Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-21641 (GCVE-0-2024-21641)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-05 21:02 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Flarum's Logout Route allows open redirects
Summary
Flarum is open source discussion platform software. Prior to version 1.8.5, the Flarum `/logout` route includes a redirect parameter that allows any third party to redirect users from a (trusted) domain of the Flarum installation to redirect to any link. For logged-in users, the logout must be confirmed. Guests are immediately redirected. This could be used by spammers to redirect to a web address using a trusted domain of a running Flarum installation. The vulnerability has been fixed and published as flarum/core v1.8.5. As a workaround, some extensions modifying the logout route can remedy this issue if their implementation is safe.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flarum/framework/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flarum/flarum-core/commit/ee8b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flarum/framework/commit/7d7032… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-20400 (GCVE-0-2024-20400)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 16:29 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Expressway Series could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.
Note: Cisco Expressway Series refers to Cisco Expressway Control (Expressway-C) devices and Cisco Expressway Edge (Expressway-E) devices.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) Expressway |
Affected:
X8.5.1
Affected: X8.5.3 Affected: X8.5 Affected: X8.6.1 Affected: X8.6 Affected: X8.1.1 Affected: X8.1.2 Affected: X8.1 Affected: X8.2.1 Affected: X8.2.2 Affected: X8.2 Affected: X8.7.1 Affected: X8.7.2 Affected: X8.7.3 Affected: X8.7 Affected: X8.8.1 Affected: X8.8.2 Affected: X8.8.3 Affected: X8.8 Affected: X8.9.1 Affected: X8.9.2 Affected: X8.9 Affected: X8.10.0 Affected: X8.10.1 Affected: X8.10.2 Affected: X8.10.3 Affected: X8.10.4 Affected: X12.5.8 Affected: X12.5.9 Affected: X12.5.0 Affected: X12.5.2 Affected: X12.5.7 Affected: X12.5.3 Affected: X12.5.4 Affected: X12.5.5 Affected: X12.5.1 Affected: X12.5.6 Affected: X12.6.0 Affected: X12.6.1 Affected: X12.6.2 Affected: X12.6.3 Affected: X12.6.4 Affected: X12.7.0 Affected: X12.7.1 Affected: X8.11.1 Affected: X8.11.2 Affected: X8.11.4 Affected: X8.11.3 Affected: X8.11.0 Affected: X14.0.1 Affected: X14.0.3 Affected: X14.0.2 Affected: X14.0.4 Affected: X14.0.5 Affected: X14.0.6 Affected: X14.0.7 Affected: X14.0.8 Affected: X14.0.9 Affected: X14.0.10 Affected: X14.0.11 Affected: X14.2.1 Affected: X14.2.2 Affected: X14.2.5 Affected: X14.2.6 Affected: X14.2.0 Affected: X14.2.7 Affected: X14.3.0 Affected: X14.3.1 Affected: X14.3.2 Affected: X14.3.3 Affected: X14.3.4 Affected: X14.3.5 Affected: X15.0.0 Affected: X15.0.1 |
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"version": "X14.2.1"
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"version": "X14.2.2"
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CVE-2024-20369 (GCVE-0-2024-20369)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-15 17:23 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Crosswork Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of a parameter in an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Network Services Orchestrator |
Affected:
5.4
Affected: 5.5 Affected: 5.6 Affected: 5.7 Affected: 5.8 Affected: 5.1.1.1 Affected: 5.1.1.3 Affected: 5.1.2 Affected: 5.2.0.4 Affected: 5.2.1 Affected: 5.2.1.1 Affected: 5.2.3.2 Affected: 5.3.1 Affected: 5.3.4.3 Affected: 5.4.0.1 Affected: 5.4.1 Affected: 5.4.1.1 Affected: 5.4.2 Affected: 5.4.3.1 Affected: 5.4.4.1 Affected: 5.4.4 Affected: 5.4.4.3 Affected: 5.4.3.3 Affected: 5.4.5.1 Affected: 5.4.5.2 Affected: 5.4.5 Affected: 5.4.6 Affected: 5.4.7 Affected: 5.4.7.1 Affected: 5.5.1 Affected: 5.5.2 Affected: 5.5.2.1 Affected: 5.5.2.3 Affected: 5.5.2.4 Affected: 5.5.2.9 Affected: 5.5.2.10 Affected: 5.5.3 Affected: 5.5.2.7 Affected: 5.5.2.12 Affected: 5.5.4.1 Affected: 5.5.3.1 Affected: 5.5.5 Affected: 5.5.6 Affected: 5.5.7 Affected: 5.5.8 Affected: 5.6.1 Affected: 5.6.3 Affected: 5.6.2 Affected: 5.6.5 Affected: 5.6.6 Affected: 5.6.6.1 Affected: 5.6.7 Affected: 5.6.7.1 Affected: 5.6.8 Affected: 5.6.8.1 Affected: 5.6.11 Affected: 5.6.13 Affected: 5.6.14 Affected: 5.6.14.1 Affected: 5.7.1.1 Affected: 5.7.1 Affected: 5.7.2 Affected: 5.7.2.1 Affected: 5.7.3 Affected: 5.7.4 Affected: 5.7.5 Affected: 5.7.5.1 Affected: 5.7.6 Affected: 5.7.6.2 Affected: 5.7.8 Affected: 5.7.10 Affected: 5.7.10.2 Affected: 5.7.11 Affected: 5.7.13 Affected: 5.7.14 Affected: 5.7.9 Affected: 5.7.9.1 Affected: 5.8.1 Affected: 5.8.2 Affected: 5.8.2.1 Affected: 5.8.5 Affected: 5.8.10 Affected: 5.8.11 Affected: 5.8.9 Affected: 6.1 Affected: 6.2 Affected: 6.0.1.1 Affected: 6.0.10 Affected: 6.0.5 Affected: 6.0.8 Affected: 6.1.2.1 Affected: 6.1.5 Affected: 6.1.6 |
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CVE-2024-13888 (GCVE-0-2024-13888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-20 08:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WPMobile.App <= 11.56 - Open Redirect via 'redirect' Parameter
Summary
The WPMobile.App plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 11.56. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect URL supplied via the 'redirect' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| amauric | WPMobile.App |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 11.56
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12990 (GCVE-0-2024-12990)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 18:00 – Updated: 2024-12-27 18:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ruifang-tech Rebuild Admin Verification Page admin-verify redirect
