CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2310 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HC34-FF73-68V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-22 00:00The Page Builder KingComposer WordPress plugin through 2.9.6 does not validate the id parameter before redirecting the user to it via the kc_get_thumbn AJAX action available to both unauthenticated and authenticated users
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0165"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Page Builder KingComposer WordPress plugin through 2.9.6 does not validate the id parameter before redirecting the user to it via the kc_get_thumbn AJAX action available to both unauthenticated and authenticated users",
"id": "GHSA-hc34-ff73-68v9",
"modified": "2022-03-22T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-03-15T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/906d0c31-370e-46b4-af1f-e52fbddd00cb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HC74-9VJM-C9XV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-28 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-05 21:56An authenticated attacker with update datasets permission could change a dataset link to an untrusted site by spoofing the HTTP Host header, users could be redirected to this site when clicking on that specific dataset. This issue affects Apache Superset versions before 3.0.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "apache-superset"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42502"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-28T23:29:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-28T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authenticated attacker with update datasets permission could change a dataset link to an untrusted site by spoofing the HTTP Host header, users could be redirected to this site when clicking on that specific dataset. This issue affects Apache Superset versions before 3.0.0.\n",
"id": "GHSA-hc74-9vjm-c9xv",
"modified": "2023-12-05T21:56:34Z",
"published": "2023-11-28T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42502"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/superset"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/n8348f194d8o8mln3oxd0s8jdl5bxbmn"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/28/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Superset Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-HCW2-V6GC-XMM9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:45 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:36Vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Framework component of Oracle E-Business Suite (subcomponent: Popup windows (lists of values, datepicker, etc.)). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.3, 12.2.3, 12.2.4, 12.2.5 and 12.2.6. Easily "exploitable" vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Applications Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Applications Framework, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Applications Framework accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 4.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-3528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-24T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Applications Framework component of Oracle E-Business Suite (subcomponent: Popup windows (lists of values, datepicker, etc.)). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.3, 12.2.3, 12.2.4, 12.2.5 and 12.2.6. Easily \"exploitable\" vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Applications Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Applications Framework, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Applications Framework accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 4.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-hcw2-v6gc-xmm9",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:36:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:45:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2017-3236618.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038299"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HCWX-PHQF-JFMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06A vulnerability in the system Service Menu component of Avaya Aura Experience Portal may allow URL Redirection to any untrusted site through a crafted attack. Affected versions include 7.0 through 7.2.3 (without hotfix) and 8.0.0 (without hotfix).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25655"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-24T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the system Service Menu component of Avaya Aura Experience Portal may allow URL Redirection to any untrusted site through a crafted attack. Affected versions include 7.0 through 7.2.3 (without hotfix) and 8.0.0 (without hotfix).",
"id": "GHSA-hcwx-phqf-jfmw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://downloads.avaya.com/css/P8/documents/101076234"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HF26-M66J-9R32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06The component /php-fusion/infusions/shoutbox_panel/shoutbox_archive.php in PHP-Fusion 9.03.60 allows attackers to redirect victim users to malicious websites via a crafted payload entered into the Shoutbox message panel.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-02T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The component /php-fusion/infusions/shoutbox_panel/shoutbox_archive.php in PHP-Fusion 9.03.60 allows attackers to redirect victim users to malicious websites via a crafted payload entered into the Shoutbox message panel.",
"id": "GHSA-hf26-m66j-9r32",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/phpfusion/PHPFusion/issues/2329"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HF55-G8PM-MM27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-16 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-09 21:31Open redirection vulnerability in IceWarp Mail Server affecting version 11.4.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect a user to any domain by sending a malicious URL to the victim, for example “ https://icewarp.domain.com///%2e%2e” https://icewarp.domain.com///%2e%2e” . This vulnerability has been tested in Firefox.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-40630"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-16T11:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirection vulnerability in IceWarp Mail Server affecting version 11.4.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect a user to any domain by sending a malicious URL to the victim, for example \u201c https://icewarp.domain.com//\u003cMALICIOUS_DOMAIN\u003e/%2e%2e\u201d https://icewarp.domain.com///%2e%2e\u201d . This vulnerability has been tested in Firefox.",
"id": "GHSA-hf55-g8pm-mm27",
"modified": "2025-10-09T21:31:08Z",
"published": "2025-05-16T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-icewarp-mail-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HF6Q-RX44-FH6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-07 03:30 – Updated: 2025-04-23 18:30{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45917"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-07T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ILIAS before 7.16 has an Open Redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-hf6q-rx44-fh6j",
"modified": "2025-04-23T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-12-07T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/multiple-critical-vulnerabilities-in-ilias-elearning-platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/170181/ILIAS-eLearning-7.15-Command-Injection-XSS-LFI-Open-Redirect.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HFF5-RPFP-7HC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 03:31Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator.This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Administrator: from 10.2.0 before 11.0.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1166"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T03:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator.This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Administrator: from 10.2.0 before 11.0.8.",
"id": "GHSA-hff5-rpfp-7hc7",
"modified": "2026-03-25T03:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T03:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1166"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hitachi.com/products/it/software/security/info/vuls/hitachi-sec-2026-113/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HFJ7-542Q-8FVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-17 19:40 – Updated: 2025-07-17 19:40Summary
An attacker can forge a request to redirect an authenticated user to any arbitrary website.
