Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-552

Allowed

Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product makes files or directories accessible to unauthorized actors, even though they should not be.

699 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2016-20025 (GCVE-0-2016-20025)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 13:35 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:11 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
ZKTeco ZKAccess Professional 3.5.3 Privilege Escalation via Insecure Permissions
Summary
ZKTeco ZKAccess Professional 3.5.3 contains an insecure file permissions vulnerability that allows authenticated users to escalate privileges by modifying executable files. Attackers can leverage the Modify permission granted to the Authenticated Users group to replace executable binaries with malicious code for privilege escalation.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-552 - Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ZKTeco Inc. ZKTeco ZKAccess Professional Affected: 3.5.3 (Build 0005)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2016-08-30 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2009-10005 (GCVE-0-2009-10005)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:23
VLAI
Title
ContentKeeper Web Appliance < 125.10 Arbitrary File Access via mimencode
Summary
ContentKeeper Web Appliance (now maintained by Impero Software) versions prior to 125.10 expose the mimencode binary via a CGI endpoint, allowing unauthenticated attackers to retrieve arbitrary files from the filesystem. By crafting a POST request to /cgi-bin/ck/mimencode with traversal and output parameters, attackers can read sensitive files such as /etc/passwd outside the webroot.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 19:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-552 - Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ContentKeeper Technologies Web Appliance Affected: 0 , < 125.10 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:h:sophos:web_appliance:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2010-10-09 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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GHSA-22V8-P7H2-RJ7P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-29 06:31 – Updated: 2025-05-29 17:27
VLAI
Summary
Markdownify MCP Server allows attackers to read arbitrary files
Details

All versions of the package mcp-markdownify-server are vulnerable to Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties via the get-markdown-file tool. An attacker can craft a prompt that, once accessed by the MCP host, will allow it to read arbitrary files from the host running the server.

Show details on source website

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      "url": "https://github.com/zcaceres/markdownify-mcp"
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GHSA-22X5-XJPJ-VGH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:01
VLAI
Details

novel-plus 3.6.0 suffers from an Arbitrary file reading vulnerability.

Show details on source website

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GHSA-23H8-GGH4-VMHV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-15 21:31
VLAI
Details

Aria Operations for Networks contains a local file read vulnerability. A malicious actor with admin privileges may exploit this vulnerability leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Show details on source website

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GHSA-23J4-MW76-5V7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 20:14 – Updated: 2024-05-14 20:14
VLAI
Summary
Scrapy allows redirect following in protocols other than HTTP
Details

Impact

Scrapy was following redirects regardless of the URL protocol, so redirects were working for data://, file://, ftp://, s3://, and any other scheme defined in the DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS setting.

However, HTTP redirects should only work between URLs that use the http:// or https:// schemes.

A malicious actor, given write access to the start requests (e.g. ability to define start_urls) of a spider and read access to the spider output, could exploit this vulnerability to: - Redirect to any local file using the file:// scheme to read its contents. - Redirect to an ftp:// URL of a malicious FTP server to obtain the FTP username and password configured in the spider or project. - Redirect to any s3:// URL to read its content using the S3 credentials configured in the spider or project.

For file:// and s3://, how the spider implements its parsing of input data into an output item determines what data would be vulnerable. A spider that always outputs the entire contents of a response would be completely vulnerable, while a spider that extracted only fragments from the response could significantly limit vulnerable data.

Patches

Upgrade to Scrapy 2.11.2.

Workarounds

Replace the built-in retry middlewares (RedirectMiddleware and MetaRefreshMiddleware) with custom ones that implement the fix from Scrapy 2.11.2, and verify that they work as intended.

References

This security issue was reported by @mvsantos at https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/457.

