CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1965 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6348-6G85-HP24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30Duo has identified and fixed an issue with the Duo Network Gateway (DNG) product in which some customer-provided SSL certificates and private keys were not excluded from logging. This issue resulted in certificate and private key information being written out in plain-text to local files on the DNG host. Any private keys logged in this way could be viewed by those with access to the DNG host operating system without any need for reversing encrypted values or similar techniques. An attacker that gained access to the DNG logs and with the ability to intercept and manipulate network traffic between a user and the DNG, could decrypt and manipulate SSL/TLS connections to the DNG and to the protected applications behind it. Duo Network Gateway (DNG) versions 1.3.3 through 1.5.7 are affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-14T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Duo has identified and fixed an issue with the Duo Network Gateway (DNG) product in which some customer-provided SSL certificates and private keys were not excluded from logging. This issue resulted in certificate and private key information being written out in plain-text to local files on the DNG host. Any private keys logged in this way could be viewed by those with access to the DNG host operating system without any need for reversing encrypted values or similar techniques. An attacker that gained access to the DNG logs and with the ability to intercept and manipulate network traffic between a user and the DNG, could decrypt and manipulate SSL/TLS connections to the DNG and to the protected applications behind it. Duo Network Gateway (DNG) versions 1.3.3 through 1.5.7 are affected.",
"id": "GHSA-6348-6g85-hp24",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://duo.com/labs/psa/duo-psa-2020-004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-634W-42GR-QJ8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-27 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01A flaw was found in the Foreman project. The Datacenter plugin exposes the password through the API to an authenticated local attacker with view_hosts permission. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Foreman project. The Datacenter plugin exposes the password through the API to an authenticated local attacker with view_hosts permission. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-634w-42gr-qj8p",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:09Z",
"published": "2022-08-27T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-20260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1932181"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-636R-HFJ8-V9M7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-18 18:30Moxa Arm-based industrial computers running Moxa Industrial Linux Secure use a device-unique bootloader password provided on the device. An attacker with physical access to the device could use this information to access the bootloader menu via a serial interface. Access to the bootloader menu does not allow full system takeover or privilege escalation. The bootloader enforces digital signature verification and only permits flashing of Moxa-signed images. As a result, an attacker cannot install malicious firmware or execute arbitrary code. The primary impact is limited to a potential temporary denial-of-service condition if a valid image is reflashed. Remote exploitation is not possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0715"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-05T17:16:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Moxa Arm-based industrial computers running Moxa Industrial Linux Secure use a device-unique bootloader password provided on the device. An attacker with physical access\u00a0to the device could use this information to access the bootloader menu via a serial interface. \u00a0Access to the bootloader menu does not allow full system takeover or privilege escalation. The bootloader enforces digital signature verification and only permits flashing of Moxa-signed images. As a result, an attacker cannot install malicious firmware or execute arbitrary code. The primary impact is limited to a potential temporary denial-of-service condition\u00a0if a valid image is reflashed. Remote exploitation is not possible.",
"id": "GHSA-636r-hfj8-v9m7",
"modified": "2026-02-18T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-02-05T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-255121-cve-2026-0714-cve-2026-0715-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-industrial-computers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-637M-5WP2-VXWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-17 09:30EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext database account credentials from the system frontend.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13163"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-17T08:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "EasyFlow GP developed by Digiwin has an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to obtain plaintext database account credentials from the system frontend.",
"id": "GHSA-637m-5wp2-vxwg",
"modified": "2025-11-17T09:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-11-17T09:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10504-23f4c-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10503-a66fe-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-63FQ-95F6-4XFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-08 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:52Milesight NCR/camera version 71.8.0.6-r5 exposes credentials through an unspecified request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\n\n\nMilesight NCR/camera version 71.8.0.6-r5 exposes credentials through an unspecified request. \n\n \n\n",
"id": "GHSA-63fq-95f6-4xfm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:52:45Z",
"published": "2023-05-08T21:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-63GH-HJ5G-65R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-25 15:30An unauthorized user with network access and the decryption key could decrypt sensitive data, such as usernames and passwords.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38469"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-261",
"CWE-326",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An unauthorized user with network access and the decryption key could decrypt sensitive data, such as usernames and passwords.",
"id": "GHSA-63gh-hj5g-65r3",
"modified": "2023-01-25T15:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-01-18T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://digitalsupport.ge.com/s/article/GE-Digital-Product-Security-Advisory-GED-23-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-017-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-63MF-JCR2-F9JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14An attacker could retrieve plain-text credentials stored in a XML file on PR100088 Modbus gateway versions prior to Release R02 (or Software Version 1.1.13166) through FTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6549"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-12T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker could retrieve plain-text credentials stored in a XML file on PR100088 Modbus gateway versions prior to Release R02 (or Software Version 1.1.13166) through FTP.",
"id": "GHSA-63mf-jcr2-f9jv",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-036-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-644J-JCC4-CRX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:00 – Updated: 2022-11-08 12:45Jenkins project Jenkins AWS CodeDeploy Plugin version 1.19 and earlier contains a File and Directory Information Exposure vulnerability in AWSCodeDeployPublisher.java that can result in Disclosure of environment variables. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 1.20 and later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.amazonaws:codedeploy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1000402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-08T12:45:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins project Jenkins AWS CodeDeploy Plugin version 1.19 and earlier contains a File and Directory Information Exposure vulnerability in AWSCodeDeployPublisher.java that can result in Disclosure of environment variables. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 1.20 and later.",
"id": "GHSA-644j-jcc4-crx7",
"modified": "2022-11-08T12:45:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:00:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/aws-codedeploy-plugin/commit/4bef70636dbcb9e773d4a4a6186726719cb88ee4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/aws-codedeploy-plugin/commit/a086092ddf79d0b232e44f5908e8b6ef3dfcde9d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2018-06-25/#SECURITY-825"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins AWS CodeDeploy Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-64CR-96QP-F65G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36An Insufficiently Protected Credentials issue was discovered in Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven XE, all versions prior to 4.0.14, and AirLink Raven XT, all versions prior to 4.0.11. Sensitive information is insufficiently protected during transmission and vulnerable to sniffing, which could lead to information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-30T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Insufficiently Protected Credentials issue was discovered in Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven XE, all versions prior to 4.0.14, and AirLink Raven XT, all versions prior to 4.0.11. Sensitive information is insufficiently protected during transmission and vulnerable to sniffing, which could lead to information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-64cr-96qp-f65g",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-115-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98036"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64FX-64PJ-CV92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28ECOA BAS controller’s special page displays user account and passwords in plain text, thus unauthenticated attackers can access the page and obtain privilege with full functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41300"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-30T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ECOA BAS controller\u2019s special page displays user account and passwords in plain text, thus unauthenticated attackers can access the page and obtain privilege with full functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-64fx-64pj-cv92",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5136-3e315-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.