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ruifang-tech Rebuild 3.8.6. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part of the file /user/admin-verify of the component Admin Verification Page. The manipulation of the argument nexturl with the input http://localhost/evil.html leads to open redirect. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.289383 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.289383 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.464029 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cydtseng/Vulnerability-Researc… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ruifang-tech | Rebuild |
Affected:
3.8.6
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-12924 (GCVE-0-2024-12924)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-01 12:33 – Updated: 2026-06-01 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Open Redirect in Akinsoft's QR Menu
Summary
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing.
This issue affects QR Menü: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0202 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2024-12561 (GCVE-0-2024-12561)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 09:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools <= 2.0.0 - Open Redirect
Summary
The Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'afflink' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wecantrack | Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-11955 (GCVE-0-2024-11955)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-25 15:07 – Updated: 2025-02-25 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GLPI index.php redirect
Summary
A vulnerability was found in GLPI up to 10.0.17. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /index.php. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 10.0.18 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.296809 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.296809 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.451775 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/security/adv… | related |
| https://github.com/glpi-project/glpi/releases/tag… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | GLPI |
Affected:
10.0.0
Affected: 10.0.1 Affected: 10.0.2 Affected: 10.0.3 Affected: 10.0.4 Affected: 10.0.5 Affected: 10.0.6 Affected: 10.0.7 Affected: 10.0.8 Affected: 10.0.9 Affected: 10.0.10 Affected: 10.0.11 Affected: 10.0.12 Affected: 10.0.13 Affected: 10.0.14 Affected: 10.0.15 Affected: 10.0.16 Affected: 10.0.17 |
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CVE-2024-11274 (GCVE-0-2024-11274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-12 12:02 – Updated: 2024-12-12 15:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in GitLab
Summary
An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.1 prior to 17.4.6, starting from 17.5 prior to 17.5.4, and starting from 17.6 prior to 17.6.2, injection of NEL headers in k8s proxy response could lead to session data exfiltration.
Severity
8.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/504707 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2813673 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2024-11207 (GCVE-0-2024-11207)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-14 12:31 – Updated: 2024-11-14 19:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apereo CAS login redirect
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Apereo CAS 6.6 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /login. The manipulation of the argument redirect_uri leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.284521 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.284521 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.437207 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/0xArthurSouza/68295d8fa20… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:apereo:cas:6.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "cas",
"vendor": "apereo",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2024-11207",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-11-14T18:46:20.660109Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T19:32:28.671Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "CAS",
"vendor": "Apereo",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.6"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Arthur Souza (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in Apereo CAS 6.6 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /login. The manipulation of the argument redirect_uri leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "In Apereo CAS 6.6 wurde eine Schwachstelle gefunden. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Das betrifft eine unbekannte Funktionalit\u00e4t der Datei /login. Mittels Manipulieren des Arguments redirect_uri mit unbekannten Daten kann eine open redirect-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk angegangen werden. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-601",
"description": "Open Redirect",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T12:31:04.225Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-284521 | Apereo CAS login redirect",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.284521"
},
{
"name": "VDB-284521 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.284521"
},
{
"name": "Submit #437207 | Apereo CAS 6.6 Open Redirect",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.437207"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://gist.github.com/0xArthurSouza/68295d8fa20f18161945260fcdf842a2"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-11-14T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-11-14T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-11-14T07:58:24.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Apereo CAS login redirect"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-11207",
"datePublished": "2024-11-14T12:31:04.225Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-11-14T06:53:11.652Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T19:32:28.671Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.