36Summary
The NONET parse option, which Nokogiri turns on by default for Nokogiri::XML::Schema (see CVE-2020-26247), was not correctly enforced on the JRuby implementation. As a result, a schema parsed with default options could still cause external resources to be fetched over the network, potentially enabling SSRF or XXE attacks.
Nokogiri 1.19.4 replaces the scheme denylist with an allowlist. When NONET is enabled, only local resources (a file: scheme, or a relative or absolute path with no scheme) are resolved, and every network scheme is blocked, case-insensitively. This brings the JRuby behavior in line with CRuby.
Only the JRuby implementation is affected. CRuby is not affected, because libxml2's xmlNoNetExternalEntityLoader blocks all network schemes at the I/O layer regardless of scheme or case.
Severity
The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as low severity (CVSS 2.6, CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N). It is a bypass of CVE-2020-26247, which was scored the same way.
Mitigation
Upgrade to Nokogiri 1.19.4 or later.
There are no known workarounds for affected versions.
This change properly enforces NONET on JRuby, which is a breaking change for any code that (perhaps unknowingly) relied on the previous behavior to load network resources with default parse options. If you trust your input and want to allow external resources to be accessed over the network, you can explicitly disable NONET, exactly as documented for CVE-2020-26247:
- Ensure the input is trusted. Do not enable this option for untrusted input.
- Pass a
Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptionswith theNONETflag turned off:
# allows resources to be accessed over the network for trusted input
schema = Nokogiri::XML::Schema.new(trusted_schema, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new.nononet)
References
- Bypass of: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-vr8q-g5c7-m54m
Credit
This issue was responsibly reported by @bilerden.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "nokogiri"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.19.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-178",
"CWE-184",
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T16:36:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `NONET` parse option, which Nokogiri turns on by default for `Nokogiri::XML::Schema` (see [CVE-2020-26247](https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-vr8q-g5c7-m54m)), was not correctly enforced on the JRuby implementation. As a result, a schema parsed with default options could still cause external resources to be fetched over the network, potentially enabling SSRF or XXE attacks.\n\nNokogiri 1.19.4 replaces the scheme denylist with an allowlist. When `NONET` is enabled, only local resources (a `file:` scheme, or a relative or absolute path with no scheme) are resolved, and every network scheme is blocked, case-insensitively. This brings the JRuby behavior in line with CRuby.\n\nOnly the JRuby implementation is affected. CRuby is not affected, because libxml2\u0027s `xmlNoNetExternalEntityLoader` blocks all network schemes at the I/O layer regardless of scheme or case.\n\n### Severity\n\nThe Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as low severity (CVSS 2.6, `CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N`). It is a bypass of CVE-2020-26247, which was scored the same way.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to Nokogiri 1.19.4 or later.\n\nThere are no known workarounds for affected versions.\n\nThis change properly enforces `NONET` on JRuby, which is a breaking change for any code that (perhaps unknowingly) relied on the previous behavior to load network resources with default parse options. If you trust your input and want to allow external resources to be accessed over the network, you can explicitly disable `NONET`, exactly as documented for CVE-2020-26247:\n\n1. Ensure the input is trusted. Do not enable this option for untrusted input.\n2. Pass a `Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions` with the `NONET` flag turned off:\n\n``` ruby\n# allows resources to be accessed over the network for trusted input\nschema = Nokogiri::XML::Schema.new(trusted_schema, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new.nononet)\n```\n\n### References\n\n- Bypass of: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-vr8q-g5c7-m54m\n\n### Credit\n\nThis issue was responsibly reported by @bilerden.",
"id": "GHSA-8678-w3jw-xfc2",
"modified": "2026-06-19T16:36:11Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T16:36:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-8678-w3jw-xfc2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Nokogiri: XML::Schema on JRuby allows network requests when NONET is set, bypassing CVE-2020-26247"
}
GHSA-869H-QHFX-W939
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 09:30 – Updated: 2024-12-11 19:38XXE vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.3.7, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.4 before update 4, 7.3 before update 12, 7.2 before fix pack 20, and older unsupported versions allows attackers with permission to deploy widgets/portlets/extensions to obtain sensitive information or consume system resources via the Java2WsddTask._format method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:com.liferay.util.java"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3.10.u12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.13.u4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.2.10.fp20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-11T19:38:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "XXE vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.3.7, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.4 before update 4, 7.3 before update 12, 7.2 before fix pack 20, and older unsupported versions allows attackers with permission to deploy widgets/portlets/extensions to obtain sensitive information or consume system resources via the Java2WsddTask._format method.",
