CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3GJH-276X-542V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30A vulnerability in the implementation of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 single sign-on (SSO) for remote access VPN in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to intercept the SAML assertion of a user who is authenticating to a remote access VPN session. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the login URL. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to access a site that is under the control of the attacker, allowing the attacker to modify the login URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to intercept a successful SAML assertion and use that assertion to establish a remote access VPN session toward the affected device with the identity and permissions of the hijacked user, resulting in access to the protected network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the implementation of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 single sign-on (SSO) for remote access VPN in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to intercept the SAML assertion of a user who is authenticating to a remote access VPN session. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the login URL. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to access a site that is under the control of the attacker, allowing the attacker to modify the login URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to intercept a successful SAML assertion and use that assertion to establish a remote access VPN session toward the affected device with the identity and permissions of the hijacked user, resulting in access to the protected network.",
"id": "GHSA-3gjh-276x-542v",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-asaftd-saml-hijack-ttuQfyz"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GQ8-8FWH-FC7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34When closed or sent to the background, Firefox for Android would not properly record and persist HSTS settings.
Note: This issue only affected Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 100.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When closed or sent to the background, Firefox for Android would not properly record and persist HSTS settings.\u003cbr\u003e*Note: This issue only affected Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 100.",
"id": "GHSA-3gq8-8fwh-fc7q",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:08Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1757138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GRM-JXF7-FMFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-28 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30An open redirect vulnerability exposes OpenCATS to template injection due to improper validation of user-supplied GET parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exposes OpenCATS to template injection due to improper validation of user-supplied GET parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-3grm-jxf7-fmfq",
"modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-02-28T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2023-8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GV3-RGPH-2CGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-27 18:32ModStartCMS v8.8.0 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability in the redirect parameter at /admin/login. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-27T15:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ModStartCMS v8.8.0 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability in the redirect parameter at /admin/login. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-3gv3-rgph-2cgp",
"modified": "2024-09-27T18:32:25Z",
"published": "2024-09-27T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/whiteshark2k/ModStartCMS-OpenRedirect/blob/main/ModStartCMS-OpenRedirect.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H67-J53J-M22P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-23 21:36 – Updated: 2025-07-23 21:36A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-23T20:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.",
"id": "GHSA-3h67-j53j-m22p",
"modified": "2025-07-23T21:36:46Z",
"published": "2025-07-23T21:36:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/12XY2WFBvGJ104gUvyG6YDIEdy4y1gl8i/view"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Suuuuuzy/609c7b2e74a8cc16c8e0302a100b86e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://suuuuuzy.github.io/mostly-harmless/pinokio_poc/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HMG-XVX8-WWJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-26 12:30 – Updated: 2025-05-26 12:30A vulnerability was found in Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform up to 1.0.1 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Header Handler. The manipulation of the argument Host leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-26T12:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform up to 1.0.1 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Header Handler. The manipulation of the argument Host leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.0.2 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-3hmg-xvx8-wwj4",
"modified": "2025-05-26T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-05-26T12:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://summerpearlgroup.gr/spgpm/releases"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310271"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3HMW-8MW3-RMPJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 21:41 – Updated: 2026-01-28 21:41Summary
An unvalidated redirect (open redirect) vulnerability exists in NocoDB’s login flow due to missing validation of the continueAfterSignIn parameter.
During authentication, NocoDB processes a user-controlled redirect value and conditionally performs client-side navigation without enforcing any restrictions on the destination’s origin, domain or protocol. This allows attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external websites after login.
Root Cause
The redirect logic relies on a permissive URL check that treats any absolute or protocol-relative URL as safe, and performs navigation without applying an allowlist or origin validation.
In the redirect plugin:
- The helper function
isFullUrluses the following regular expression:
ts
/^(https?:)?\/\//
This pattern matches any HTTP(S) URL as well as protocol-relative URLs (e.g., //evil.example), without restricting allowed domains.
- When the
continueAfterSignInquery parameter matches this pattern, the application performs an unconditional external navigation:
ts
navigateTo(route.value.query.continueAfterSignIn as string, {
external: isFullUrl(...)
})
Attack Scenario
An attacker can exploit this issue through a phishing attack:
- The attacker crafts a malicious login URL containing a controlled redirect target, for example:
https://victim-nocodb.example/#/signin?continueAfterSignIn=https://evil-phishing.com/fake-login
2. The victim clicks the link and is presented with the legitimate NocoDB login page.
3. The victim authenticates using valid credentials.
4. After login, NocoDB automatically redirects the victim to the attacker-controlled external site.
5. The attacker’s site displays a fake error message and prompts the victim to re-enter credentials.
6. The victim unknowingly submits credentials to the attacker.
Impact
This vulnerability enables phishing attacks by leveraging user trust in the legitimate NocoDB login flow. While it does not directly expose credentials or bypass authentication, it increases the likelihood of credential theft through social engineering.
