CWE-611
AllowedImproper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1696 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-826P-4GCG-35VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 23:14 – Updated: 2025-06-09 23:14Summary
GeoTools Schema class use of Eclipse XSD library to represent schema data structure is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) exploit.
Impact
This impacts whoever exposes XML processing with gt-xsd-core involved in parsing, when the documents carry a reference to an external XML schema. The gt-xsd-core Schemas class is not using the EntityResolver provided by the ParserHandler (if any was configured).
This also impacts users of gt-wfs-ng DataStore where the ENTITY_RESOLVER connection parameter was not being used as intended.
Resolution
GeoTools API change allows EntityResolver to be supplied to the following methods:
Schemas.parse( location, locators, resolvers, uriHandlers, entityResolver);
Schemas.findSchemas(Configuration configuration, EntityResolver entityResolver);
With this API change the gt-wfs-ng WFS DataStore ENTITY_RESOLVER parameter is now used.
Reference
-
GHSA-jj54-8f66-c5pc: Describes the impact of the
gt-xsd-corevulnerability on the GeoServer WFS protocol, resulting in both Service Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Out-of-Band (OOB) data exfiltration of local files. -
GHSA-2p76-gc46-5fvc: Describes the impact of the
gt-wfs-ngandgt-xsd-corevulnerability on the GeoNetwork WFS Index functionality.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-xsd-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "33.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"33.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-xsd-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "32.0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 31.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-xsd-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "29.0"
},
{
"fixed": "31.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-wfs-ng"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "33.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-wfs-ng"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "32.0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 31.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-wfs-ng"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "29.0"
},
{
"fixed": "31.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-xsd-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "28.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.geotools:gt-wfs-ng"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "28.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-09T23:14:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nGeoTools Schema class use of Eclipse XSD library to represent schema data structure is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) exploit.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis impacts whoever exposes XML processing with ``gt-xsd-core`` involved in parsing, when the documents carry a reference to an external XML schema. The ``gt-xsd-core`` Schemas class is not using the EntityResolver provided by the ParserHandler (if any was configured).\n\nThis also impacts users of ``gt-wfs-ng`` DataStore where the ENTITY_RESOLVER connection parameter was not being used as intended.\n\n### Resolution\n\nGeoTools API change allows EntityResolver to be supplied to the following methods:\n\n```java\nSchemas.parse( location, locators, resolvers, uriHandlers, entityResolver);\nSchemas.findSchemas(Configuration configuration, EntityResolver entityResolver);\n```\n\nWith this API change the `gt-wfs-ng` WFS DataStore ENTITY_RESOLVER parameter is now used.\n\n### Reference\n\n* [GHSA-jj54-8f66-c5pc](https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-jj54-8f66-c5pc): Describes the impact of the ``gt-xsd-core`` vulnerability on the GeoServer WFS protocol, resulting in both Service Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and Out-of-Band (OOB) data exfiltration of local files.\n\n* [GHSA-2p76-gc46-5fvc](https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/security/advisories/GHSA-2p76-gc46-5fvc): Describes the impact of the ``gt-wfs-ng`` and ``gt-xsd-core`` vulnerability on the GeoNetwork WFS Index functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-826p-4gcg-35vw",
"modified": "2025-06-09T23:14:48Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T23:14:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/security/advisories/GHSA-2p76-gc46-5fvc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-jj54-8f66-c5pc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-826p-4gcg-35vw"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/geotools/geotools"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "GeoTools has XML External Entity (XXE) Processing Vulnerability in XSD schema handling"
}
GHSA-827C-2VM3-7RQG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00Delta Electronics Delta Robot Automation Studio (DRAS) versions prior to 1.13.20 are affected by improper restrictions where the software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output. This may allow an attacker to view sensitive documents and information on the affected host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-31T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Delta Electronics Delta Robot Automation Studio (DRAS) versions prior to 1.13.20 are affected by improper restrictions where the software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output. This may allow an attacker to view sensitive documents and information on the affected host.",
"id": "GHSA-827c-2vm3-7rqg",
"modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:16Z",
"published": "2022-09-01T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-228-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8288-C5XC-3655
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:42 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:42An XML External Entity Injection vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos Space versions prior to 16.1R1 may allow an authenticated user to read arbitrary files on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2308"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-30T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An XML External Entity Injection vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos Space versions prior to 16.1R1 may allow an authenticated user to read arbitrary files on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-8288-c5xc-3655",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:42:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:42:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2308"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98755"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82GQ-J5JH-598W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31FrostWire version <= frostwire-desktop-6.7.4-build-272 contains a XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in Man in the middle on update that can result in Disclosure of confidential data, denial of service, SSRF, port scanning. This attack appear to be exploitable via Man in the middle the call to update the software.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1000828"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-20T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FrostWire version \u003c= frostwire-desktop-6.7.4-build-272 contains a XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in Man in the middle on update that can result in Disclosure of confidential data, denial of service, SSRF, port scanning. This attack appear to be exploitable via Man in the middle the call to update the software.",
"id": "GHSA-82gq-j5jh-598w",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frostwire/frostwire/issues/829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://0dd.zone/2018/10/28/frostwire-XXE-MitM"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82Q6-M96J-XJ8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:11 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:11XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in api/rest/status in SearchBlox 8.6.7 allows remote unauthenticated users to read arbitrary files or conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks via a crafted DTD in an XML request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-05T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in api/rest/status in SearchBlox 8.6.7 allows remote unauthenticated users to read arbitrary files or conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) attacks via a crafted DTD in an XML request.",
"id": "GHSA-82q6-m96j-xj8r",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:11:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:11:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gurelahmet.com/searchblox-8-6-7-out-of-band-xml-external-entity-oob-xxe-cve-2018-11586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/148032/SearchBlox-8.6.7-XML-External-Entity-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82Q9-88M2-4V68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-29 15:30 – Updated: 2023-12-05 22:53Jenkins MATLAB Plugin determines whether a user-specified directory on the Jenkins controller is the location of a MATLAB installation by parsing an XML file in that directory.
