CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2422 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WV5J-J74P-FV28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06An issue was discovered in ProxyServlet.java in the /proxy servlet in Zimbra Collaboration Suite 8.8 before 8.8.15 Patch 23 and 9.x before 9.0.0 Patch 16. The value of the X-Host header overwrites the value of the Host header in proxied requests. The value of X-Host header is not checked against the whitelist of hosts Zimbra is allowed to proxy to (the zimbraProxyAllowedDomains setting).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35209"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-02T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ProxyServlet.java in the /proxy servlet in Zimbra Collaboration Suite 8.8 before 8.8.15 Patch 23 and 9.x before 9.0.0 Patch 16. The value of the X-Host header overwrites the value of the Host header in proxied requests. The value of X-Host header is not checked against the whitelist of hosts Zimbra is allowed to proxy to (the zimbraProxyAllowedDomains setting).",
"id": "GHSA-wv5j-j74p-fv28",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.sonarsource.com/zimbra-webmail-compromise-via-email"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Releases/8.8.15/P23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Releases/9.0.0/P16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WWRM-8947-4M6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:56 – Updated: 2023-08-29 21:31Open redirect vulnerability in the Form API in Drupal 7.x before 7.13 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via crafted parameters in a destination URL.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-29T21:31:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2012-05-18T20:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in the Form API in Drupal 7.x before 7.13 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via crafted parameters in a destination URL.",
"id": "GHSA-wwrm-8947-4m6c",
"modified": "2023-08-29T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:56:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035905/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150523060428/http://www.mandriva.com/en/support/security/advisories/advisory/MDVSA-2013:074/?name=MDVSA-2013:074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://drupal.org/node/1557938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN45898075/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2012-000045"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Drupal Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-WWVV-R6Q6-282Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:50The nd-booking plugin before 2.5 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15774"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-29T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The nd-booking plugin before 2.5 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.",
"id": "GHSA-wwvv-r6q6-282q",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:50:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15774"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://threatpost.com/wordpress-plugins-exploited-in-ongoing-attack-researchers-warn/147671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/nd-booking/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9494"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXFG-253G-M7R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 21:01 – Updated: 2024-05-15 21:01Drupal 7 has an Open Redirect vulnerability. For example, a user could be tricked into visiting a specially crafted link which would redirect them to an arbitrary external URL.
The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the destination query parameter in the drupal_goto() function.
Other versions of Drupal core are not vulnerable.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.70"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T21:01:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Drupal 7 has an Open Redirect vulnerability. For example, a user could be tricked into visiting a specially crafted link which would redirect them to an arbitrary external URL.\n\nThe vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the destination query parameter in the drupal_goto() function.\n\nOther versions of Drupal core are not vulnerable.",
"id": "GHSA-wxfg-253g-m7r4",
"modified": "2024-05-15T21:01:39Z",
"published": "2024-05-15T21:01:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/2020-05-20-1.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/drupal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2020-003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": " Drupal core Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-WXM9-C4V7-5X34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-15 18:31A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unity Connection could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T17:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unity Connection could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.",
"id": "GHSA-wxm9-c4v7-5x34",
"modified": "2026-04-15T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-unity-vulns-n2EJSbbw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXV3-WWGP-8547
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-17 12:30 – Updated: 2023-11-17 12:30An open redirect vulnerability in ePolicy Orchestrator prior to 5.10.0 CP1 Update 2, allows a remote low privileged user to modify the URL parameter for the purpose of redirecting URL request(s) to a malicious site. This impacts the dashboard area of the user interface. A user would need to be logged into ePO to trigger this vulnerability. To exploit this the attacker must change the HTTP payload post submission, prior to it reaching the ePO server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-17T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nAn open redirect vulnerability in ePolicy Orchestrator prior to 5.10.0 CP1 Update 2, allows a remote low privileged user to modify the URL parameter for the purpose of redirecting URL request(s) to a malicious site. This impacts the dashboard area of the user interface. A user would need to be logged into ePO to trigger this vulnerability. To exploit this the attacker must change the HTTP payload post submission, prior to it reaching the ePO server.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-wxv3-wwgp-8547",
"modified": "2023-11-17T12:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-11-17T12:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kcm.trellix.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10410"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X22R-XGR5-23HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-04 21:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 18:31URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Microchip TimeProvider 4100 allows XSS Through HTTP Headers.This issue affects TimeProvider 4100: from 1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43683"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-04T20:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Microchip TimeProvider 4100 allows XSS Through HTTP Headers.This issue affects TimeProvider 4100: from 1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-x22r-xgr5-23hh",
"modified": "2024-11-01T18:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-10-04T21:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43683"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gruppotim.it/it/footer/red-team.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.microchip.com/en-us/solutions/technologies/embedded-security/how-to-report-potential-product-security-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.microchip.com/en-us/solutions/technologies/embedded-security/how-to-report-potential-product-security-vulnerabilities/timeprovider-4100-grandmaster-improper-verification-of-host-header"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2PR-G8VF-QFCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 18:31The Aqara IAM/SSO Gateway (gw-builder.aqara.com) provides an open redirect, which is an instance of "CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site," with an estimated CVSS of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N (6.1 Medium), which can be used to set up a phishing attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T16:16:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Aqara IAM/SSO Gateway (gw-builder.aqara.com) provides an open redirect, which is an instance of \"CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site,\" with an estimated CVSS of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N (6.1 Medium), which can be used to set up a phishing attack.",
"id": "GHSA-x2pr-g8vf-qfcp",
"modified": "2026-06-12T18:31:59Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T18:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xn0tsa/theres-no-place-like-home"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.runzero.com/advisories/aqara-sso-open-redirect-cve-2026-50089"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2QF-6HHQ-FFRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:31The NetIQ Identity Manager user console, in versions prior to 4.7, is susceptible to URL redirection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-28T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The NetIQ Identity Manager user console, in versions prior to 4.7, is susceptible to URL redirection.",
"id": "GHSA-x2qf-6hhq-ffrm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:31:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netiq.com/documentation/identity-manager-47/releasenotes_idm47/data/releasenotes_idm47.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2R2-RVHQ-2MQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-12 16:17Spring Security's CookieRequestCache and CookieServerRequestCache store the pre-authentication request URL in a browser cookie so that users can be redirected back to their intended destination after a successful login. In affected versions, the full absolute URL is stored in the cookie and is used without validation as the post-login redirect target.
Affected versions: Spring Security 5.7.0 through 5.7.23; 5.8.0 through 5.8.25; 6.3.0 through 6.3.16; 6.4.0 through 6.4.16; 6.5.0 through 6.5.10; 7.0.0 through 7.0.5.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.10"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.3.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "6.3.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.8.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.8.25"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "5.7.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-12T16:17:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T00:16:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Spring Security\u0027s CookieRequestCache and CookieServerRequestCache store the pre-authentication request URL in a browser cookie so that users can be redirected back to their intended destination after a successful login. In affected versions, the full absolute URL is stored in the cookie and is used without validation as the post-login redirect target.\n\nAffected versions:\nSpring Security 5.7.0 through 5.7.23; 5.8.0 through 5.8.25; 6.3.0 through 6.3.16; 6.4.0 through 6.4.16; 6.5.0 through 6.5.10; 7.0.0 through 7.0.5.",
"id": "GHSA-x2r2-rvhq-2mqv",
"modified": "2026-08-12T16:17:14Z",
"published": "2026-06-10T00:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41706"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security/releases/tag/6.5.11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security/releases/tag/7.0.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41706"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Spring Security: Open Redirect via Unvalidated Post-Login Redirect URL Stored in CookieRequestCache"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.