CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1969 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2FJ3-V6QR-QF3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-05 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-05 12:31NetBox through 4.7.0 fails to redact sensitive data source backend credentials in REST and GraphQL API responses. Authenticated users with only view permission can retrieve plaintext passwords and secret keys for Git and Amazon S3 backends through API endpoints, gaining unauthorized access to external repositories and storage buckets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86175"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-05T11:16:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NetBox through 4.7.0 fails to redact sensitive data source backend credentials in REST and GraphQL API responses. Authenticated users with only view permission can retrieve plaintext passwords and secret keys for Git and Amazon S3 backends through API endpoints, gaining unauthorized access to external repositories and storage buckets.",
"id": "GHSA-2fj3-v6qr-qf3j",
"modified": "2026-09-05T12:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-09-05T12:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/12625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/oss/blob/main/netbox.md#finding-2-netbox-data-source-backend-credentials-git-password--s3-secret-key-returned-in-plaintext-via-rest-api-and-graphql-to-users-with-only-view-permission-incomplete-fix-of-12625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v4.7.0/netbox/core/api/serializers_/data.py#L26-L32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v4.7.0/netbox/core/data_backends.py#L80"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v4.7.0/netbox/core/graphql/types.py#L30-L38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netbox-through-4.7.0-credential-disclosure-via-rest-and-graphql-apis"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FM2-P76R-3MV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00The sensitive information of webcam device is not properly protected. Remote attackers can unauthentically grant administrator’s credential and further control the devices.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-28T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The sensitive information of webcam device is not properly protected. Remote attackers can unauthentically grant administrator\u2019s credential and further control the devices.",
"id": "GHSA-2fm2-p76r-3mv9",
"modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/keniver/86ebef688fb274b534da51ef1a84dd3e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/0b733a38-e616-4ff3-86a6-13e710643388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.meritlilin.com/assets/uploads/support/file/M00166-TW.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4678-aad70-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FR7-CC7P-P45Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 19:45 – Updated: 2023-12-05 19:45Impact
Change request allows to edit any page by default, and the changes are then exported in an XML that anyone can download. So it's possible for an attacker to obtain password hash of users by performing edition of the user profiles and then downloading the XML that has been created. This is also true for any document that might contain password field and that a user can view. This vulnerability impacts all version of Change Request, but the impact depends on the rights that has been set on the wiki since it requires for the user to have the Change request right (allowed by default) and view rights on the page to target. Also the issue cannot be easily exploited in an automated way.
Patches
The patch consists in denying to users the right of editing pages that contains a password field with change request. It means that already existing change request for those pages won't be removed by the patch, administrators needs to take care of it.
The patch is provided in Change Request 1.10, administrators should upgrade immediately.
Workarounds
It's possible to workaround the vulnerability by denying manually the Change request right on some spaces, such as XWiki space which will include any user profile by default.
References
- JIRA issue: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CRAPP-302
- Commit of the fix: https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-changerequest/commit/ff0f5368ea04f0e4aa7b33821c707dc68a8c5ca8
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
Attribution
Thanks Michael Hamann for the report.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.contrib.changerequest:application-changerequest-default"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49280"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-05T19:45:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-04T23:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nChange request allows to edit any page by default, and the changes are then exported in an XML that anyone can download. So it\u0027s possible for an attacker to obtain password hash of users by performing edition of the user profiles and then downloading the XML that has been created. This is also true for any document that might contain password field and that a user can view.\nThis vulnerability impacts all version of Change Request, but the impact depends on the rights that has been set on the wiki since it requires for the user to have the Change request right (allowed by default) and view rights on the page to target. \nAlso the issue cannot be easily exploited in an automated way. \n\n### Patches\n\nThe patch consists in denying to users the right of editing pages that contains a password field with change request. It means that already existing change request for those pages won\u0027t be removed by the patch, administrators needs to take care of it. \n\nThe patch is provided in Change Request 1.10, administrators should upgrade immediately. \n\n### Workarounds\n\nIt\u0027s possible to workaround the vulnerability by denying manually the Change request right on some spaces, such as XWiki space which will include any user profile by default. \n\n### References\n\n * JIRA issue: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CRAPP-302\n * Commit of the fix: https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-changerequest/commit/ff0f5368ea04f0e4aa7b33821c707dc68a8c5ca8\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n\n### Attribution\n\nThanks Michael Hamann for the report. ",
"id": "GHSA-2fr7-cc7p-p45q",
"modified": "2023-12-05T19:45:33Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T19:45:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-changerequest/security/advisories/GHSA-2fr7-cc7p-p45q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-changerequest/commit/ff0f5368ea04f0e4aa7b33821c707dc68a8c5ca8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-changerequest"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CRAPP-302"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Data leak of password hash through change requests"
}