The issue does not allow arbitrary code execution or privilege escalation, but it undermines authentication integrity.
Credit
This issue was discovered by an AI agent developed by the GitHub Security Lab and reviewed by GHSL team members @p- (Peter Stöckli) and @m-y-mo (Man Yue Mo).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nocodb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.301.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24768"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-28T21:41:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T21:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAn **unvalidated redirect (open redirect)** vulnerability exists in NocoDB\u2019s login flow due to missing validation of the `continueAfterSignIn` parameter.\n\nDuring authentication, NocoDB processes a user-controlled redirect value and conditionally performs client-side navigation without enforcing any restrictions on the destination\u2019s origin, domain or protocol. This allows attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external websites after login.\n\n### Root Cause\n\nThe redirect logic relies on a permissive URL check that treats any absolute or protocol-relative URL as safe, and performs navigation without applying an allowlist or origin validation.\n\nIn the redirect plugin:\n\n* The helper function `isFullUrl` uses the following regular expression:\n\n ```ts\n /^(https?:)?\\/\\//\n ```\n\n This pattern matches any HTTP(S) URL as well as protocol-relative URLs (e.g., `//evil.example`), without restricting allowed domains.\n\n* When the `continueAfterSignIn` query parameter matches this pattern, the application performs an unconditional external navigation:\n\n ```ts\n navigateTo(route.value.query.continueAfterSignIn as string, {\n external: isFullUrl(...)\n })\n ```\n\n### Attack Scenario\n\nAn attacker can exploit this issue through a phishing attack:\n\n1. The attacker crafts a malicious login URL containing a controlled redirect target, for example:\n\n ```\n https://victim-nocodb.example/#/signin?continueAfterSignIn=https://evil-phishing.com/fake-login\n ```\n2. The victim clicks the link and is presented with the legitimate NocoDB login page.\n3. The victim authenticates using valid credentials.\n4. After login, NocoDB automatically redirects the victim to the attacker-controlled external site.\n5. The attacker\u2019s site displays a fake error message and prompts the victim to re-enter credentials.\n6. The victim unknowingly submits credentials to the attacker.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis vulnerability enables **phishing attacks** by leveraging user trust in the legitimate NocoDB login flow. While it does not directly expose credentials or bypass authentication, it increases the likelihood of credential theft through social engineering.\n\nThe issue does not allow arbitrary code execution or privilege escalation, but it undermines authentication integrity.\n\n### Credit\n\nThis issue was discovered by an AI agent developed by the GitHub Security Lab and reviewed by GHSL team members [@p- (Peter St\u00f6ckli)](https://github.com/p-) and [@m-y-mo (Man Yue Mo)](https://github.com/m-y-mo).",
"id": "GHSA-3hmw-8mw3-rmpj",
"modified": "2026-01-28T21:41:10Z",
"published": "2026-01-28T21:41:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/security/advisories/GHSA-3hmw-8mw3-rmpj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24768"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "NocoDB has Unvalidated Redirect in Login Flow via continueAfterSignIn Parameter"
}
GHSA-3J5W-W68R-5FX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Michael Uno (miunosoft) Responsive Column Widgets.This issue affects Responsive Column Widgets: from n/a through 1.2.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45762"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T13:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Michael Uno (miunosoft) Responsive Column Widgets.This issue affects Responsive Column Widgets: from n/a through 1.2.7.",
"id": "GHSA-3j5w-w68r-5fx9",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:18Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/responsive-column-widgets/wordpress-responsive-column-widgets-plugin-1-2-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3JP4-MHH4-GCGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 01:06 – Updated: 2026-04-14 01:06Summary
The SAML authentication success handler in Kimai returns the RelayState POST parameter as a redirect destination without validating the host or scheme. After a user successfully authenticates via SAML, they are redirected to an attacker-controlled URL if the IdP includes a malicious RelayState value. This enables phishing attacks that steal credentials or session tokens post-SSO.
Requires SAML to be enabled (non-default configuration).
Details
Vulnerable file: src/Saml/Security/SamlAuthenticationSuccessHandler.php
// Line 27-33
$relayState = $request->request->get('RelayState', $request->query->get('RelayState'));
if (\is_scalar($relayState)) {
$relayState = (string) $relayState;
if ($relayState !== $this->httpUtils->generateUri($request, (string) $this->options['login_path'])) {
return $relayState; // No host/scheme validation — any URL accepted
}
}
The only check is that RelayState does not equal the configured login_path. Any external URL (e.g., https://attacker.com) passes this check and is returned as the redirect destination.