Details
On the login page, we have a redirect field which is the location where the server will redirect the user. This URI is not verified, and can be an arbitrary URI.
Paired with a parameter pollution, we can hide our malicious URI (ex: https://dns.com/?param1=im_hidden_if_theres_lot_of_args?param1=bbb).
PoC
https://diracx-cert.app.cern.ch/auth?redirect=https://ipcim.com/en/where/?dsdsd=qsqsfsjfnsfniizaeiaapzqlalkqkaizqqijsjaopmqmxna?redirect=https://diracx-cert-app.cern.ch/auth
This POC can leak user's position.
Impact
This could be used for phishing and extracting new data (such as redirecting to a new "log in" page, and asking users to reenter credentials).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@dirac-grid/diracx-web-components"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.1.0-a8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-17T19:40:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-17T15:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAn attacker can forge a request to redirect an authenticated user to any arbitrary website.\n\n### Details\n\nOn the login page, we have a `redirect` field which is the location where the server will redirect the user. This URI is not verified, and can be an arbitrary URI.\n\nPaired with a parameter pollution, we can hide our malicious URI (ex: `https://dns.com/?param1=im_hidden_if_theres_lot_of_args?param1=bbb`).\n\n### PoC\n\nhttps://diracx-cert.app.cern.ch/auth?redirect=https://ipcim.com/en/where/?dsdsd=qsqsfsjfnsfniizaeiaapzqlalkqkaizqqijsjaopmqmxna?redirect=https://diracx-cert-app.cern.ch/auth\n\nThis POC can leak user\u0027s position.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis could be used for phishing and extracting new data (such as redirecting to a new \"log in\" page, and asking users to reenter credentials).",
"id": "GHSA-hfj7-542q-8fvv",
"modified": "2025-07-17T19:40:59Z",
"published": "2025-07-17T19:40:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DIRACGrid/diracx-web/security/advisories/GHSA-hfj7-542q-8fvv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DIRACGrid/diracx-web/commit/eba3b7bc4f9d394074215986e6d3c15b546b25d5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/DIRACGrid/diracx-web"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "DiracX-Web is vulnerable to attack through an Open Redirect on its login page"
}
GHSA-HG6G-FGR6-H93G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-09 00:00ApiFest OAuth 2.0 Server 0.3.1 does not validate the redirect URI in accordance with RFC 6749 and is susceptible to an open redirector attack. Specifically, it directly sends an authorization code to the redirect URI submitted with the authorization request, without checking whether the redirect URI is registered by the client who initiated the request. This allows an attacker to craft a request with a manipulated redirect URI (redirect_uri parameter), which is under the attacker's control, and consequently obtain the leaked authorization code when the server redirects the client to the manipulated redirect URI with an authorization code. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2019-3778.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26877"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-29T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ApiFest OAuth 2.0 Server 0.3.1 does not validate the redirect URI in accordance with RFC 6749 and is susceptible to an open redirector attack. Specifically, it directly sends an authorization code to the redirect URI submitted with the authorization request, without checking whether the redirect URI is registered by the client who initiated the request. This allows an attacker to craft a request with a manipulated redirect URI (redirect_uri parameter), which is under the attacker\u0027s control, and consequently obtain the leaked authorization code when the server redirects the client to the manipulated redirect URI with an authorization code. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2019-3778.",
"id": "GHSA-hg6g-fgr6-h93g",
"modified": "2022-07-09T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-06-30T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apifest/apifest-oauth20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-3.1.2.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.apifest.org/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.