GHSA-2FXC-VHRX-CQC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-21 00:00Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 8.2.2 and above, contain a password disclosure vulnerability. An unprivileged local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to account take over.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22550"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-12T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 8.2.2 and above, contain a password disclosure vulnerability. An unprivileged local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to account take over.",
"id": "GHSA-2fxc-vhrx-cqc7",
"modified": "2022-04-21T00:00:50Z",
"published": "2022-04-13T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000195815"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2GH8-GX83-42H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:43LemonLDAP::NG -2.0.3 has Incorrect Access Control.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-22T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "LemonLDAP::NG -2.0.3 has Incorrect Access Control.",
"id": "GHSA-2gh8-gx83-42h9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:43:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:46:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/commits/master"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/issues/1742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/issues/1743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/issues/1744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lemonldap-ng.org/download"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://projects.ow2.org/view/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng-1-9-19-is-out"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://projects.ow2.org/view/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng-2-0-4-is-out"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/May/38"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2GX2-4QJJ-49CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30A storing passwords in a recoverable format vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.3 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.3 all versions may allow an authenticated remote attacker to retrieve passwords for multiple installed connectors via server address modification in connector configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-257",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T16:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A storing passwords in a recoverable format vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.3 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.5.0 through 7.5.2, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.3 all versions may allow an authenticated remote attacker to retrieve passwords for multiple installed connectors via server address modification in connector configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-2gx2-4qjj-49ch",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H6V-G45H-32XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-04 15:30CWE‑522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials in web services in Progress Sitefinity version from 14.0.7700 to 14.4.8152, and 15.0.8200 to 15.0.8234, and 15.1.8300 to 15.1.8335, 15.2.8400 to 15.2.8441, 15.3.8500 to 15.3.8531, and 15.4.8600 to 15.4.8630 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain plain-text credentials used connect to Sitefinity Insight service. Successful exploitation requires active integration with Sitefinity Insight and non-default site configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T14:17:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "CWE\u2011522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials in web services in Progress Sitefinity version from 14.0.7700 to 14.4.8152, and 15.0.8200 to 15.0.8234, and 15.1.8300 to 15.1.8335, 15.2.8400 to 15.2.8441, 15.3.8500 to 15.3.8531, and 15.4.8600 to 15.4.8630 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain plain-text credentials used connect to Sitefinity Insight service. Successful exploitation requires active integration with Sitefinity Insight and non-default site configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-2h6v-g45h-32xx",
"modified": "2026-06-04T15:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T15:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.progress.com/s/article/Sitefinity-Security-Advisory-for-Addressing-Security-Vulnerabilities-CVE-2026-7312-CVE-2026-7198-CVE-2026-7195-CVE-2026-7201-CVE-2026-7313-May-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H79-F8WH-7H2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-09-29 15:30All versions of Dingtian DT-R002 are vulnerable to an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability that could allow an attacker to extract the proprietary "Dingtian Binary" protocol password by sending an unauthenticated GET request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10880"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-25T17:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "All versions of Dingtian DT-R002 are vulnerable to an Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability that could allow an attacker to extract the proprietary \"Dingtian Binary\" protocol password by sending an unauthenticated GET request.",
"id": "GHSA-2h79-f8wh-7h2v",
"modified": "2025-09-29T15:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-09-25T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-268-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HJG-83V5-Q3MF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-17 21:31A security vulnerability has been detected in Intelbras ICIP 2.0.20. Affected is an unknown function of the file /xml/sistema/acessodeusuario.xml. Such manipulation of the argument NomeUsuario/SenhaAcess leads to unprotected storage of credentials. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-14T22:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Intelbras ICIP 2.0.20. Affected is an unknown function of the file /xml/sistema/acessodeusuario.xml. Such manipulation of the argument NomeUsuario/SenhaAcess leads to unprotected storage of credentials. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-2hjg-83v5-q3mf",
"modified": "2025-11-17T21:31:22Z",
"published": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.332475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.332475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.685522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/eldruin/Intelbras-ICIP-Plaintext-Admin-Credentials-Disclosure-29b27474cccb80ff943ff2776d03d7cd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/eldruin/Intelbras-ICIP-Plaintext-Admin-Credentials-Disclosure-CVE-2025-13187-29b27474cccb80ff943ff2776d03d7cd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HRM-3727-3MC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-03 00:31 – Updated: 2026-02-26 21:31Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows Signature Spoofing by Key Theft.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): through 2.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T22:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows Signature Spoofing by Key Theft.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): through 2.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-2hrm-3727-3mc5",
"modified": "2026-02-26T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-01-03T00:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dragos.com/community/advisories/CVE-2025-64119"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.