The existing unit test SamlAuthenticationSuccessHandlerTest::testRelayState() confirms this behavior — an absolute URL in RelayState results in a redirect to that URL with no restriction.
Steps to Reproduce
1. Enable SAML authentication in Kimai
2. Configure a SAML IdP (e.g., SimpleSAMLphp)
3. Initiate IdP-initiated SSO with RelayState=https://attacker.com
— or intercept the ACS POST and modify RelayState to https://attacker.com
4. Complete SAML authentication at the IdP
5. Observe: after the SAMLResponse POST to /saml/acs, Kimai issues:
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://attacker.com
Code-confirmed via unit test (testRelayState): onAuthenticationSuccess with RelayState=http://localhost/relayed redirects directly to that URL. External URLs follow the same code path.
Impact
While this bug exists it has low practical possibilities and the attacker needs to be able to create a SAML request, meaning either admin access to an IdP supporting such an action OR access to the private SAML keys / certificates.
In other words: only exploitable in IdP-initiated SSO flows where the IdP includes a RelayState value supplied by the attacker (e.g., via a malicious link to the IdP).
Fix
The RelayState is validated before redirecting, see #5878
- It may not contain a host or port and cannot start with
//. - If it contains a host, it must match the current host.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.52.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "kimai/kimai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.53.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T01:06:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe SAML authentication success handler in Kimai returns the `RelayState` POST parameter as a redirect destination without validating the host or scheme. After a user successfully authenticates via SAML, they are redirected to an attacker-controlled URL if the IdP includes a malicious `RelayState` value. This enables phishing attacks that steal credentials or session tokens post-SSO.\n\n*Requires SAML to be enabled (non-default configuration).*\n\n### Details\n\nVulnerable file: `src/Saml/Security/SamlAuthenticationSuccessHandler.php`\n\n```php\n// Line 27-33\n$relayState = $request-\u003erequest-\u003eget(\u0027RelayState\u0027, $request-\u003equery-\u003eget(\u0027RelayState\u0027));\nif (\\is_scalar($relayState)) {\n $relayState = (string) $relayState;\n if ($relayState !== $this-\u003ehttpUtils-\u003egenerateUri($request, (string) $this-\u003eoptions[\u0027login_path\u0027])) {\n return $relayState; // No host/scheme validation \u2014 any URL accepted\n }\n}\n```\n\nThe only check is that `RelayState` does not equal the configured `login_path`. Any external URL (e.g., `https://attacker.com`) passes this check and is returned as the redirect destination.\n\nThe existing unit test `SamlAuthenticationSuccessHandlerTest::testRelayState()` confirms this behavior \u2014 an absolute URL in `RelayState` results in a redirect to that URL with no restriction.\n\n### Steps to Reproduce\n\n```\n1. Enable SAML authentication in Kimai\n2. Configure a SAML IdP (e.g., SimpleSAMLphp)\n3. Initiate IdP-initiated SSO with RelayState=https://attacker.com\n \u2014 or intercept the ACS POST and modify RelayState to https://attacker.com\n4. Complete SAML authentication at the IdP\n5. Observe: after the SAMLResponse POST to /saml/acs, Kimai issues:\n HTTP/1.1 302 Found\n Location: https://attacker.com\n```\n\nCode-confirmed via unit test (`testRelayState`): `onAuthenticationSuccess` with `RelayState=http://localhost/relayed` redirects directly to that URL. External URLs follow the same code path.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhile this bug exists it has low practical possibilities and the attacker needs to be able to create a SAML request, meaning either admin access to an IdP supporting such an action OR access to the private SAML keys / certificates.\n\nIn other words: only exploitable in IdP-initiated SSO flows where the IdP includes a `RelayState` value supplied by the attacker (e.g., via a malicious link to the IdP).\n\n### Fix\n\nThe `RelayState` is validated before redirecting, see #5878\n\n- It may not contain a host or port and cannot start with `//`. \n- If it contains a host, it must match the current host.",
"id": "GHSA-3jp4-mhh4-gcgr",
"modified": "2026-04-14T01:06:06Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T01:06:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisories/GHSA-3jp4-mhh4-gcgr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kimai/kimai/pull/5878"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kimai/kimai"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Kimai has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated RelayState in SAML ACS Handler"
}
GHSA-3JRG-H4X2-422G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04Open Redirect in Z-BlogPHP v1.5.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via the "redirect" parameter in the component "zb_system/cmd.php."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-18268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-07T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect in Z-BlogPHP v1.5.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via the \"redirect\" parameter in the component \"zb_system/cmd.php.\"",
"id": "GHSA-3jrg-h4x2-422g",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-18268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zblogcn/zblogphp/issues/209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zblogcn/zblogphp/issues/216"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.