MATLAB Plugin 2.11.0 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints implementing related form validation.
Additionally, these HTTP endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
Additionally, the plugin does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks. This allows attackers able to create files on the Jenkins controller file system to have Jenkins parse a crafted XML document that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.
MATLAB Plugin 2.11.1 configures its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.
Additionally, POST requests and Item/Configure permission are required for the affected HTTP endpoints.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:matlab"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-29T21:31:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-29T14:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins MATLAB Plugin determines whether a user-specified directory on the Jenkins controller is the location of a MATLAB installation by parsing an XML file in that directory.\n\nMATLAB Plugin 2.11.0 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints implementing related form validation.\n\nAdditionally, these HTTP endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAdditionally, the plugin does not configure its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks. This allows attackers able to create files on the Jenkins controller file system to have Jenkins parse a crafted XML document that uses external entities for extraction of secrets from the Jenkins controller or server-side request forgery.\n\nMATLAB Plugin 2.11.1 configures its XML parser to prevent XML external entity (XXE) attacks.\n\nAdditionally, POST requests and Item/Configure permission are required for the affected HTTP endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-82q9-88m2-4v68",
"modified": "2023-12-05T22:53:10Z",
"published": "2023-11-29T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-11-29/#SECURITY-3193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/29/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins MATLAB Plugin XML External Entity vulnerability"
}
GHSA-82XF-QV3C-486V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:51 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:51The Symantec Messaging Gateway product prior to 10.6.6 may be susceptible to a XML external entity (XXE) exploit, which is a type of issue where XML input containing a reference to an external entity is processed by a weakly configured XML parser. The attack uses file URI schemes or relative paths in the system identifier to access files that should not normally be accessible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12243"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-19T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Symantec Messaging Gateway product prior to 10.6.6 may be susceptible to a XML external entity (XXE) exploit, which is a type of issue where XML input containing a reference to an external entity is processed by a weakly configured XML parser. The attack uses file URI schemes or relative paths in the system identifier to access files that should not normally be accessible.",
"id": "GHSA-82xf-qv3c-486v",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:51:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:51:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.symantec.com/en_US/article.SYMSA1461.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105330"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8373-PWFJ-665J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 21:31Oinone Pamirs 7.0.0 contains an XML External Entity (XXE) issue in its XStream-based XML parsing logic. When attacker-controlled XML is passed to framework parsing entry points such as PamirsXmlUtils.fromXML(...) or ViewXmlUtils.fromXML(...), unsafe XML processing can lead to file disclosure or SSRF.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39053"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T15:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Oinone Pamirs 7.0.0 contains an XML External Entity (XXE) issue in its XStream-based XML parsing logic. When attacker-controlled XML is passed to framework parsing entry points such as PamirsXmlUtils.fromXML(...) or ViewXmlUtils.fromXML(...), unsafe XML processing can lead to file disclosure or SSRF.",
"id": "GHSA-8373-pwfj-665j",
"modified": "2026-05-15T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Misakim1/859c3eb9ced699089ee0747dae9bedc1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oinone/oinone-pamirs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oinone.top/changelog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-838R-HVWH-24H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-13 20:06 – Updated: 2021-09-24 13:10An XML external entity (XXE) injection vulnerability was discovered in the Any23 StreamUtils.java file and is known to affect Any23 versions < 2.5. XML external entity injection (also known as XXE) is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to interfere with an application's processing of XML data. It often allows an attacker to view files on the application server filesystem, and to interact with any back-end or external systems that the application itself can access.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.any23:apache-any23"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38555"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-13T19:31:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-11T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An XML external entity (XXE) injection vulnerability was discovered in the Any23 StreamUtils.java file and is known to affect Any23 versions \u003c 2.5. XML external entity injection (also known as XXE) is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to interfere with an application\u0027s processing of XML data. It often allows an attacker to view files on the application server filesystem, and to interact with any back-end or external systems that the application itself can access.",
"id": "GHSA-838r-hvwh-24h8",
"modified": "2021-09-24T13:10:05Z",
"published": "2021-09-13T20:06:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38555"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/any23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r589d1a9f94dbeee7a0f5dbe8513a0e300dfe669bd964ba2fbfe28e07%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XML Injection in Any23"
}
GHSA-83J6-JP6R-WPQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:46IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 6.0, 6.1, and 6.2 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by an XML External Entity Injection (XXE) error when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose highly sensitive information or consume all available memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 122202.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-25T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM UrbanCode Deploy (UCD) 6.0, 6.1, and 6.2 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by an XML External Entity Injection (XXE) error when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose highly sensitive information or consume all available memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 122202.",
"id": "GHSA-83j6-jp6r-wpqh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:46:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:46:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg2C1000289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Many XML parsers and validators can be configured to disable external entity expansion.
CAPEC-221: Data Serialization External Entities Blowup
This attack takes advantage of the entity replacement property of certain data serialization languages (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) where the value of the replacement is a URI. A well-crafted file could have the entity refer to a URI that consumes a large amount of resources to create a denial of service condition. This can cause the system to either freeze, crash, or execute arbitrary code depending on the URI.