Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5Q6M-32CQ-4F86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-27 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:24
VLAI
Details
Open Redirect vulnerability exists in IceWarp MailServer IceWarp Server Deep Castle 2 Update 1 (13.0.1.2) via the referer parameter.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-27T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability exists in IceWarp MailServer IceWarp Server Deep Castle 2 Update 1 (13.0.1.2) via the referer parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-5q6m-32cq-4f86",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:24:23Z",
"published": "2023-07-27T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40rohitgautam26/cve-2021-36580-69219798231c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@rohitgautam26/cve-2021-36580-69219798231c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://icewarp.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail.ziyan.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5Q99-F34M-67GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-17 16:31 – Updated: 2024-02-22 22:43
VLAI
Summary
Apache Tomcat Open Redirect vulnerability
Details
When the default servlet in Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.11, 8.5.0 to 8.5.33 and 7.0.23 to 7.0.90 returned a redirect to a directory (e.g. redirecting to '/foo/' when the user requested '/foo') a specially crafted URL could be used to cause the redirect to be generated to any URI of the attackers choice.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.34"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.23"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.91"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:17:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-04T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When the default servlet in Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.11, 8.5.0 to 8.5.33 and 7.0.23 to 7.0.90 returned a redirect to a directory (e.g. redirecting to \u0027/foo/\u0027 when the user requested \u0027/foo\u0027) a specially crafted URL could be used to cause the redirect to be generated to any URI of the attackers choice.",
"id": "GHSA-5q99-f34m-67gc",
"modified": "2024-02-22T22:43:50Z",
"published": "2018-10-17T16:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b76e1dfb3dec3789cc700f8d022c872eb947a221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/efb860b3ff8ebcf606199b8d0d432f76898040da"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/f9f147359b7c95511b64cd99bbc47917c01b3879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/raba0fabaf4d56d4325ab2aca8814f0b30a237ab83d8106b115ee279a@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/raba0fabaf4d56d4325ab2aca8814f0b30a237ab83d8106b115ee279a%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6ccee4e849bc77df0840c7f853f6bd09d426f6741247da2b7429d5d9@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6ccee4e849bc77df0840c7f853f6bd09d426f6741247da2b7429d5d9%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r48c1444845fe15a823e1374674bfc297d5008a5453788099ea14caf0@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r48c1444845fe15a823e1374674bfc297d5008a5453788099ea14caf0%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3bbb800a816d0a51eccc5a228c58736960a9fffafa581a225834d97d@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3bbb800a816d0a51eccc5a228c58736960a9fffafa581a225834d97d%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/eb6efa8d59c45a7a9eff94c4b925467d3b3fec8ba7697f3daa314b04@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/eb6efa8d59c45a7a9eff94c4b925467d3b3fec8ba7697f3daa314b04%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BZ4PX4B3QTKRM35VJAVIEOPZAF76RPBP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BZ4PX4B3QTKRM35VJAVIEOPZAF76RPBP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20181014-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3787-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200227030058/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2019-5072813.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1529"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5q99-f34m-67gc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1dd0a59c1295cc08ce4c9e7edae5ad2268acc9ba55adcefa0532e5ba%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1dd0a59c1295cc08ce4c9e7edae5ad2268acc9ba55adcefa0532e5ba@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/23134c9b5a23892a205dc140cdd8c9c0add233600f76b313dda6bd75%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/23134c9b5a23892a205dc140cdd8c9c0add233600f76b313dda6bd75@%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/343558d982879bf88ec20dbf707f8c11255f8e219e81d45c4f8d0551%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/343558d982879bf88ec20dbf707f8c11255f8e219e81d45c4f8d0551@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/5c0e00fd31efc11e147bf99d0f03c00a734447d3b131ab0818644cdb%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/5c0e00fd31efc11e147bf99d0f03c00a734447d3b131ab0818644cdb@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6af47120905aa7d8fe12f42e8ff2284fb338ba141d3b77b8c7cb61b3%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6af47120905aa7d8fe12f42e8ff2284fb338ba141d3b77b8c7cb61b3@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/845312a10aabbe2c499fca94003881d2c79fc993d85f34c1f5c77424%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/845312a10aabbe2c499fca94003881d2c79fc993d85f34c1f5c77424@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/88855876c33f2f9c532ffb75bfee570ccf0b17ffa77493745af9a17a%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/88855876c33f2f9c532ffb75bfee570ccf0b17ffa77493745af9a17a@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b5e3f51d28cd5d9b1809f56594f2cf63dcd6a90429e16ea9f83bbedc%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/b5e3f51d28cd5d9b1809f56594f2cf63dcd6a90429e16ea9f83bbedc@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/e85e83e9954f169bbb77b44baae5a33d8de878df557bb32b7f793661%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/e85e83e9954f169bbb77b44baae5a33d8de878df557bb32b7f793661@%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00056.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/163456/Apache-Tomcat-9.0.0M1-Open-Redirect.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Tomcat Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5QCM-X25V-F57J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04
VLAI
Details
Open redirect vulnerability in the Console in Puppet Enterprise before 2015.2.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the string parameter.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-6501"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T23:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in the Console in Puppet Enterprise before 2015.2.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the string parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-5qcm-x25v-f57j",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-6501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://puppet.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-6501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93845"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5R7W-PJX8-99QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 19:57 – Updated: 2023-08-07 20:32
VLAI
Summary
JBoss KeyCloak Open Redirect
Details
JBoss KeyCloak: Open redirect vulnerability via failure to validate the redirect URL.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.0.Beta1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-07T20:32:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-15T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "JBoss KeyCloak: Open redirect vulnerability via failure to validate the redirect URL.",