"id": "GHSA-869h-qhfx-w939",
"modified": "2024-12-11T19:38:12Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T09:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25606"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/cve-2024-25606"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal has an XXE vulnerability in Java2WsddTask._format"
}
GHSA-86G4-MJ62-F66H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-16 21:31An issue found in NetScout nGeniusOne v.6.3.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service via a crafted file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26999"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T02:15:44Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue found in NetScout nGeniusOne v.6.3.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code and cause a denial of service via a crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-86g4-mj62-f66h",
"modified": "2025-06-16T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26999"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://piotrryciak.com/posts/netscout-multiple-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://netscout.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ngeniusone.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-86GR-HF8C-38JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:15 – Updated: 2024-02-15 03:30Mahara 1.4.x before 1.4.4 and 1.5.x before 1.5.3 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or create TCP connections via an XML external entity (XXE) injection attack, as demonstrated by reading config.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-2239"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-11-24T20:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mahara 1.4.x before 1.4.4 and 1.5.x before 1.5.3 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or create TCP connections via an XML external entity (XXE) injection attack, as demonstrated by reading config.php.",
"id": "GHSA-86gr-hf8c-38jv",
"modified": "2024-02-15T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:15:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/mahara/+bug/1047111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mahara.org/interaction/forum/topic.php?id=4869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2591"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-86M6-G2F9-MWM6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43A remote authenticated authenticated xml external entity (xxe) vulnerability was discovered in Aruba AirWave Management Platform version(s): Prior to 8.2.12.0. Due to improper restrictions on XML entities a vulnerability exists in the web-based management interface of AirWave. A successful exploit could allow an authenticated attacker to retrieve files from the local system or cause the application to consume system resources, resulting in a denial of service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-05T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote authenticated authenticated xml external entity (xxe) vulnerability was discovered in Aruba AirWave Management Platform version(s): Prior to 8.2.12.0. Due to improper restrictions on XML entities a vulnerability exists in the web-based management interface of AirWave. A successful exploit could allow an authenticated attacker to retrieve files from the local system or cause the application to consume system resources, resulting in a denial of service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-86m6-g2f9-mwm6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-005.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-86P9-X5PW-94QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2024-03-06 21:45The XML parsers in iText before 5.5.12 and 7.x before 7.0.3 do not disable external entities, which might allow remote attackers to conduct XML external entity (XXE) attacks via a crafted PDF.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.itextpdf:itextpdf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.itextpdf:itextpdf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.lowagie:itext"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-30T19:51:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-08T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The XML parsers in iText before 5.5.12 and 7.x before 7.0.3 do not disable external entities, which might allow remote attackers to conduct XML external entity (XXE) attacks via a crafted PDF.",
"id": "GHSA-86p9-x5pw-94qx",
"modified": "2024-03-06T21:45:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03902en_us"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.compass-security.com/fileadmin/Datein/Research/Advisories/CSNC-2017-017_itext_xml_external_entity_attack.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/541483/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference in iText"
}
Mitigation
Many XML parsers and validators can be configured to disable external entity expansion.
CAPEC-221: Data Serialization External Entities Blowup
This attack takes advantage of the entity replacement property of certain data serialization languages (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) where the value of the replacement is a URI. A well-crafted file could have the entity refer to a URI that consumes a large amount of resources to create a denial of service condition. This can cause the system to either freeze, crash, or execute arbitrary code depending on the URI.