Show details on source website

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    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nScrapy was following redirects regardless of the URL protocol, so redirects were working for `data://`, `file://`, `ftp://`, `s3://`, and any other scheme defined in the `DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS` setting.\n\nHowever, HTTP redirects should only work between URLs that use the `http://` or `https://` schemes.\n\nA malicious actor, given write access to the start requests (e.g. ability to define `start_urls`) of a spider and read access to the spider output, could exploit this vulnerability to:\n- Redirect to any local file using the `file://` scheme to read its contents.\n- Redirect to an `ftp://` URL of a malicious FTP server to obtain the FTP username and password configured in the spider or project.\n- Redirect to any `s3://` URL to read its content using the S3 credentials configured in the spider or project.\n\nFor `file://` and `s3://`, how the spider implements its parsing of input data into an output item determines what data would be vulnerable. A spider that always outputs the entire contents of a response would be completely vulnerable, while a spider that extracted only fragments from the response could significantly limit vulnerable data.\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to Scrapy 2.11.2.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nReplace the built-in retry middlewares (`RedirectMiddleware` and `MetaRefreshMiddleware`) with custom ones that implement the fix from Scrapy 2.11.2, and verify that they work as intended.\n\n### References\n\nThis security issue was reported by @mvsantos at https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/457.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-23j4-mw76-5v7h",
  "modified": "2024-05-14T20:14:50Z",
  "published": "2024-05-14T20:14:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/security/advisories/GHSA-23j4-mw76-5v7h"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/457"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/36287cb665ab4b0c65fd53181c9a0ef04990ada6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Scrapy allows redirect following in protocols other than HTTP"
}

GHSA-2425-R3XX-W4V7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-24 00:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:53
VLAI
Details

carRental 1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control (Arbitrary File Read on the Back-end System).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33517"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-552"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-23T23:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "carRental 1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control (Arbitrary File Read on the Back-end System).",
  "id": "GHSA-2425-r3xx-w4v7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:53:42Z",
  "published": "2023-10-24T00:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33517"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/wushigudan/288ab32566615d8897c1da7ce7204838"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2559-M273-3QPF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11
VLAI
Details

An information disclosure vulnerability in rConfig 3.9.5 has been fixed for version 3.9.6. This vulnerability allowed remote authenticated attackers to read files on the system via a crafted request sent to to the /lib/crud/configcompare.crud.php script.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-25351"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-552"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-20T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An information disclosure vulnerability in rConfig 3.9.5 has been fixed for version 3.9.6. This vulnerability allowed remote authenticated attackers to read files on the system via a crafted request sent to to the /lib/crud/configcompare.crud.php script.",
  "id": "GHSA-2559-m273-3qpf",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:11:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25351"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://stark0de.com/2020/08/27/pwning-rconfig-part-one.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2579-38W7-JC76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-10 21:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Cognos Analytics Certified Containers 12.1.0 could disclose package parameter information due to the presence of hidden pages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-33150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-552"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T20:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Cognos Analytics Certified Containers 12.1.0 could disclose package parameter information due to the presence of hidden pages.",
  "id": "GHSA-2579-38w7-jc76",
  "modified": "2025-11-10T21:30:36Z",
  "published": "2025-11-10T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7250395"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2652-63HR-2GVH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2025-03-24 15:30
VLAI
Details

mndpsingh287 WP File Manager v6.4 and lower fails to restrict external access to the fm_backups directory with a .htaccess file. This results in the ability for unauthenticated users to browse and download any site backups, which sometimes include full database backups, that the plugin has taken.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-24312"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-552"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-26T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "mndpsingh287 WP File Manager v6.4 and lower fails to restrict external access to the fm_backups directory with a .htaccess file. This results in the ability for unauthenticated users to browse and download any site backups, which sometimes include full database backups, that the plugin has taken.",
  "id": "GHSA-2652-63hr-2gvh",
  "modified": "2025-03-24T15:30:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:26:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24312"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zeroaptitude.com/zerodetail/wordpress-plugin-bug-hunting-part-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.

CAPEC-150: Collect Data from Common Resource Locations

An adversary exploits well-known locations for resources for the purposes of undermining the security of the target. In many, if not most systems, files and resources are organized in a default tree structure. This can be useful for adversaries because they often know where to look for resources or files that are necessary for attacks. Even when the precise location of a targeted resource may not be known, naming conventions may indicate a small area of the target machine's file tree where the resources are typically located. For example, configuration files are normally stored in the /etc director on Unix systems. Adversaries can take advantage of this to commit other types of attacks.

CAPEC-639: Probe System Files

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to improperly protected files. If an application stores sensitive information in a file that is not protected by proper access control, then an adversary can access the file and search for sensitive information.