"id": "GHSA-5r7w-pjx8-99qg",
"modified": "2023-08-07T20:32:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T19:57:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/6b2a4229e3b869eec9d4adc30c1afdf71e78cbdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2014-3652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2014-3652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.jboss.org/browse/KEYCLOAK-700"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "JBoss KeyCloak Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-5V4W-HX2F-VXQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-28 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-28 03:30
VLAI
Details
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to a targeted application user being redirected to arbitrary web URLs. The vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to conduct phishing attacks that cause users to divulge sensitive information. Exploitation may allow for session theft.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-28T03:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to a targeted application user being redirected to arbitrary web URLs. The vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to conduct phishing attacks that cause users to divulge sensitive information. Exploitation may allow for session theft.",
"id": "GHSA-5v4w-hx2f-vxqm",
"modified": "2025-03-28T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-03-28T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000300090/dsa-2025-116-security-update-for-dell-unity-dell-unityvsa-and-dell-unity-xt-security-update-for-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5VHJ-65C8-9R9J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-17 00:31 – Updated: 2024-12-17 15:31
VLAI
Details
A URL redirection vulnerability exists in UJCMS 9.6.3 due to improper validation of URLs in the upload and rendering of new block / carousel items. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to redirect unprivileged users to an arbitrary, attacker-controlled webpage. When an authenticated user clicks on the malicious block item, they are redirected to the arbitrary untrusted domains, where sensitive tokens, such as JSON Web Tokens, can be stolen via a crafted webpage.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-16T23:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection vulnerability exists in UJCMS 9.6.3 due to improper validation of URLs in the upload and rendering of new block / carousel items. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to redirect unprivileged users to an arbitrary, attacker-controlled webpage. When an authenticated user clicks on the malicious block item, they are redirected to the arbitrary untrusted domains, where sensitive tokens, such as JSON Web Tokens, can be stolen via a crafted webpage.",
"id": "GHSA-5vhj-65c8-9r9j",
"modified": "2024-12-17T15:31:43Z",
"published": "2024-12-17T00:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cydtseng/Vulnerability-Research/blob/main/ujcms/OpenRedirect-BlockItemUpload.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dromara/ujcms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5VJ6-WJR7-5V9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 14:19 – Updated: 2025-06-27 14:19
VLAI
Summary
n8n allows open redirects via the /signin endpoint
Details
Impact
This is an Open Redirect (CWE-601) vulnerability in the login flow of n8n. Authenticated users can be redirected to untrusted, attacker-controlled domains after logging in, by crafting malicious URLs with a misleading redirect query parameter.
This may lead to:
- Phishing attacks by impersonating the n8n UI on lookalike domains (e.g., n8n.local.evil.com)
- Credential or 2FA theft if users are tricked into re-entering sensitive information
- Reputation risk due to the visual similarity between attacker-controlled domains and trusted ones
The vulnerability affects anyone hosting n8n and exposing the /signin endpoint to users.
Patches
The issue has been patched in 1.98.0. All users should upgrade to this version or later.
The fix introduces strict origin validation for redirect URLs, ensuring only same-origin or relative paths are allowed after login.
Patch commit: https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16034
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.97.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.98.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-27T14:19:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-26T20:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis is an Open Redirect (CWE-601) vulnerability in the login flow of n8n. Authenticated users can be redirected to untrusted, attacker-controlled domains after logging in, by crafting malicious URLs with a misleading redirect query parameter.\n\nThis may lead to:\n\n- Phishing attacks by impersonating the n8n UI on lookalike domains (e.g., n8n.local.evil.com)\n- Credential or 2FA theft if users are tricked into re-entering sensitive information\n- Reputation risk due to the visual similarity between attacker-controlled domains and trusted ones\n\nThe vulnerability affects anyone hosting n8n and exposing the `/signin` endpoint to users.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue has been patched in [1.98.0](https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%401.98.0).\nAll users should upgrade to this version or later.\n\nThe fix introduces strict origin validation for redirect URLs, ensuring only same-origin or relative paths are allowed after login.\n\nPatch commit: https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16034",
"id": "GHSA-5vj6-wjr7-5v9f",
"modified": "2025-06-27T14:19:02Z",
"published": "2025-06-27T14:19:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-5vj6-wjr7-5v9f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/16034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/4865d1e360a0fe7b045e295b5e1a29daad12314e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n%401.98.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "n8n allows open redirects via the /signin endpoint"
}
GHSA-5VRM-8J75-QXMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:07
VLAI
Details
There is an open redirect vulnerability in Titan FTP server 19.0 and below. Users are redirected to any target URL.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an open redirect vulnerability in Titan FTP server 19.0 and below. Users are redirected to any target URL.",
"id": "GHSA-5vrm-8j75-qxmf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:07:30Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oLJaqs5RRNQLT1Hyy-tgEzzhGLB0506J/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JBalanza/CVE-2022-44215"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5VX9-XQHH-F79W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-05 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-24 15:30
VLAI
Details
Open redirect vulnerability in SHIRASAGI v1.14.4 to v1.15.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43479"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-05T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in SHIRASAGI v1.14.4 to v1.15.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack.",
"id": "GHSA-5vx9-xqhh-f79w",
"modified": "2025-04-24T15:30:38Z",
"published": "2022-12-05T06:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shirasagi/shirasagi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN86350682/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ss-proj.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ss-proj.org/support/928.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5W8R-JRM9-XV2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30
VLAI
Details
Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-5w8r-jrm9-xv2p",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.